光纖感測技術主要目的，是藉由光路架構去感應外界物理場的擾動，藉由解調系統，可將被物理場所調制的光訊號分離出來，並進而將物理場的特性還原。本論文提出一改良式桑克干涉儀架構，探討「光路系統」與「解調系統」，並對感測系統的靈敏度，及其動態範圍，作分析，討論它的優缺點。
本架構使用同調性低的光源，可降低成本，解決邁克遜干涉儀，馬赫－詹德干涉儀，必須使用高同調雷射光源的缺點，並解決桑克干涉儀一半路徑須遮蔽，感測源不能置於光路徑中間點之缺點。光纖有著極高的使用率，架構精簡，實驗佈放容易，同時訊號較強，適合佈置於水中，以感測微弱的水中聲場訊號。
為了搭配光路系統，製作各式感測頭用來偵測水下聲音訊號，並推導感測頭靈敏度之數學模型，使用Bruel & Kjaer 當作校正系統，可得到最佳的靈敏度為 -231.47 dB re V/uPa，動態範圍是40 dB。

The main purpose of the optical fiber sensing technology is to detect perturbation of physical fields. By means of some demodulating scheme, we can extract the real signal from those light beams which modified by physical fields. In the thesis, we proposed a configuration of modified Sagnac Interferometer as a sensing system. The optical sensing and demodulation system are exploited separately. Next, we study the advantages and disadvantages of the configuration. Besides, we are also measured the sensitivity and dynamic range.
The sensing system used a low coherence light source to reduce cost. This system also improves the shortage of a Sagnac Interferometer which has a blind point in the middle position. In addition, the structure is easily implemented and can detect weak signal in a high noisy water environment.
For matching the main structure, we make many kinds of sensing heads for detecting signals under water. We also use the mathematical model as the base of the theory. The dynamic range is 40 dB and the sensitivity is -231.47 dB re V/uPa.

頁次
中文摘要 i
英文摘要 ii
誌謝 iii
目錄 iv
圖目錄 vii
表目錄 x
符號表 xi
第一章 簡介
1.1文獻回顧 1
1.2研究動機 2
1.3 論文結構 3
第二章 基本感測原理與系統瓊斯矩陣之分析 5
2.1光纖干涉原理與同調長度 5
2.1.1光纖干涉原理 5
2.1.2干涉現象 6
2.2桑克干涉儀 7
2.3光元件與系統的瓊斯矩陣推導 8
2.3.1光纖元件之瓊斯矩陣 8
2.3.1.1光纖瓊斯矩陣 8
2.3.1.2光纖順時鐘方向圓環矩陣 9
2.3.1.3光纖逆時鐘方向圓環矩陣 9
2.3.1.4 3x3耦合器瓊斯矩陣 10
2.3.1.5 2X2耦合器瓊斯矩陣 11
2.3.2 法拉第旋轉鏡的瓊斯矩陣 11
2.3.3 改良式桑克干涉儀瓊斯矩陣 12
第三章 光路數學分析 16
3.1基本桑克干涉儀數學分析與訊號解調 16
3.1.1尚未加入調制訊號之基本桑克干涉儀 16
3.1.2尚未加入調制訊號之改良式桑克干涉儀 18
3.1.3加入調制訊號之改良式桑克干涉儀 20
3.2訊號解調單元 22
3.2.1相位調製器 22
3.2.2相位載波解調電路 24
3.3聲學基本介紹 24
3.3.1水中聲學簡介 24
3.3.2聲音感測頭基本原理 25
3.3.2.1聲音與感測頭相對關係 25
3.3.2.2感測頭數學模型 25
3.3.2.3感測頭靈敏度之提升 30
第四章 實驗與結果討論 32
4.1感測頭的製作方法 32

4.2光路基本元件的量測 34

4.2.1 2X2光纖耦合器的量測 34

4.2.2 法拉第旋轉鏡(FRM)的量測 36

4.3空氣中聲音的量測 37

4.4水中聲音的量測 39

4.5各式感測頭對水中聲音之量測比較 42

第五章 結論與未來展望
5.1 結論 45
5.1.1 8103和自製感測頭訊號強度之比較 45
5.1.2 自製感測頭之動態範圍與靈敏度比較 45
5.2 未來展望 45
5.2.1 系統性能的改善 46
5.2.2 未來期許 47
參考文獻 48
附圖 53
附表 82
附錄 95
中英文對照表 98
作者簡介 101

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