在現代的科學應用領域中，有一些科學應用需要做非常大量並且長距離、但是並沒有及時性的資料傳送；例如高能物理應用以及氣候建模應用。這一類的傳輸一直都是網路研究的重點之一。而這些科學應用在傳送資料時有專門的線路以及特殊的傳輸協定，但是這些特殊的傳輸協定在一般大眾共同使用的網路中，會不公平地去爭取頻寬，導致一般TCP無法取得應有的頻寬。本論文的目的就是，希望能設計一個傳輸協定，不僅僅能夠在特殊的線路下傳輸這些科學應用的大量資料，也能夠於一般大眾共同使用的網路中，在不影響其他一般的TCP運作之下，利用一些非顛峰的時段或者是一般TCP所無法充分利用的網路頻寬，來傳送這些非常大量並且不具及時性的資料。我們以Rate-Based為出發點，並且利用Packet-Pair Measure的量測方式去設計一個傳輸控制的協定，一個以速率為基礎的傳輸協定RCTP（Rate Control Transmission Protocol）。最後經由模擬實驗證明，我們的RCTP在確實能夠於一般大眾共同使用的網路中，在不影響其他一般的TCP運作之下，充分利用TCP無法傳輸的頻寬。

Many applications in modern science need to transmit extremely massive amount of data over wide area networks. These data usually do not need stringent real-time requirements but require large bandwidth to finish transmission with unreasonable time. High-energy physics experiments and climate modeling and analysis are typical examples of such applications. As TCP is known to perform inefficiently over networks of large delay-bandwidth product, efficient transmission of this kind of massive, non-real-time data has been heavily studied in the past. The previous results work well in dedicated networks but will compete for fair share of bandwidth with normal TCP connections if they operate in the public networks. The objective of this thesis is to design a new transmission protocol for the above applications that can operate in the public networks without affecting normal TCP connections. The new protocol is called Rate Control Transmission Protocol (RCTP). The idea is to apply the packet-pair measurement technique to measure the bandwidth share in the network for the transmission. The sending rate is based on that measurement and is precisely compensated by the RTT variance measurement. Due to the RTT compensation, RCTP can efficiently utilize the unused bandwidth in the network while not affecting the normal TCP transmissions, making it perfect for transmitting massive, non-real-time data in the public networks.

致 謝 I
中 文 摘 要 II
英 文 摘 要 III
目 錄 IV
圖 表 目 錄 VI

第１章 導 論 1
1.1 研究動機 1
1.2 相關文獻 1
1.4 章節介紹 3

第２章 研究背景 4
2.1 TCP傳輸控制的簡介 4
2.1.1 緩慢啟動（Slow Start） 5
2.1.2 壅塞避免（Congestion Avoidance） 5
2.2.3 緩慢啟動臨界值 6
2.1.4 壅塞回應 6
2.2 TCP的模擬 7
2.2.1 TCP的模擬實驗一 7
2.2.2 TCP的模擬實驗二 10
2.2.3 TCP的模擬實驗三 12
2.2.4 TCP的模擬實驗四 14
2.3 Packet-Pair Measure 16
2.3.1 Packet-Pair Measure 的運作 16
2.3.2 Packet-Pair Measure 的計算 17

第３章 Rate Control Transmission Protocol 的實作與設計 19
3.1 RCTP的基本運作 20
3.2 Packet-Pair Measure的公平性 22
3.3 RCTP的四種機制 24
3.3.1 初速度量測機制（Initial Measure） 25
3.3.2 Packet-Pair量測機制（Packet-Pair Measure） 25
3.3.3 量測錯誤的補償機制（Measurement-mismatch Compensation） 26
3.3.4 隨機的RTT補償機制（Randomized RTT Compensation） 28
3.4 RCTP的整理與優點 30

第４章 模擬結果 32
4.1 環境設定 32
4.2 模擬結果 33
4.2.1 RCTP與UDP的模擬實驗 34
4.2.2 多條RCTP的模擬實驗 36
4.2.3 RCTP與TCP的模擬實驗 38

第５章 結論與未來工作方向 41
5.1 結論 41
5.2 未來工作方向 42

參考文獻 45

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