本研究是針對在台灣周邊海域之瞻星魚所發現的兩種特徵，大量的膽液與體
積小的腦，做實驗調查以探討為何瞻星魚需要這麼大量的膽液，以及為何減小了
腦的體積。實驗調查確定瞻星魚膽液比其他魚的多，與魚類相關文獻上記載最小
的腦差不多大。針對大量膽液對於瞻星魚之功能，提出兩個假說，一是膽液作為
排出體外的性費洛蒙，另一是與提升食物中鈣質的攝取效率有關。性費洛蒙的假
說上，雌雄魚間膽液量沒有顯著差異，膽液量也沒有季節上的變化，嗅覺接收器
辦膜數也較文獻上的魚類少，且處理嗅覺訊息統合之端腦神經細胞密度不高，統
合結果後還不能確定膽液是做為性費洛蒙的功能。有關膽液提升鈣質吸收假說，
結果顯示瞻星魚有顯著較堅硬且密度高的頭骨，頭骨內有較高的鈣含量。大部分
魚類主要以鰓和腸道攝取水中或食物中之鈣質，由於瞻星魚可能少在水層中泳
動，較少有水流通過鰓，推測瞻星魚應該主要是從腸道吸收鈣質，但其膽液幫助
攝取鈣質之效率仍要再進一步實驗才能了解。另外對於小型的腦，本研究作各部
分的腦體積測量並切片觀察，結果瞻星魚主管側線感覺與聽覺的小腦脊，其體積
佔全腦百分率為14.74±3.96%，較親緣關係近的六橫斑擬鱸的高，每平方釐米有
625.43±205.1 的神經細胞，與六橫斑擬鱸的沒有統計上之差異，且瞻星魚與文獻
中魚類耳石與腦的比例類似，瞻星魚很可能以側線或聽覺做為感測外界的重要工
具，可做為一個新的研究方向。瞻星魚小型的腦推估是在不影響生存所需的腦神
經細胞數目條件下減少氧氣的消耗，是為了適應自己的生存環境與習性所作的改
變。台灣周圍海域有記錄的瞻星魚種很少被研究，對於沿岸漁業來說，瞻星魚也
佔了一部分的地位，於是應多了解瞻星魚的基本生態以及生理上的資料，才能保
護並永續利用瞻星魚。

Stargazers (Uranoscopidae) have two specialized characters- large volume of bile
and a small-size brain. To explain why stargazers need large volume of bile, two
hypotheses were proposed: (1) a function of the bile of stargazers is acting as the sex
pheromone, and (2) bile enhances calcium uptake efficiency. The brain volume was
measured, and the volumes of each part of the brain were also measured. The
elementary investigations indicate that the stargazers have larger bile volume ratio and
smaller brain weight ratio than other fishes reported in the present studies. The bile
volumes are no significant difference between the female stargazers and the male
stargazers, the bile volumes showed no monthly difference. Besides, the number of
olfactory epithelium and the neuron density of the telencephalon in stargazers were
not more than other fishes, the function of sex pheromone of bile can not be
confirmed. The cranium hardness, bone density, and calcium content in stargazers are
significantly more than other fishes. Most fish uptake calcium by the gill and the
intestine from seawater or food. However, stargazers often hide in the sand and wait
for the prey for most of the time, less water flow through the gills are expected.
Therefore stargazers possibly uptake calcium through the intestine. Efficiency of the
bile to aid calcium uptake has to be examined by experiments. The paraffin histology
has been taken in various parts of the brain. Crista cerebelli is the center for sensing
mechanical vibration; the volume of stargazer’s crista cerebelli is higher than other
fishes. Stargazers have large saccular otolith compare to the whole brain. Studies on
the lateral line and acoustic sense of stargazers are new research topics. Furthermore,
decrease in brain size in stargazers is for the purpose of reducing the oxygen
consumption, so as to hiding in the sand. Stargazers are one of the fisheries species on
western Taiwan coast. However there are very few studies on the stargazers in Taiwan;
we should understand more about them in order to protect and consume the stargazers
in a better way.

壹、前言........................................................................................................................1
一、瞻星魚介紹....................................................................................................1
二、解剖觀察........................................................................................................2
三、文獻回顧........................................................................................................3
四、研究目的........................................................................................................4
貳、材料與方法............................................................................................................7
一、樣品採集與鑑定............................................................................................7
二、標本處理........................................................................................................8
三、實驗項目與實驗方法....................................................................................9
參、結果......................................................................................................................16
一、膽液..............................................................................................................16
二、腦..................................................................................................................19
肆、討論......................................................................................................................22
一、膽液確認分析..............................................................................................22
二、鈣質吸收......................................................................................................23
三、性費洛蒙......................................................................................................26
四、膽液其他功能的推測..................................................................................29
五、瞻星魚腦之感覺處理推測..........................................................................29
六、小型的腦......................................................................................................31
七、結論..............................................................................................................32
伍、參考文獻..............................................................................................................34

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