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論文名稱 Title |
以溴化P3HT︰P3HT︰PCBM為主動層之有機太能電池研究 The Study of Organic Solar Cell incorporating Bromined-P3HT︰P3HT︰PCBM as Active Layer |
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系所名稱 Department |
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畢業學年期 Year, semester |
語文別 Language |
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學位類別 Degree |
頁數 Number of pages |
100 |
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研究生 Author |
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指導教授 Advisor |
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召集委員 Convenor |
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口試委員 Advisory Committee |
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口試日期 Date of Exam |
2010-07-13 |
繳交日期 Date of Submission |
2010-08-18 |
關鍵字 Keywords |
有機、溴化、緩衝、電池、高分子、太陽能、開路電壓、表面、粗糙度 poly, organic, voltage, VOC, buffer, bromined, polymer, Donor, P3HT, PCBM, Br, Br-P3HT, solar cell, HOMO, LUMO, Acceptor, AFM |
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統計 Statistics |
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中文摘要 |
本論文中是針對於太陽能電池中四個特性參數其中的開路電壓(Voc)做討論,目前文獻絕大多數都是採用Alan Heeger所歸納出的一條經驗公式VOC=(1/e)(|EDonorHOMO︱-|EAcceptorLUMO︱)-0.3V,在此公式當中,我們可以得知VOC只與主動層當中的Donor材料的 HOMO和Acceptor材料的LUMO有關,想要有高的VOC,其條件是必須要Donor材料有高HOMO值,以及Acceptor 的材料要有LUMO值。本研究中是當主動層當中,除了一般文獻中常見 Donor材料poly(3-hexylthiophene)(簡稱P3HT),以及Acceptor材料 [6,6]-phenyl-C61-Butyric acid methyl ester(簡稱PCBM),額外摻雜第三種材料,其擁有比Donor更高的HOMO,或者是比Acceptor更低的LUMO值,探討其對於VOC的影響。 本論文中將使用兩種不同溴化程度後的P3HT(簡稱Br-P3HT),分別是40%和100%的溴化程度,將其摻雜於主動層中。三種材料在不同重量配比濃度下,可提升其開路電壓。太陽能電池元件如下: ITO/PEDOT︰PSS/P3HT︰Br-P3HT︰PCBM/Al 在AM 1.5G100mW/cm2 的模擬太陽光源下量測其光電轉換效率。 摻雜Br-P3HT(100%)可以調變其開路電壓由0.6V上升至0.68V,但也隨著摻雜的過多而導致表面粗糙度大幅度的提升,雖然有助於提升開路電壓,但也令短路電流、填充因子,大幅度的下滑,以致無法提升元件效率。摻雜Br-P3HT(40%),不僅能提升開路電壓至0.66V,雖然在表面粗糙度有略為的提升,但對於短路電流與填充因子尚未造成影響,可以保有原有Standard的短路電流與填充因子的值不受影響,而效率由2.20%上升2.46% 。 |
Abstract |
Based on the solar cell’s four characteristic parameter open-circuit voltage (Voc) makes the discussion.The study of the relation VOC’s paper uses empirical formula. VOC’s formula is “VOC=(1/e)(|EDonorHOMO︱-|EAcceptorLUMO︱)-0.3V”. We can know that VOC related to donor material’s HOMO and acceptor material’s LUMO, if we need a high VOC, it can change the structure of donor material to have higher HOMO value, as well as the acceptor material have lower LUMO value. Our active layer except poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and [6,6]-phenyl-C61-Butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM), the third material was blended to discuss their effect on the VOC. Two kind of different bromined-P3HT (Br-P3HT) were used 40% and 100% bromined-P3HT to blend in active layer. Their Three materials blended under the different weight percent and the basic device configurations in this study was ITO / PEDOT : PSS / P3HT : Br-P3HT : PCBM / Al , efficiency was measured under AM 1.5G 100mW/cm2 illumination. When blended Br-P3HT(100%) in the active layer, VOC increased from 0.6V to 0.68V and the surface roughness makes short-circuit current and fill factor, increased make lower power conversion efficiency. When blended Br-P3HT(40%) into the active layer, not only can increase VOC to 0.66V, but influence the short-circuit current and the fill factor. The power conversion efficiency changed from 2.20% to 2.46%. |
目次 Table of Contents |
誌謝..........................................................................................................I 中文摘要..................................................................................................III Abstract.....................................................................................................V 目錄.........................................................................................................VI 圖目錄......................................................................................................X 表目錄..................................................................................................XIII 第一章 緒論..............................................................................................1 1-1 替代性能源............................................................................1 1-2 太陽能電池的定義................................................................1 1-3 太陽能電池發展之三個世代................................................2 1-4 有機與無機太陽能電池之介紹............................................2 1-5 有機太陽能電池結構演進....................................................4 1-5-1 單層結構有機太陽能電池.......................................5 1-5-2 雙層異質界面結構有機太陽能電池.......................6 1-5-3 混合層異質界面結構有機太陽能電池...................7 1-5-4 秩序性混合層異質界面結構有機太陽能電池.......8 1-6 研究動機................................................................................9 第二章 理論基礎....................................................................................11 2-1 能量及電荷轉移機制..........................................................11 2-2 光電轉換原理......................................................................12 2-3 太陽能電池等效電路..........................................................18 2-4 光電特性參數......................................................................20 2-4-1 短路電流(Isc)......................................................21 2-4-2 開路電壓(Voc).....................................................22 2-4-3 填充因子(F.F.).....................................................22 2-4-4 功率轉換效率(ηP)...............................................23 2-5 太陽光模擬..........................................................................24 第三章 實驗流程、製程設備與量測儀器..............................................29 3-1 實驗架構..............................................................................29 3-2 實驗材料..............................................................................30 3-2-1 陽極:ITO................................................................30 3-2-2 電洞傳輸層材料:PEDOT:PSS...........................31 3-2-3 主動層電荷施體材料:P3HT.................................32 3-2-4 主動層電荷受體材料:PCBM...............................32 3-2-5 主動層材料:Br-P3HT............................................33 3-2-6 溶劑:Chloroform...................................................34 3-2-7 陰極:Alumina........................................................34 3-3 藥品的配製..........................................................................35 3-3-1 PEDOT:PSS 材料..................................................35 3-3-2 P3HT:Br-P3HT(100%):PCBM 材料..................35 3-3-3 P3HT:Br-P3HT(40%):PCBM 材料....................35 3-4 實驗步驟..............................................................................36 3-4-1 ITO陽極圖形化........................................................36 3-4-2 ITO玻璃基版清洗....................................................38 3-4-3 有機高分子太陽能電池元件製程...........................39 3-5 製程設備..............................................................................41 3-5-1超音波清洗機(Ultrasonic cleaning).....................41 3-5-2 加熱盤(Hot plate)................................................41 3-5-3 電漿清洗機(O2 plasma).......................................41 3-5-4 旋轉塗佈機(Spin coater).....................................42 3-5-5 手套箱(Glove box)..............................................43 3-5-6 蒸鍍機(Evaporator).............................................43 3-5-7 紫外光曝光機(UV exposure)..............................44 3-6 量測儀器..............................................................................44 3-6-1 紫外光/可見光光譜儀(UV-Vis)..........................44 3-6-2 光電子光譜分析儀(PESA).................................45 3-6-3 表面輪廓儀(Surface profiler)................................46 3-6-4 原子力顯微鏡(AFM)............................................48 3-6-5 太陽光譜模擬量測系統(Solar simulator system) .....................................................................................50 第四章 結果與討論................................................................................52 4-1 Br-P3HT 材料分析..............................................................52 4-1-1 UV-Vis量測吸收光譜...............................................52 4-1-2 材料能階分析...........................................................53 4-2 Br-P3HT(100%)摻雜於主動層中之元件特性....................54 4-2-1 Br-P3HT(100%)與PCBM做為Acceptor材料.......55 4-2-2 P3HT與Br-P3HT(100%)做為Donor材料.............58 4-2-3 Br-P3HT(100%)做為主動層中的Buffer材料........60 4-3 Br-P3HT(40%)摻雜於主動層中之元件特性......................64 4-3-1 P3HT與Br-P3HT(40%)做為Donor材料...............65 4-3-2 Br-P3HT(40%)做為主動層中的Buffer材料...........66 4-4 表面成膜粗糙度..................................................................70 第五章 總結............................................................................................82 參考文獻..................................................................................................83 |
參考文獻 References |
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