海洋環境噪音（Ocean Ambient Noise）是影響聲納效能的重要參數之ㄧ，若能準確預估海洋環境噪音，即可大幅提升聲納系統之預估效能；另一方面，海洋環境噪音是由許多複雜的機制所組成，如生物、風浪、船舶等聲源，因此必須利用長時間的觀察，並利用統計方法分析其特性。當海洋環境噪音資料隨著時間不斷累積，如何管理、保存、與應用這些資料，就是目前必須面對的課題。本研究利用西南海域與東北海域之聲學資料，配合小琉球與大鵬灣的資料浮標以及彭佳嶼氣象站的風速資料，將資料庫建立於Microsoft Office Access，利用此資料庫管理系統（Database Management System）建構海洋環境噪音資料庫。海洋環境噪音資料庫資料庫之架構符合實體關係模式（Entity-Relationship Model）、關聯模式（Relational Model）、正規化（Normalization）等資料庫理論與規範，藉以降低資料庫的複雜度，並增加資料搜尋之效率。本論文利用MATLAB建立時頻譜圖、時間序列、風速迴歸以及頻譜趨勢等四種分析功能的圖形化使用者介面（Graphical User Interface），並透過各介面進行環境噪音的分析。根據時頻譜圖、時間序列以及頻譜趨勢的分析結果，西南海域春、夏兩季夜間的低頻環境噪音受到間歇性不明高位準聲源的影響，造成此時段的低頻環境噪音比日間高約8 ~ 10 dB。透過各組聲學資料與風速資料的風速迴歸結果可知，在資料充足的情況下利用鄰近聲學資料位置的風速資料進行迴歸分析是可行的；由颱風效應之分析可知，1 ~ 8 kHz的環境噪音位準會因為颱風的影響而大幅提升。除此之外，本資料庫也將持續進行資料的收集與新增，並加入網路功能提升本資料庫使用上的方便性。

Ocean ambient noise is one of the important parameters which affect sonar system performance. If the ocean ambient noise is estimated accurately, the prediction accuracy of sonar system performance can be promoted significantly. Ocean ambient noise includes various and diverse sources, so the characteristics of the ocean ambient noise should be analyzed by long-term observations and statistical methods. Therefore, ocean ambient noise database was developed to facilitate management, preservation, and application of these datasets which increase with time. There were two datasets of acoustic and three datasets of wind speed in this database at this point. To develop this database systematically, this study applied Entity-Relationship Model to describe the relationship between different data and Relational Model to design the required categories. The database was constructed based on Microsoft Office Access, and user-friendly graphical interfaces based on MATLAB were provided for users: wind speed regression, time series, spectrogram, and spectrum tendency for users to query the database. As the results of analysis, the intermittent, unknown, and high-level sources at southwestern sea of Taiwan in spring and summer made the noise level of low frequency about 8 to 10 dB higher in the night-time than that in the day-time. According to wind speed regression analysis, if there were sufficient data, the method would be practicable to pick a wind speed data nearby the location of acoustic data for noise estimation. As the results of the typhoon effects analysis, the noise level of 1 to 8 kHz was increased significantly by typhoons. Besides, the noise level didn’t decrease immediately and significantly after the pass of typhoon because of southwestern air current caused typhoon. After the database was developed, new acoustic data will keep being measured and collected, and the network capability will be integrated into the database to make the database more accessible to users.

摘要.............................................. i
Abstract........................................ ii
目錄............................................. iii
符號索引..................................... vi
表目錄........................................ vii
圖目錄......................................... ix
第一章 緒論................................. 1
1.1 研究背景............................... 1
1.2 環境噪音相關文獻................. 4
1.3 資料庫相關資料.................... 8
1.3.1 海洋資料庫........................ 8
1.3.2環境噪音資料庫.................. 9
1.4 研究目的............................. 13
第二章 理論與方法.................... 14
2.1 資料庫理論.......................... 14
2.1.1 資料庫簡介....................... 14
2.1.2 資料模式.......................... 15
2.1.3 資料庫管理系統............... 16
2.1.4 實體關係模式................... 17
2.1.5 關聯模式.......................... 21
2.1.6 正規化.............................. 23
2.2 統計方法............................. 26
2.2.1 基礎統計方法................... 26
2.2.2 迴歸分析.......................... 28
第三章 資料庫之建構................ 31
3.1 實驗資料............................. 31
3.1.1 聲學實驗儀器................... 31
3.1.2 聲學資料.......................... 33
3.1.3 風速資料.......................... 34
3.1.4 資料格式.......................... 36
3.2 資料庫之建構...................... 37
3.2.1 資料庫架構...................... 37
3.2.2 實體關係圖與關聯模式.... 37
3.2.3 資料庫效能測試............... 42
3.2.4 圖形化使用者介面............ 43
第四章 資料庫之應用................ 48
4.1 海洋環境噪音之分析........... 48
4.1.1 時頻譜圖分析................... 48
4.1.2 時間序列分析................... 51
4.1.3 頻譜趨勢分析................... 60
4.2 風速迴歸分析...................... 69
4.3 颱風效應............................. 75
第五章 結論與建議.................... 81
5.1 結論.................................... 81
5.2 建議.................................... 82
參考文獻.................................... 84

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