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博碩士論文 etd-0824111-170238 詳細資訊
Title page for etd-0824111-170238
論文名稱
Title
應用Risk Base Inspection系統探討石化企業風險經營模式
Studying the Risk Management Model of Petrochemical Enterprises by Risk Base Inspection System
系所名稱
Department
畢業學年期
Year, semester
語文別
Language
學位類別
Degree
頁數
Number of pages
103
研究生
Author
指導教授
Advisor
召集委員
Convenor
口試委員
Advisory Committee
口試日期
Date of Exam
2011-06-09
繳交日期
Date of Submission
2011-08-24
關鍵字
Keywords
企業風險、RBI、API-581、風險基準檢查、經營管理、後果分析、量化評估
API-581, business administration, RBI, business risk, consequence analysis, risk base inspection, quantitative analysis
統計
Statistics
本論文已被瀏覽 5812 次,被下載 874
The thesis/dissertation has been browsed 5812 times, has been downloaded 874 times.
中文摘要
摘 要
企業公司依風險基準檢查(Risk Base Inspection, RBI)制定的檢查計畫不只鎖定高風險之設備,更期望透過無止盡的學習與努力對低風險設備在遭受威脅前檢出潛在的劣化。風險是無法避免的,但可透過管理的機能降低 風險發生的機率及損失。所以導入RBI之檢查有利於培養企業的檢查能力及技術,並可透過有效的檢測規劃,確保設備及管線的完整性。各國對RBI 之興趣正逐漸增加中,工業界更視API-581為一個善用檢查資源的方法,且於適當場所,可因延長運作時間而減少檢查之業務量,且將檢查聚焦於最高風險設備。各國管理當局正評估改變定期開槽檢查的策略而執行依風險之檢查計劃對操作者安全之效果,並考量避免徒增停車開槽檢查之工安事故、環境污染、對設備造成的危害及對企業產值乃至整體產業鏈的影響。
隨著科技的進步、檢測技術的提升、材料特性的掌握及相關管理系統的日趨完整,不論歐美日等工業先進國家,甚至韓國及東南亞等國家,其石化工廠之鍋爐、第一種壓力容器及高壓氣體特定設備等,均以固定週期開放檢查的方式,逐步同意事業單位可以依據設備之安全狀況,實施延長設備定期檢查或替代檢查相關措施;此等方案之推行一方面強化了事業單位的自主安全管理的水準;另一方面亦提升了危險性設備的安全檢測技術;並兼顧到事業單位在企業管理競爭方面之需求。因此鼓勵業者投入建立設備腐蝕裂化機制、風險基準檢查評估機制、設備維修保養資料庫管理及較深入且廣泛的運轉中設備檢查,以主動先期找出設備的潛在劣化或腐蝕或設備高風險之作為,實質面提高業界在設備安全管理面的水平。運用安全風險技術的觀點,探討經營管理,執行風險基準檢查方法,分析完整性經營管理模式,並探討與建立一個生命週期經營管理。
關鍵字:API-581、RBI、企業風險、經營管理、量化評估、後果分析、風險基準檢查
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Redirecting the inspection plan to place emphasis on high risk equipment items is not the only objective when implementing Risk Base Inspection (RBI). Rather it would be much more fruitful if company staff were educated to be equipped with the capability of identifying potential risks and were willing to actually put into real practice in eliminating all these potential threats to an enterprise. Since its release, the API-580 technology has seen growing acceptance and becomes a popular methodology in maintaining the mechanical integrity of pressure equipment and piping. In addition to U.S.A, many other country including European nations and Japan have also assimilated the same risk concepts into regulations that require plant operators to aim for practical performance of equipment management, not at the extent of obligations required by the government.
Such a risk-based concept is not just incorporated in regulations, when utilized in close conjunction with plant maintenance and inspection, becomes a powerful tool in helping determine optimal inspection intervals of pressure equipment. In order for the equipment management system to perform effectively, fundamental tasks such as failure mechanisms identification and effectiveness of inspection methods are keys to a successful RBI program. Some might question Risk Base Inspection (RBI) to be a conservative, less aggressive approach that rather than opting for more aggressive managerial methods, it recommends to focus on the whole life cycle of plant equipment.
Keywords: API-581、RBI、business risk、business administration、quantitative analysis、consequence analysis、risk base inspection
目次 Table of Contents
目 錄
中文摘要 i
英文摘要 ii
第一章 緒論 1
第一節 研究背景與動機 2
第二節 研究目的 4
第三節 研究流程與架構 5
第四節 研究範圍與限制 6
第五節 風險管理意涵 9
第二章 文獻探討 13
第一節 企業風險 13
第二節 企業應變探討 16
第三節 企業經營策略探討 22
第四節 RBI技術之應用 29
第三章 個案研究 44
第一節 個案公司介紹 45
第二節 海底管線檢查 45
第三節 毒性冷凍儲槽以RBI方式進行檢查 46
第四章 研究設計&方法 48
第一節 個案研究 48
第二節 企業經營風險研究 56
第三節 API RBI之後果分析概覽 60
第四節 API RBI之評估計算 62
第五章 實證分析 68
第一節 風險考量因子 69
第二節 應變策略的做法 71
第三節 安全因素 77
第四節 人員因素 78
第五節 實證分析結果 84
第六章 結論與建議 87
第一節 研究結論 88
第二節 研究建議 89
参考文獻 91


表次
表 2-1、管理修正主要項目 31
表 2-2、損壞係數主要項目 32
表 2-3、後果影響主要項目 32
表 2-4、健康影響主要項目 33
表 4-1、國際重大工安事故紀錄表 50
表 4-2、石化業近年重大工安事故記錄表 51
表 5-1、評估分析案例基本資料表 71
表 5-2、偵測與隔離系統表 72
表 5-3、洩漏降低係數表 72
表 5-4、洩漏降低係數表 73
表 5-5、減緩降低係數表 74
表 5-6、工廠(十五工場)高削減係數分析表 81
表 5-7、工廠(十五工場)低削減係數分析表 81
表 5-8、工廠高削減係數分析表 82
表 5-9、工場低削減係數分析表 82
表 5-10、各係數參數表 83


圖次
圖 1-1、企業風險類別分佈圖 3
圖 1-2、研究流程與架構圖 6
圖 1-3、研究範圍與限制圖 7
圖 2-1、定性程式輸入流程圖 30
圖 2-2、半定量洩漏量/速率程式評估流程圖 34
圖 2-3、半定量可能性分析程式評估流程圖 35
圖 2-4、半定量可燃性後果程式評估流程圖 36
圖 2-5、半定量毒性後果程式評估流程圖 37
圖 2-6、半定量風險分析程式評估流程圖 38
圖 2-7、減薄損傷因子評估流程圖 40
圖 2-8、後果分析流程圖 42
圖 2-9、API RBI 風險計算原則圖 43
圖 4-1、石化業煉製廠圖 52
圖 4-2、南亞嘉義二廠工安事故 53
圖 4-3、南亞發生大火外部情況圖 55
圖 4-4、研究架構圖 58
圖 4-5、風險的演化圖 62
圖 5-1、企業經營風險評估流程圖 68
圖 5-2、設備風險類型圖 69
圖 5-3、評估計算參數圖 70
圖 5-4、安全係數圖 73
圖 5-5、企業風險評估整體圖 75
圖 5-6、企業風險評估整體第一階段圖 75
圖 5-7、企業風險評估整體第二階段圖 76
圖 5-8、企業風險評估~毒性後果圖 77
圖 5-9、企業風險評估~化學後果圖 79
圖 5-10、企業風險評估~總後果圖 80
圖 5-11、企業經營風險模式圖企業風險評估~總後果圖 84
圖 6-1、企業風險管理系統RBI圖企業風險評估~總後果圖 87
圖 6-2、企業風險管理系統RBI-後果分析圖企業風險評估~總後果圖 88
參考文獻 References
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