反流器通常需要市電電壓資訊以避免因非同步併網所造成的暫態電流。本文提出一個無縫過渡的方法使得反流器能夠在沒有市電電壓資訊情況下隨時併聯至電網。反流器的控制模式主要由下降控制模式與過渡模式所構成；在下降控制模式時，反流器可以並聯連接電網且根據其額定容量提供功率。另一方面，利用過渡模式抑制非同步併網所產生的暫態電流。在這個模式中，透過零電流控制以抑制相位差所造成的暫態電流，並且設計一個鎖相迴路更新反流器輸出電壓的相位。此外，利用虛擬電感改善控制模式轉為下降控制模式瞬間所造成的暫態電流。並提出無縫過渡方法的設計考量以及由測試結果證實此控制方法的可行性。

The grid voltage is normally required to avoid transient current of the inverter due to asynchronously grid-paralleling connection. This paper presents a seamless transition method to allow the inverter to connect to the grid at any time with no requirement of the grid voltage. The control of the inverter consists of the droop control and the riding-through control. In the droop-controlled mode, the inverter can connect to the utility and supply power according to its rated capacity. On the other hand, the riding-through mode is proposed to suppress the transient current due to asynchronous paralleling. In this mode, the zero-current control is realized to reduce transient current and a phase-locked loop is designed to correct the angle of the inverter output voltage. In addition, the virtual inductance is implemented to improve transient current resulting from the mode transition back to the droop control mode. Design considerations of the seamless transition method are provided and test results are conducted to verify its effectiveness.

論文審定書 i
誌謝 ii
摘要 iii
Abstract iv
目錄 v
圖目錄 viii
表目錄 xiii
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 簡介 1
1.2 研究動機與目的 2
1.3 論文架構 3
第二章 文獻回顧 5
2.1 簡介 5
2.2 電壓控制之分散式電源 5
2.3 實功率-頻率、虛功率-電壓振幅下降控制器 7
2.4 分散式發電系統併聯之控制策略 13
2.4.1 鎖相迴路 13
2.4.2 動態虛擬電感 15
2.5 反流器小訊號模型 17
2.6 電壓變動之相關規範 20
2.7 總結 23
第三章 電路動作原理 24
3.1 簡介 24
3.2 動作原理 24
3.2.1 下降控制模式 27
3.2.1.1 參考電壓產生器 27
3.2.1.2 多迴路電壓控制器 28
3.2.2 過渡模式 28
3.2.2.1 電流控制 28
3.3.2.2 相位切換策略 30
3.3.2.3 動態虛擬電感 30
3.3 總結 32
第四章 設計考量與模擬分析 33
4.1 簡介 33
4.2 多迴路電壓控制頻率響應分析 34
4.3 下降控制器設計 38
4.3.1 實功率-頻率、虛功率-電壓下降係數考量分析 39
4.3.2 傳輸線阻抗對系統之分析 41
4.4 動態虛擬電感值設計 43
4.5 延遲時間的設定 46
4.6 模擬結果 49
4.6.1 孤島運轉 49
4.6.2 分散式發電系統併網 56
4.7 總結 66
第五章 實驗結果 67
5.1 簡介 67
5.2 孤島運轉 70
5.3 分散式電源併網 77
5.4 總結 87
第六章 結論與未來研究方向 88
6.1 結論 88
6.2 未來研究方向 89
參考文獻 90
附錄 93
A. 實驗機台照片 93
B. 實驗使用之DSP晶片介紹 95

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