論文使用權限 Thesis access permission:自定論文開放時間 user define
開放時間 Available:
校內 Campus:永不公開 not available
校外 Off-campus:永不公開 not available
論文名稱 Title |
薄形手機之接地面天線研究 Ground Antennas for Slim Handsets |
||
系所名稱 Department |
|||
畢業學年期 Year, semester |
語文別 Language |
||
學位類別 Degree |
頁數 Number of pages |
105 |
|
研究生 Author |
|||
指導教授 Advisor |
|||
召集委員 Convenor |
|||
口試委員 Advisory Committee |
|||
口試日期 Date of Exam |
2012-07-27 |
繳交日期 Date of Submission |
2012-08-20 |
關鍵字 Keywords |
接地面天線、形塑電路板、薄形手機 Slim handsets, Shaped circuit board, Ground antennas |
||
統計 Statistics |
本論文已被瀏覽 5657 次,被下載 0 次 The thesis/dissertation has been browsed 5657 times, has been downloaded 0 times. |
中文摘要 |
本論文提出適用於薄形手機之多頻接地面天線設計,其技術特點在於有效激發接地面之共振模態來大幅提升天線本身之操作頻寬。在第一項天線設計中提出一種單極天線其結合接地面之天線淨空區間所形成之槽孔天線來增加低頻之頻寬以達成WWAN五頻操作。在第二項天線中則利用形塑電路板之適當缺口來增強系統接地面上的表面電流激發而改善天線之阻抗匹配,增加天線之操作頻寬,使天線可涵蓋WWAN/LTE之七頻操作。而在第三項天線設計中,則是沿用第二項設計之天線結構,為了更符合天線於薄形手機之實際應用,整合了電池以及螢幕金屬支撐板來降低手機厚度,並可涵蓋WWAN/LTE之七頻操作。本論文亦對於此三項天線設計加入頭部模型以及手部模型進行SAR值的模擬分析以及HAC的分析。 |
Abstract |
In this dissertation, multiband ground antennas for slim handsets are presented. The design techniques are on efficiently exciting the resonant modes of the system ground plane of the handset to greatly enhance the antenna’s operating bandwidth. The first antenna design is a monopole antenna integrated with a slot antenna formed in a clearance in the system ground plane to enhance the bandwidth of the antenna’s lower band for penta-band WWAN operation. The second antenna design uses a shaped circuit board with a proper notch embedded therein to result in stronger surface current excitation in the ground plane, which leads to bandwidth enhancement in the antenna’s lower band and upper band. The second antenna design can cover seven-band WWAN/LTE operation. The antenna geometry in the second antenna design is further applied in the third antenna design. In order to meet the practical application of slim handsets, the third antenna design is integrated with a battery element and a metal midplate to decrease the thickness of the handset. The third antenna design can cover seven-band WWAN/LTE operation. Finally, the simulated SAR and HAC results are analyzed for the three proposed antennas. |
目次 Table of Contents |
文字目錄 文字目錄 i 圖形目錄 iii 表格目錄 vi 第一章 序論 (Introduction) 1 1.1 概述 1 1.2 文獻導覽 3 1.3 論文章節提要 4 第二章 結合接地面淨空區間之槽孔/單極天線 (Slot/Monopole Antenna Integrated with a Clearance Region in a Ground Plane) 8 2.1 天線設計結構與技術原理 8 2.2 實驗結果與特性分析 11 2.3心得與討論 25 第三章 WWAN/LTE手機接地面天線 (WWAN/LTE Handset Ground Antenna) 26 3.1天線設計結構與技術原理 26 3.2 實驗結果與分析 29 3.3 心得與討論 40 第四章 整合電池及螢幕金屬支撐板之WWAN/LTE手機接地面天線 (WWAN/LTE Handset Ground Antenna Integrated with Battery and Metal Midplate) 41 4.1天線設計結構與技術原理 42 4.2 實驗結果與特性分析 44 4.3 心得與討論 54 第五章 接地面天線之生物相容性研究(Study of Ground Antenna’s Bio-compatibility) 56 5.1 SAR值之規範與量測介紹 57 5.2 SAR值之模擬結果分析 61 5.3 HAC的規範介紹 68 5.4 HAC模擬測試分析 72 5.5 心得與討論 80 第六章 結論 (Conclusions) 82 參考文獻 (References) 85 個人發表著作/專利表 (Publication List) 90 圖形目錄 圖1.1 結合接地面淨空區間之槽孔/單極天線設計示意圖。 4 圖1.2 WWAN/LTE手機接地面天線示意圖(a)天線之結構圖;(b)形塑接地面配置圖。 5 圖1.3 整合電池及螢幕金屬支撐板之WWAN/LTE手機接地面天線示意圖。 6 圖2.1 圖2.1本天線設計結構示意圖:(a)手機天線設計結構圖;(b)天線細部展開圖及詳細尺寸。 9 圖2.2 本天線設計之實作成品照片(a)正面俯視圖 (b)正面側視圖 (c)背面側視圖。 11 圖2.3 本天線設計之模擬與量測之返回損失圖。 12 圖2.4 本天線設計和參考天線一(Ant1)之返回損失比較圖。 14 圖2.5 本天線設計和參考天線二(Ant2)之返回損失比較圖。 15 圖2.6 本天線設計雙支路單極天線之開口槽孔長度t之參數分析返回損失圖。 16 圖2.7 本天線設計於925 MHz之電流分布與槽孔電場圖(a)槽孔周圍之電流分布圖 (b)槽孔中之電場分布圖。 17 圖2.8 本天線設計和參考天線三(Ant3)之返回損失比較圖。 18 圖2.9 本天線設計雙支路單極天線之第一支路長度d之參數分析輸入阻抗圖。 19 圖2.10 本天線設計雙支路單極天線之第二支路末端長度k之參數分析返回損失圖。 20 圖2.11 本天線設計雙支路單極天線之第二支路變化晶片電感L數值之返回損失圖。 21 圖2.12 本天線設計之天線量測效率圖。 23 圖2.13 本天線設計之量測三維輻射場型圖。 24 圖3.1 本天線設計結構示意圖:(a)手機天線設計結構圖;(b)天線細部展開圖及詳細尺寸。 27 圖3.2 本天線設計之模擬返回損失圖。 29 圖3.3 本天線設計和參考天線一(Ant1)之返回損失比較圖。 30 圖3.4 本天線設計與參考天線一之接地面表面電流圖。 31 圖3.5 為形塑電路板缺口寬度r之參數分析(a)返回損失圖分析;(b)阻抗圖分析。 33 圖3.6 為形塑電路板缺口長度n之返回損失分析圖。 34 圖3.7 本天線設計輻射金屬支路之末端結構長度d之返回損失分析圖。 35 圖3.8 本天線設計輻射金屬支路之末端結構寬度k之返回損失分析圖。 36 圖3.9 本天線設計在饋入端使用晶片電容與直接饋入之阻抗分析圖。 37 圖3.10 本天線設計之天線模擬效率圖。 38 圖3.11 本天線設計之模擬三維輻射場型圖。 39 圖4.1 本天線設計結構示意圖:(a)具有手機天線結構之形塑電路板、電池與螢幕金屬支撐板分解圖;(b)天線側視結構圖;(c)天線組裝及短路點位置圖。 43 圖4.2 本天線設計之實作成品照片(a)天線結構、電池與手機金屬支撐板分解圖;(b)正面天線組裝圖;(c)背面天線組裝圖。 44 圖4.3 本天線設計之模擬與量測之返回損失圖。 45 圖4.4 本天線設計分別對於具有形塑電路板、電池以及螢幕金屬支撐板之返回損失比較圖。 46 圖4.5 本天線設計在形塑電路板之接地面、電池以及螢幕金屬支撐板上之表面電流分布圖(a)於925 MHz之電流分布圖;(b)於1920 MHz之電流分布圖。 48 圖4.6 本天線設計之螢幕金屬支撐板對於浮接與短路連接接地面之4個角落之返回損失分析比較圖。 49 圖4.7 本天線設計之螢幕金屬支撐板對於浮接與短路連接接地面之短路數量之返回損失分析比較圖。 50 圖4.8 本天線設計之天線量測效率圖。 52 圖4.9 本天線設計之量測三維輻射場型圖。 53 圖5.1 使用SEMCAD X模擬頭部及手部之SAR值分析模型示意圖(a)天線於頭部模型之分析;(b)天線於頭部模型與手部模型之分析。 59 圖5.2 第四章之天線設計在考慮頭部與手部模型之輻射效率圖。 64 圖5.3 第二章天線設計在考慮頭部模型時之模擬SAR值的強度分布比較圖。 65 圖5.4 第三章天線設計在考慮頭部模型時之模擬SAR值的強度分布比較圖。 66 圖5.5 第四章天線設計在考慮頭部模型時之模擬SAR值的強度分布比較圖。 67 圖5.6 HAC量測參考平面相對位置示意圖。 69 圖5.7 HAC量測參考平面與手機天線之配置圖(a)第二章天線設計透視側視結構圖(b)第三章天線設計透視側視結構圖 (c)第四章天線設計透視側視結構圖。 71 圖5.8 第二章天線設計於859及925 MHz之模擬HAC值強度分布圖。 74 圖5.9 第二章天線設計於1795、1920以及2045 MHz之模擬HAC值強度分布圖。 75 圖5.10 第三章天線設計於859及925 MHz之模擬HAC值強度分布圖。 76 圖5.11 第三章天線設計於1795以及1920 MHz之模擬HAC值強度分布圖。 76 圖5.12 第三章天線設計於2045、2350以及2595 MHz之模擬HAC值強度分布圖。 77 圖5.13 第四章天線設計於859及925 MHz之模擬HAC值強度分布圖。 78 圖5.14 第四章天線設計於1795及1920 MHz之模擬HAC值強度分布圖。 78 圖5.15 第四章天線設計於2045、2350以及2595 MHz之模擬HAC值強度分布圖。 79 表格目錄 表5.1 為各頻段測試SAR值之輸入功率。 59 表5.2 為IEEE standard 1528內的參數建議值。 60 表5.3 為CTIA 3.1內的手部模型參數建議數值。 61 表5.4 第二章天線設計之各操作頻帶中心頻率點的SAR值。 63 表5.5 第三章天線設計之各操作頻帶中心頻率點的SAR值。 63 表5.6 第四章天線設計之各操作頻帶中心頻率點的SAR值。 64 表5.7 HAC之近場強度等級歸類表。 70 表5.8 HAC測試輸入功率表。 70 表5.9 第二章之天線設計模擬HAC值結果。 73 表5.10 第三章之天線設計模擬HAC值結果。 73 表5.11 第四章之天線設計模擬HAC值結果。 74 |
參考文獻 References |
[1]F. H. Chu and K. L. Wong, "On-board small-size printed LTE/WWAN mobile handset antenna closely integrated with nearby system ground plane," Microwave Opt. Technol. Lett., vol. 53, pp. 1336-1343, Jun. 2011. [2]K. L. Wong, W. Y. Chen, C. Y. Wu and W. Y. Li, "Small-size internal eight-band LTE/WWAN mobile phone antenna with internal distributed LC matching circuit," Microwave Opt. Technol. Lett., vol. 52, pp. 2244-2250, Oct. 2010. [3]S. C. Chen and K. L. Wong, "Planar strip monopole with a chip-capacitor-loaded loop radiating feed for LTE/WWAN slim mobile phone," Microwave Opt. Technol. Lett., vol. 53, pp. 952-958, Apr. 2011. [4]F. H. Chu and K. L. Wong, "Internal coupled-fed dual-loop antenna integrated with a USB connector for WWAN/LTE mobile handset," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol. 59, pp. 4215-4221, Nov. 2011. [5]K. L. Wong, T. W. Kang and M. F. Tu, “Antenna array for LTE/WWAN and LTE MIMO operations in the mobile phone,” Microwave Opt. Technol. Lett., vol. 53, pp. 1569-1573, Jul. 2011. [6]F. H. Chu and K. L. Wong, "Internal coupled-fed loop antenna integrated with notched ground plane for WWAN operation in the mobile handset," Microwave Opt. Technol. Lett., vol. 54, pp. 599-605, Mar. 2012. [7]K. L. Wong, M. F. Tu, C. Y. Wu and W. Y. Li, “On-board 7-band WWAN/LTE antenna with small size and compact integration with nearby ground plane in the mobile phone,” Microwave Opt. Technol. Lett., vol. 52, pp. 2847-2853, Dec. 2010. [8]K. L. Wong, M. F. Tu, C.Y. Wu and W.Y. Li, "On-board 7-band WWAN/LTE antenna with small size and compact integration with nearby ground plane in the mobile phone," Microwave Opt. Technol. Lett., vol. 52, pp. 2846-2853, Dec. 2010. [9]International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP), “Guidelines for limiting exposure to time-varying electric, magnetic, and electromagnetic fields (up to 300 GHz),” Health Phys., vol. 74, pp. 494-522, Apr. 1998. [10]American National Standards Institute (ANSI), “Safety levels with respect to human exposure to radio-frequency electromagnetic field, 3 kHz to 300 GHz,” ANSI/IEEE standard C95.1, Apr. 1999. [11]American National Standards Institute (ANSI), “American National Standard Methods of Measurement of Compatibility between Wireless Communication Devices and Hearing Aids,” C63.19-2007, Revision of ANSI C63.19-2006, Jun. 2007. [12]W. Y. Li and K. L. Wong, "Small-size WWAN loop chip antenna for clamshell mobile phone with hearing-aid compatibility," Microwave Opt. Technol. Lett., vol. 51, pp. 2327-2335, Oct. 2009. [13]K. L. Wong and M. F. Tu, "Hearing aid-compatible internal penta-band antenna for clamshell mobile phone," Microwave Opt. Technol. Lett., vol. 51, pp. 1408-1413, Jun. 2009. [14]T. Y. Wu and K. L. Wong, “On the impedance bandwidth of a planar inverted-F antenna for mobile handsets,” Microwave Opt. Technol. Lett., vol. 32, pp. 249-251, Feb. 20, 2002. [15]P. Vainikainen, J. Ollikainen, O. Kivekas and I. Kelander, “Resonator-based analysis of the combination of mobile handset antenna and chassis,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol. 50, pp. 1433-1444, Oct. 2002. [16]A. Cabedo, J. Anguera, C. Picher, M. Ribo and C. Puente, “Multiband handset antenna combining a PIFA, slots, and ground plane modes,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol. 57, pp. 2526-2533, Sep. 2009. [17]K. L. Wong and C. H. Huang, "Bandwidth-enhanced PIFA with a coupling feed for quad-band operation in the mobile phone," Microwave Opt. Technol. Lett., vol. 50, pp. 683-687, Mar. 2008. [18]C. H. Wu and K. L. Wong, "Internal hybrid loop/monopole slot antenna for quad-band operation in the mobile phone," Microwave Opt. Technol. Lett., vol. 50, pp. 795-801, Mar. 2008. [19]C. I. Lin and K. L. Wong, "Internal multiband loop antenna for GSM/DCS/PCS/UMTS operation in the small-size mobile phone," Microwave Opt. Technol. Lett., vol. 50, pp. 1279-1285, May 2008. [20]K. L. Wong and C. H. Huang, "Printed loop antenna with a perpendicular feed for penta-band mobile phone application," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol. 56, pp. 2138-2141, Jul. 2008. [21]K. L. Wong and C. H. Huang, "Printed PIFA with a coplanar coupling feed for penta-band operation in the mobile phone," Microwave Opt. Technol. Lett., vol. 50, pp. 3181-3186, Dec. 2008. [22]C. H. Chang and K. L. Wong, "GSM850/900/1800/1900/UMTS coupled-fed planar lumda/8-PIFA for internal mobile phone antenna," Microwave Opt. Technol. Lett., vol. 51, pp. 1091-1096, Apr. 2009. [23]K. L. Wong and W. Y. Chen, "Small-size printed loop antenna for penta-band thin-profile mobile phone application," Microwave Opt. Technol. Lett., vol. 51, pp. 1512-1517, Jun. 2009. [24]S. C. Chen and K. L. Wong, "Small-size 11-band LTE/WWAN/WLAN internal mobile phone antenna," Microwave Opt. Technol. Lett., vol. 52, pp. 2603-2608, Nov. 2010. [25]K. L. Wong and C. H. Huang,, "Compact multiband PIFA with a coupling feed for internal mobile phone antenna," Microwave Opt. Technol. Lett., vol. 50, pp. 2487-2491, Oct. 2008. [26]Y. W. Chi and K. L. Wong, "Compact multiband folded loop chip antenna for small-size mobile phone," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol. 56, pp. 3797-3803, Dec. 2008. [27]Y. W. Chi and K. L. Wong, "Very-small-size folded loop antenna with a band-stop matching circuit for WWAN operation in the mobile phone," Microwave Opt. Technol. Lett., vol. 51, pp. 808-814, Mar. 2009. [28]F. H. Chu and K. L. Wong, "Planar Printed Strip Monopole With a Closely-Coupled Parasitic Shorted Strip for Eight-Band LTE/GSM/UMTS Mobile Phone," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol. 58, pp. 3426-3431, Oct. 2010. [29]K. L. Wong and S. C. Chen, "Printed single-strip monopole using a chip inductor for penta-band WWAN operation in the mobile phone," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol. 58, pp. 1011-1014, Mar. 2010. [30]T. W. Kang and K. L. Wong, "Chip-inductor-embedded small-size printed strip monopole for WWAN operation in the mobile phone," Microwave Opt. Technol. Lett., vol. 51, pp. 966-971, Apr. 2009. [31]C. T. Lee and K. L. Wong, "Uniplanar coupled-fed printed PIFA for WWAN/WLAN operation in the mobile phone," Microwave Opt. Technol. Lett., vol. 51, pp. 1250-1257, May 2009. [32]K. L. Wong, P. W. Lin and C. H. Chang, "Simple printed monopole slot antenna for penta-band WWAN operation in the mobile handset," Microwave Opt. Technol. Lett., vol. 53, pp. 1399-1404, Jun. 2011. [33]M. Pascolini, R. W. Schlub, R. Caballero, N. Jin and S. Myers, “Housing structures for optimizing location of emitted radio-frequency signals,” U.S. Patent publication No. 2011/0291896 A1, Dec. 1, 2011. [34]http://www.ansys.com/products/hf/hfss/, ANSYS Corporation HFSS. [35]S. C. Chen and K. L. Wong, "Low-profile, small-size WWAN handset antenna close integration with surrounding ground plane," Microwave Opt. Technol. Lett., vol. 54, pp. 623-629, Mar. 2012. [36]http://www.semcad.com, SEMCAD, Schmid & Partner Engineering AG (SPEAG). [37]CTIA – The Wireless Association, “Test Plan for Mobile Station Over the Air Performance,” Revision 3.1, Jan. 2011. [38]C. H. Li, E. Ofli, N. Chavannes and N. Kuster, “Effects of hand phantom on mobile phone antenna performance,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol. 57, pp. 2763-2770, Sep. 2009. [39]K. L. Wong, W. Y. Chen and T. W. Kang, “On-board printed coupled-fed loop antenna in close proximity to the surrounding ground plane for penta-band WWAN mobile phone,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol. 59, pp. 751-757, Mar. 2011. [40]C. H. Chang and K. L. Wong, “Printed λ/8-PIFA for penta-band WWAN operation in the mobile phone,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol. 57, pp. 1373-1381, May 2009. [41]3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), “User Equipment (UE) Radio Transmission and Reception,” 3GPP TS 36.101 V9.0.0, Jun. 2009. |
電子全文 Fulltext |
本電子全文僅授權使用者為學術研究之目的,進行個人非營利性質之檢索、閱讀、列印。請遵守中華民國著作權法之相關規定,切勿任意重製、散佈、改作、轉貼、播送,以免觸法。 論文使用權限 Thesis access permission:自定論文開放時間 user define 開放時間 Available: 校內 Campus:永不公開 not available 校外 Off-campus:永不公開 not available 您的 IP(校外) 位址是 3.133.79.70 論文開放下載的時間是 校外不公開 Your IP address is 3.133.79.70 This thesis will be available to you on Indicate off-campus access is not available. |
紙本論文 Printed copies |
紙本論文的公開資訊在102學年度以後相對較為完整。如果需要查詢101學年度以前的紙本論文公開資訊,請聯繫圖資處紙本論文服務櫃台。如有不便之處敬請見諒。 開放時間 available 已公開 available |
QR Code |