Responsive image
博碩士論文 etd-0824100-173424 詳細資訊
Title page for etd-0824100-173424
論文名稱
Title
網路輔助英語學習之研究
An Exploratory Study of an Internet-based English Learning Project
系所名稱
Department
畢業學年期
Year, semester
語文別
Language
學位類別
Degree
頁數
Number of pages
116
研究生
Author
指導教授
Advisor
召集委員
Convenor
口試委員
Advisory Committee
口試日期
Date of Exam
2000-07-21
繳交日期
Date of Submission
2000-08-24
關鍵字
Keywords
全球資訊網、電子郵件、電腦輔助語言學習、高中國中跨國英文遠距教學計劃、英語教學、視訊會議
video conference, WWW, e-mail, CALL, AJET, English teaching
統計
Statistics
本論文已被瀏覽 5649 次,被下載 0
The thesis/dissertation has been browsed 5649 times, has been downloaded 0 times.
中文摘要
以往由於國內缺乏一個真實自然的英語環境加上大班級教學方式的限制,國內的英語學習者往往只能經由強記背誦的方式學習片斷知識的拼湊,少有實際應用英語的機會。近年來網路的發達突破了國內英語教學的這項困境,不但為師生開啟了一個新的溝通管道,透過網際網路無遠弗屆的特性,也為英語學習者創造了一個屬實性的英語學習環境。而未來隨著九年一貫課程將資訊教育融入各科教學的實施,利用網路輔助英語學習的方式必將成為一種趨勢。因此,本研究欲透過一個網路英語教學計劃的實施,實際瞭解高中階段實施網路英語教學在理想與現實間的差距,以期研擬出未來相關教學計劃的可行做法。主要的研究目的如下:
一、綜理網路英語教學的理論與研究發現,以找出網路教學成功的要素。
二、瞭解第一年參與網路英語教學計劃的師生於創新導入時期的教學和學習表現,以及學生對於網路英語學習方式的觀感。
三、探討網路英語教學計劃(AJET)實施上的優點與缺失。
四、發掘網路英語教學方式在高中階段學校實施的困難與可行做法。

本研究採取質性研究的方式,針對首次參與「高中國中跨國英文遠距教學」(簡稱AJET計劃)的高雄市某高一班級師生進行研究,樣本學生計有44人且均為男性。研究所包含的網路教學活動有六項,分別為:「群組筆友通信」、「影片討論寫作」、「網頁製作」、「網頁應用課程」、「即時線上討論」以及「視訊會議」。研究期間主要透過電子郵件、AJET網頁和電話聯繫了解活動進行的狀況,並進行學生活動作品的蒐集。研究結束後進行「網路英文學習觀感」問卷調查和師生訪談,並追蹤紀錄學生第二階段網頁比賽的情形。其中,回收後有效的「網路英文學習觀感問卷」共計41份,接受訪談的教師有兩位,學生有10位。所有資料均經由百分比統計分析或質性分析的處理。

本研究的主要發現與結論如下:
一、學生在活動過程中的參與互動情況不佳,需要教師的督導並培養學生主動學習的習慣。
二、教師在網路英語教學計劃的工作負荷過大,難以兼顧行政與教學工作,需要相關人力的支援與配合。
三、學生對於網路英語學習方式抱持著喜歡與肯定的態度,但關於網路學習方式對於英文學習的幫助方面,學生間則持有不同的看法。
四、網路英語教學計劃提供了學生對於新科技的體驗,感受到學習的樂趣,並且擴大了學習的範圍與學習的可能性。
五、網路英語教學計劃的實施需要進行相關觀念的推廣;在活動設計上須考量師生負荷、活動人數、相關訓練的配合;在設備、人力支援協調與人員溝通效率上均待加強。

歸結而言,網路英語教學計劃在理想與現實間雖然存在著一些差距,但仍有繼續發展與推行的價值。研究者最後根據本研究的發現與結論,對於未來在高中階段實施網路英語教學的單位、教師及研究者分別提出若干相關的建議。
Abstract
The lack of a real English environment in Taiwan and big class teaching had long limited the opportunities for Taiwanese English learners to use English. Due to thriving development of internet technology in recent years, the predicament has been broken through. Internet not only opens a new communicational channel for teachers and students, but also creates an authentic environment for English learners. As the new curriculum policy “coherence curriculum of civil education”, which emphasizes on setting information instruction into each subjects, is taken into practice, learning English with internet tools must will become a trend in the future. Therefore, this research examines the distance between the ideal and the reality using an internet-based English teaching project, and probe into some feasible ways to conduct similar program in the future. There were four purposes of this research:
1. To find out the key factors of success in internet-based English teaching from relative theories and former researches.
2. To understand the teacher’s and students’ performances and the students’ reflections during the first half year joining an internet-based English teaching project.
3. To probe into the merits and defects of the internet-based English teaching project, AJET.
4. To discover the difficulties and feasible ways for senior high schools to carry out internet-based English teaching.

The subjects of this research were a senior high school class and their teacher who first joined an internet-based English teaching project named “Advanced Joint English Teaching” (AJET) in Kaohsiung. All 44 students were male. During the research period, they participated in six internet-based teaching activities, which were “group e-mailing,” “web-based course,” “e-mail writing program,” “English homepage design,” “video conference” and “chatroom discussion.” The researcher traced the students’ performances and collected their work pieces mainly through e-mail, AJET homepage and telephone during the research period.
A questionnaire was given to elicit relevant information on the participants’ perception of, and attitudes towards, using the internet technology to complete their Internet-based English projects. Follow-up interview with 10 students and 2 teachers were also collected at the end of the research to understand their reflections on the project. In addition, the students’ performances at the second homepage contest were also recorded.

After data collection, the quantitative and qualitative methods were performed. The quantitative statistic analysis was employed using descriptive analysis to investigate the learners’ perceptions towards the Web-based project. The qualitative analysis made from the student responses to the open-ended questions and the researcher’s observation, provided the opportunity to uncover deeper issues than might have been apparent in a quantitative study. Students’ responses to the open-ended questions were broken down into excerpts, where each excerpt represented one complete answer to a question, including any follow-up questions or clarification by student interviews.

The main findings and conclusions of this research are as follows:
1. The students’ participation and interaction were not good, and need the teacher’s supervision to help them to form active learning habits.
2. The teacher was overloaded in the project and found it difficult to do both administration and teaching. There is a need of others’ coordination.
3. The students liked and approved of English learning through internet, but differed in their opinions about its benefits to English learning.
4. The project provided the students an opportunity to experience new technologies, felt the pleasure of learning and increased their learning possibilities.
5. To carry out an internet-based English project, the project must spread relative concepts, consider the teacher’s and students’ loads, design each activity with proper number of participants, conduct relative training, and enhance the equipment and communicational efficiency.

To sum up, although there is a distance between the ideal and the reality in the internet-based English teaching project, this way of English teaching is worth developing and expanding. Finally, according to the findings of this research, the researcher provides some suggestions for future organizations, teachers and researchers who are interested in this field.
目次 Table of Contents
目 次

第一章 緒論
第一節、研究背景與動機………………………………….…………………...1
第二節、研究目的與待答問題…………………………………………………4
第三節、研究限制………………………………………………………………5
第四節、名詞解釋………………………………………………………………5

第二章 理論基礎與文獻探討
第一節、網路學習環境………………………..…………….………………….7
第二節、網路英語教學的理論基礎…………………………………………..15
第三節、網路環境在英語教學上的應用與實徵研究發現…………………..19
第四節、網路英語學習活動成功的要素……………………………………..27

第三章 研究方法
第一節、研究情境………………………………………………………….….34
第二節、研究對象……………………………………………………………..37
第三節、教學活動設計………………………………………………………..37
第四節、研究工具與資料蒐集……………………….……………………….40
第五節、教學與研究流程……………………………………………………..43
第六節、資料處理與分析…………………………………………….……….44

第四章 研究結果與討論
第一節、學生學習成果與收穫………………………………………………..46
第二節、學生學習情況與各項活動觀感……………………………………..54
第三節、學生對於活動設計與執行的評估…………………………………..61
第四節、學生對於網路英語學習方式的整體觀感…………….…………….65
第五節、實施網路英語教學計劃的困難與問題……………………………..69
第六節、綜合討論與發現…………………………………………….……….75

第五章 研究結論與建議
第一節、研究結論……………………………………………………………..88
第二節、建議部分……………………………………………………………..92

參考文獻
一、中文部分…………………………………………………………………..98
二、英文部分…………………………………………………………………101

附錄
附錄一 網路英文學習觀感問卷……...………………………………..….107
附錄二 「以電子賀卡問候友人」之教案……...………………………….112
附錄三 「影片討論寫作」之原始教案……...…………………………….113
附錄四 「地震」之教案……………………………………………………115
附錄五 「耶誕之夜和千禧願望」之教案…………………………………116

表 次


表2-1 網路學習環境的型態…………………………………………………..9
表2-2 Internet在教學使用上的功能表……………………………………...11
表4-1 學生對於自我表現的評估……………………………………………53
表4-2 學生自評參與活動程度………………………………………………57
表4-3 學生對於AJET計劃的評估………………………………………….61
表4-4 最喜愛和最不喜愛某活動的原因……………………………………63
表4-5 學生對於AJET計劃的活動缺失與改進建議……………………….64
表4-6 學生對於網路英語學習方式的整體看法及參與前後觀感…………65
表4-7 網路英語教學與傳統英語教學之比較………………………………66
表4-8 喜歡討論寫作或獨自寫作之原因……………………………………68
表4-9 學生上網時的心情狀態………………………………………………70
表4-10 學生進行網路英語學習所遭遇的困難與解決策略………………..70


圖 次


圖3-1 AJET網站英文版首頁……………………………………………….34
圖3-2 AJET網路虛擬校園進站畫面……………………………………….35
圖3-3 AJET網路虛擬學園的活動看板…………………………………….35
圖3-4 教學與研究流程………………………………………………………43
圖4-1 學生個人網頁之一……………………………………………………47
圖4-2 學生個人網頁之二……………………………………………………47
圖4-3 關於環保的文章………………………………………………………48
圖4-4 千禧年專文……………………………………………………………48
圖4-5 新年願望………………………………………………………………49
圖4-6 影片討論寫作學生作品之一…………………………………………49
圖4-7 影片討論寫作學生作品之二…………………………………………50
圖4-8 萬聖節的由來…………………………………………………………51
圖4-9 十八個節慶介紹………………………………………………………51
圖4-10 德國食品……..………………………………………………………52
圖4-11 日本料理………………………………………………………..……52
圖4-12 學生每週上網頻率……………………………………..……………56
圖4-13 學生每次上網平均時間………………………………..……………56


參考文獻 References
參考書目
一、中文部分
王立行(民81)。電腦輔助教學的理論與實務探討。資訊與教育雙月刊,29,頁24-35。
王燕超(民87)。資源化學習與網際網路應用規劃。視聽教育雙月刊,39(4),頁7-13。
白琇寶(民84)。電腦網路及其應用—以北一女英語教學活動為例。英語教學,20(2),頁57-67。
朱湘吉(民83)。教學科技的發展:理論與方法。台北:五南。
朱敬先(民69)。兩性差異心理學。台北:台灣商務印書館。
朱錦鳳(民83)。電腦網路的應用及在教學上的評估。教學科技與媒體,17,頁24-28。
江孟蓉譯(民87)。男人女人2分天下。台北:生命潛能文化。
何榮桂、王緒溢(民87)。網際網路教學設計:一個國小之網路教學實驗。第7屆國際電腦輔助教學研討會論文彙編(頁588-595)。台北:文鶴。
何榮桂、郭再興(民85)。多媒體電腦輔助教學在網路上的發展趨勢。資訊與教育,第55期,頁25-31。
吳傑民譯(民86)。了解親密愛人:兩性之間的60個重要差異。台北:聯經。
吳鐵雄、林奇賢、邱瓊慧、孫光天、朱國光、趙美蘭(民87)。電腦網路在台灣中小學教育上之應用研究。第7屆國際電腦輔助教學研討會論文彙編(頁446-453)。台北:文鶴。
李大偉、游光昭(民88)。「即時群播」的教學成效分析。視聽教育雙月刊,40(1),頁1-7。
李世忠(民81)。從電腦教學到超(串連)媒體。教育資料集刊,17,頁303-322。
李旻俐(民87)。AJET第一階段報告。http://ajet.kghs.kh.edu.tw
李旻俐、陳年興(民88)。在彈性教學中運用網際網路工具於教學設計。發表於1999台灣區網際網路研討會「邁向網路新世紀」研討會。
李旻俐、陳年興(民89)。A捷計劃2000行政報告。高中國中跨國英文遠距教學A捷計劃2000,頁1-16。
周中天(民84)。電腦在輔助英語教學上的各種運用之道。中等教育,46(2),頁44-52。
周中天(民85)EFL Learning and Teaching in the Era of InterNet 。英語文教學研究與電腦資訊研討會論文,第3集,頁53-66。
周斯畏(民88)。網路科技對教育的影響:學習環境、學習型式、師生互動、與教學內容的探討。中華管理評論,第3期。http://www.chineseme.com/journal/n5/981025.html
周斯畏、孫思源、朱四明(民88)。遠距教學的應用:進修推廣教育教師與學員的探索性研究。發表於1999台灣區網際網路研討會「邁向網路新世紀」研討會。
岳修平、林一鵬(民87)。網路非同步輔助教學評估計畫。國科會研究計畫。
林至誠(民87)英文寫作與網路出版。師大學報:人文與社會科學類,43(1),頁27-46。
林奇賢(民87)。網路學習環境的設計與應用。資訊與教育,67(10),頁34-50。
邱天助(民84)。電腦網路與終生教育的發展。教學科技與媒體,20,頁10-15。
信世昌(民88)。使用視訊會議系統進行遠距語言教學之探討。第三屆國際電腦多媒體語文教學研討會論文集,頁387-394。
孫至娟(民89)。KGHS AJET學期成果報告。高中國中跨國英文遠距教學A捷計劃2000,頁17-25。
張史如(民87)。從建構主義的觀點探討網路超文件超媒體應用於教學上的意義。資訊與教育雜誌,58,頁39-48。
張玉玲(民88)。透過網頁解決問題之英語互動活動。高雄師大學報,10,頁229-252。
陳立祥(民88)。我國資訊教育推動現況與展望。發表於1999台灣區網際網路研討會「邁向網路新世紀」。
陳年興、王敏煌(民86)。Web上Courseware製作之輔助工具。第八屆國際資訊管理學術研討會論文集,頁667-674。
陳俊仁、李旻俐(民89)。淺談網路聊天室於英語教學上之運用。高中國中跨國英文遠距教學A捷計劃2000,頁44-60。
陳嘉彌(民87)。E-mail 輔助教學策略之探究。中等教育,49(3),頁102-111。
陳璧清、高實玫、史堪龍(民87)。應用網際網路於英文寫作教學實驗之研究。成功大學學報,第三十三卷人文社會篇,頁65-103。
陳璧清、高實玫、史堪龍、李元墩(民86)。網際網路在英文寫作之應用。第六屆中華民國英語文教學國際研討會論文集(頁80-112)。台北:文鶴。
楊家興(民82)。超媒體:一個新的學習工具。教學科技與媒體,12,頁28-39。
楊家興(民84)。情境教學理論與超媒體學習環境。教學科技與媒體,22,頁40-48。
楊淑晴(民89)。營建一個建構式取向的超媒體學習環境。資訊與教育,76,頁3-13。
楊龍立(民87)。建構教學的研究。台北市立師範學院學報,29,頁21-37。
資策會(民89)。FIND網際網路資訊情報中心網站。http://www.find.org.tw
劉蓁蓁(民87)。國小實施遠距教學的教學方法、學習策略及互動之個案研究。台南師院國民教育研究所碩士論文。
劉顯親(民87)。談維歌思基的「認知發展潛能區」和英語教學。第七屆中華民國英語文教學國際研討會論文集第二冊(頁717-725)。台北:文鶴。
鄭晉昌(民87)。運用網際網路於傳統教室學習環境之初探。第七屆國際電腦輔助教學研討會論文集,頁493-499。
戴建耘、翁榮銅(民88)。以Internet平台建構主動學習的教育環境。資訊與教育雜誌,74,頁57-67。
鍾樹椽(民85)。國小學生電腦合作學習之研究:小組友誼、獎勵結構和學生因素之探討。
顏榮泉(民85)。全球資訊網輔助學習系統之建構模式:以生活科技課程為例。國立台灣師範大學工業科技教育學系碩士論文。

二、英文部分
Altwerger, B., Edelsky, C., & Flores, B. (1987). Whole language: What’s new. Reading Teacher, 41, 144-154.
Beauvois, M. H. (1992). Computer-assisted classroom discussion in the foreign language classroom: Conversation in slow motion. Foreign Language Annals, 25(5), 455-464.
Bicknall, J. (1999) Promoting writing and computer literacy skills through student-authored web pages. TESOL Journal, 8(1), 20-26.
Brown, H. D. (1987). Principles of language learning and teaching. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall.
Calvi, C. (1997). Navigation and disorientation: A case study. Journal of Educationa Multimedia and Hypermedia, 6(3/4), 305-320.
Chen, Y. M. (1999). A portfolio approach to EFL university writing instruction. Proceedings of the Sixteenth Conference on English Teaching and Learning in the Republic of China (pp.313-332). Taipei: Crane Publishing Co., LTD.
Chomsky, N. (1975). Reflections on language. NY: Pantheon.
Clark, R. E. (1985). Evidence for confounding in computer-based instruction studies: Analyzing the meta-analyses. Educational Communication and Technology Journal, 33(4), 249-262.
Conklin, J. (1987). Hypertext: An introduction and survey. Computer, 20(9), 17- 41.
Cononelos, T., & Oliva, M. (1993). Using computer networks to enhance foreign language/culture education. Foreign Language Annals, 26(4), 527-534.
Cummins, J. (1988). From the inner city to the global village: The microcomputer as a catalyst for collaborative interchange. Language Culture and Curriculum, 1(1), 1-13.
Dias, P., & Sousa, P. (1997). Understanding navigation and disorientation in hypermedia learning environments. Journal of Educational Multimedia and Hypermedia, 6(2), 173-185.
Dowden, R., & Humphries, S. (1997). Using e-mail in computer assisted freshman composition and rhetoric. T.H.E. Journal, 24(10), 74-75.
Edelsky, C., Altwerger, B., & Flores, B. (1991). Whole language: What’s the difference? Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann Educational Books, Inc.
Emig, J. (1971). The composing processes of twelfth graders. Urbana, IL: National Council of Teachers of English.
Everett, D. R., & Ahern, T. C. (1994). Computer-mediated communication as a teaching tool: A case study. Journal of Research on Computing in Education, 26(3), 336-357.
Fowler, L. S., & Wheeler, D. D. (1991). Online from the K-12 classroom. In Z. L. Berge & M. P. Collins (Eds.), Computer mediated communication and the on-line classroom, Volume one: Overview and Perspectives (pp. 83-100). Cresskill, NJ: Hampton Press, Inc.
Garner, R., & Gillingham, M. G. (1996). Internet communication in six classrooms: conversations across time, space, and culture. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Goodman, K. S. (1986). What’s whole in whole language? Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann.
Green, A. (1997). A beginner's guide to the internet in the foreign language classroom with a focus on the world wide web. Foreign Language Annals, 30(2), 253-264.
Hall, B. W. (1993). Using e-mail to enhance class participation. PS: Political Science & Politics, 26, 757-760.
Harste, J., Woodward, V. & Burke, C. (1984). Language stories and literacy lessons. Portsmouth: Heinemann Educational Books.
Hartman, K., Neuwirth, C. M., Kiesler, S., Sproull, L., Cochran, C., Palmquist, M., & Zubrow, D. (1995). Patterns of social interaction and learning to write: Some effects of network technologies. In Z. L. Berge & M. P. Collins (Eds.), Computer mediated communication. Cresskill, NJ: Hapton Press Inc.
Hartup, W. W. (1992). Having friends, making friends, and keeping friends: relationships as educational contexts. ERIC ED345854.
Heinich, R., Molenda, M., & Russell, J. D. (1993). Instructional Media and the New Technologies of Instruction (4th ed.). New York: Macmillan.
Jonassen, D. H. (1991). Hypertext as instructional design. Educational Technology Research and Development, 39(1), 83-92.
Kelm, O. (1992) The use of synchronous computer networks in second language instruction: A preliminary report. Foreign Language Annals, 25, 441-454.
Kelm, O. R. (1995). E-mail discussion groups in foreign language education: Grammar follow-up. In M. Warschauer (Ed.), Virtual connections: Online activities and projects for networking language learners. Honolulu: University of Hawai’i Press.
Kelm, O. R. (1998). The use of electronic mail in foreign classes. In J. Swaffar et al. (Eds.), Language learning online: Theory and practice in the ESL and L2 computer classroom (pp. 141-153). Austin, Texas: Labyrinth Publications.
Kern, R. (1996). Computer-mediated communication: Using e-mail exchanges to explore personal histories in two cultures. In M. Warschauer (Ed.), Telecollaboration in foreign language learning (pp. 105-119). Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.
Kinkead, J. (1988). Wired: Computer networks in the English classroom. English Journal, 77(7), 39-41.
Lawless, K. A., & Kulikowich, J. M. (1998). Domain knowledge, interest and hypertext navigation: A study of individual differences. Journal of Educational Multimedia and Hypermedia, 7(1), 51-69.
Levin, J. A. (1987). Education on the electronic frontier: Teleapprentices in globally distributed educational contexts. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 12, 254-260.
Levin, J. A., Kim, H., & Riel, M. M. (1990). Analyzing instructional messages on electronic message networks. In L. M. Harasim (Ed.), On-line education: Perspectives on a new environment (pp. 185-213). New York: Praeger.
Lunde, K. (1990).Using electronic mail as a medium for foreign language study and instruction. CALICO Journal, 7, 68-78.
Mayadas, F. (1997). Asynchronous learning networks: A sloan foundation perspective. JALN, 1-16.
Moore, Z. (1999) Technology and teaching culture in the L2 classroom: An introduction. Journal of Educational Computing Research, 20(1), 1-9.
O’Shea, M. R., Kimmel, H., & Novemsky, L. F. (1990). Computer mediated telecommunication and pro-college education: A retrospect. Journal of Educational Computing research, 6(1), 65-67.
Ommagio, A. (1986). Teaching language in context. Boston: Heinle and Heinle.
Oxford, R. (1990). Language learning strategies: What every teacher should know. New York,: Newbery House Publishers.
Poling, D. J. (1994). E-mail as an effective teaching supplement. Educational Technology, 34, 53-55.
Pratt, E., & Sullivan, N. (1994). Comparison of ESL writers in networked and regular classrooms. Paper presented at the 28th Annual TESOL Convention, Baltimore, MD.
Rockville, M. D. (1997). Parents guide to the internet. U. S. Department of Education Washionton, D. C.
Rogers, A., Andres, Y., Jacks, M., & Clauset, T. (1990). Keys to successful telecomputing. The Computing Teacher, 17(8), 25-28.
Rogers, E. M. (1962). Diffusion of innovations. New York: The Free Press.
Santoro, G. M. (1995). What is computer-mediated communication. In Z. L. Berge & M. P. Collins (Eds.), Computer mediated communication and the on-line classroom, Volume one: Overview and perspectives (pp. 11-27). Cresskill, NJ: Hampton Press, Inc.
Schwartz, J.. Sharing writing on an electronic network. [EDRS ED 253 064]
Sotillo, S. (1995). Second language acquisition via the LAN. Chicago, IL: Modern Language Association Convention.
Spivey, N. N.(1997). The constructivist metaphor : Reading, writing, and the making of meaning. San Diego, Calif: Academic Press.
Stanton, N., Taylor, & Tweedie, L. (1992). Maps as navigational aids in hypertext environments: An empirical evaluation. Journal of Educational Multimedia and Hypermedia, 1(4), 431-444.
Tseng, J. J. (1999). Cross-cultural exchange for junior high students in Taiwan: A case study. The Proceedings of the Eighth International Symposium on English Teaching (pp. 539-548).
Vallance, M. (1998) The design and use of an internet resource for business English learners. ELT Journal, 52, 1, 38-42.
Wang, Y. M. (1993). Email dialogue journaling in an ESL reading and writing classroom. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Oregon at Eugene.
Ward, M., & Newlands, D. (1998). Use of the Web in undergraduate teaching. Computer & Education, 31, 171-184.
Warschauer, M. (1995). E-mail for English teaching: Bringing the internet and computer learning networks into the language classroom. Bloomington: Pantagraph Printing.
Warschauer, M. (1997). Computer-mediated collaborative learning: Theory and practice. Modern Language Journal, 81(4), 470-481.
Warschauer, M. (1998) Electronic literacies: language, culture, and power in online education. Mahwah, N.J. : L. Erlbaum Associates.
Watson, D. (1983). What is a whole-language. The Missouri Reader, 7,8-10.
Widdowson, H. G. (1978). Teaching language as communication. London: Oxford University Press.
Yan, S. C. (1998). The world wide web as an EFL writing tool. The Proceedings of the Seventh International Symposium on English Teaching, 897-905.
Yang, S. C. (in press). Computer-mediated language learning. Journal of
Computer Assisted Language Learning.
電子全文 Fulltext
本電子全文僅授權使用者為學術研究之目的,進行個人非營利性質之檢索、閱讀、列印。請遵守中華民國著作權法之相關規定,切勿任意重製、散佈、改作、轉貼、播送,以免觸法。
論文使用權限 Thesis access permission:校內校外均不公開 not available
開放時間 Available:
校內 Campus:永不公開 not available
校外 Off-campus:永不公開 not available

您的 IP(校外) 位址是 3.17.5.68
論文開放下載的時間是 校外不公開

Your IP address is 3.17.5.68
This thesis will be available to you on Indicate off-campus access is not available.

紙本論文 Printed copies
紙本論文的公開資訊在102學年度以後相對較為完整。如果需要查詢101學年度以前的紙本論文公開資訊,請聯繫圖資處紙本論文服務櫃台。如有不便之處敬請見諒。
開放時間 available 已公開 available

QR Code