摘 要
台灣營養師的發展將近二十年，從經濟繁榮的八0年代至今，歷經國人的十大死因由急性病症轉換為慢性病症，營養師的角色也由團膳管理走向營養教育與諮詢。在八0年代減重風氣席捲整個台灣社會，當時一般大眾對營養師的專業指導趨之若鶩，然而現今減重的風潮漸漸平息，代之而起的是各種慢性病的飲食療法，營養師仍然佔有維持健康團隊及預防醫學中很重要的角色。但是國內對營養師的研究非常少，因此，作者希望藉由此篇研究達到拋磚引玉的效果。
本研究的目的有三個：1.了解國內營養師職業承諾的情形；2. 確立影響營養師職業承諾的各項因素；3. 驗證職業承諾與工作表現及轉業傾向的關係。
研究者將利用個別訪談，初步探討不同工作性質的營養師對於本身職業的看法與期望，並參考文獻發展出實證的研究架構及調查問卷，以全台灣在職的營養師當作對象，深入探討她們對於職業承諾及影響其各項因素的情形。
研究的結果如下：
1.營養師的人口變項中與職業承諾有顯著相關的只有性別、職位與任職場所，其中女性比男性職業承諾高，主管比非主管職業承諾高，而在瘦身中心的營養師職業承諾高於在醫院、學校及其他場所工作者。
2.影響營養師職業承諾的因素中與職業承諾的關係，內外控呈顯著的負相關，工作投入、工作滿意、組織承諾、外部環境感受等皆呈非常顯著的正相關，顯示內控型的人有較高的職業承諾，並且增強營養師的正向影響因素可提升職業承諾。
3.營養師的職業承諾中以情感性承諾最強，規範性承諾最弱，且對情感性最具影響力的是工作滿意，由此可知，加強工作滿意的各項做法應該是管理營養師人力資源者最迫切要做的事。
4.職業承諾所影響的結果以工作表現及轉業傾向來呈現，工作表現與職業承諾呈顯著的正相關（尤其是情感性承諾相關性最顯著），轉業傾向與職業承諾呈顯著的負相關，表示職業承諾高的營養師工作表現也較好，對轉業的意願也較低。
關鍵詞：職業承諾、內外控、工作投入、工作滿意、組織承諾、工作表現、轉業傾向。

Abstract

The development of the nutritionist will be twenty years in Taiwan. The role of nutritionist is changed from meals management of group to education and consulting of nutrition in the period of the prosperous eighties till now. In the meantime, the top ten causes of death are changed from emergency medical case to chromic disease in Taiwan. The custom of weight reduction is spread over Taiwan in the eighties. The general public is eager to receive the instruction of nutritionist. However, the diet therapy of various chromic diseases takes place of weight reduction that is gradually disappeared in Taiwan now. The nutritionist still play important role in maintenance of healthy group and preventive medicine. There are few local researches to be related with the nutritionist. I hope to achieve the effect of promotion by means of this research.

There are three destinations in this research. One, the occupational commitment of local nutritionist is understood. Two, the factor is ascertained by the influence of occupational commitment of local nutritionist. Third, the relationship between occupational commitment and leave attitude is confirmed.

The researcher initially discusses how viewpoint and expectation of nutritionist is influenced by various occupations through individual interview. And then the evidential research structure and questionnaire is developed to investigate occupational commitment and its influence factors of local occupational nutritionist.

The result of research is listed below:

1. Occupational commitment is evident relevant to the gender, position of occupation and location of occupation that is belongs to the variation factors of nutritionist. Among the investigation, occupational commitment of female is stronger that the occupational commitment of male, and occupational commitment of manager is stronger that occupational commitment of non-manager, nutritionist of body fitness center gives much commitment than the nutritionist of hospital, school and other location.
2. Occupational commitment is negative evident relevant to locus of control that is one influence factor of occupational commitment. Occupational commitment is positive evident relevant to work involvement, work satisfaction, organizational commitment and feeling of external environment. The employee that has personality of self-control has more occupational commitment. Occupational commitment of nutritionist can be enhanced by the positive influence factors of occupational commitments.
3. Sentimental commitment is stronger and standard commitment is weak between the occupational commitments of nutritionist. Work satisfaction is much influenced by sentimental commitment. The human resource manager of nutritionist urgently implements the various policies to enhance work satisfaction.
4. Work performance is evident positive relevant to occupational commitments, especially the relevance of sentimental commitment is much evident. Leave attitude is evident negative relevant to occupational commitments. The higher occupational commitment of nutritionist has the better work performance and poor leave attitude.

Key words: occupational commitments, locus of control, work involvement, work satisfaction, organizational commitment, work performance, leave attitude.

目 錄
第一章 緒論
第一節 研究背景與動機………………………………………………1
第二節 研究目的………………………………………………………6
第三節 研究流程………………………………………………………7
第二章 文獻探討
第一節 職業承諾………………………………………………………9
第二節 影響職業承諾的因素…………………………………………13
第三節 職業承諾的結果因素…………………………………………22
第三章 預備研究
第一節 研究設計………………………………………………………26
第二節 個案訪談分析…………………………………………………30
第三節 個案訪談結果討論……………………………………………43
第四章 實證調查研究
第一節 研究設計………………………………………………………48
第二節 研究結果………………………………………………………53
第三節 實證調查研究結果討論………………………………………67
第五章 結論與建議
第一節 結論……………………………………………………………72
第二節 研究建議………………………………………………………76
參考文獻………………………………………………………………………78
附錄一 個案訪談記錄………………………………………………………83
附錄二 研究問卷……………………………………………………………99

表目錄
表1-1 十大死因及死亡人數年增率比較表…………………………………..1
表1-2 歷年來營養師服務場所的比例………………………………………3
表1-3 現今美國員工最重視的價值觀………………………………………..4
表2-1工作所能達成知不同目的…………………………………………….. 16
表3-1 預訪個案基本資料表…………………………………………………..26
表3-2 正式訪談個案基本資料表……………………………………………..27
表4-1-1 各地區公會的人數…………………………………………………..51
表4-1-2 樣本之描述性統計分析……………………………………………..52
表4-2-1 內外控信度分析……………………………………………………..54
表4-2-2 工作投入的因素分析………………………………………………..55
表4-2-3 工作滿意的因素分析………………………………………………..56
表4-2-4 組織承諾的信度分析………………………………………………..57
表4-2-5 情感性的信度分析…………………………………………………..58
表4-2-6 持續承諾的信度分析………………………………………………..58
表4-2-7 規範性承諾的信度分析……………………………………………..58
表4-2-8 工作表現的因素分析………………………………………………..60
表4-2-9 轉業傾向的信度分析………………………………………………..60
表4-2-10 變項描述性統計分析………………………………………………61
表4-2-11 人口變項與職業承諾之相關分析…………………………………61
表4-2-12 任職場所對各職業承諾因素的單因子變異數分析………………62
表4-2-13 任職場所之各變項因素描述性統計………………………………63
表4-2-14 變數因素與職業承諾之相關分析.………………………...………63
表4-2-15 變數因素與職業承諾之複迴歸分析………………………………65
表4-2-16 職業承諾與結果因素之複迴歸分析………………………………66

圖目錄
圖1-1 研究流程圖…………………………………………………………….7
圖4-1 營養師職業承諾及其影響因素架構圖……………………………….48

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