最近五年國人因酒後駕車失控肇事平均每年約有323件，奪走306人生命、造成297人受傷，並衍生諸多社會成本。雖然政府部門意識到問題的嚴重性，於近年來針對酒後駕車行為採取連串措施，大幅提高處罰規定並以刑法伺候，期降低國人酒後駕車之惡習，惟其所造成的慘劇仍一再上演。政府部門類似公權力之執行，往往相當主觀的從法制面觀點著手，國內相關問題的研究探討，也著重在執法層面，而根據國外研究顯示，藉由風險溝通傳達風險訊息以改變民眾的風險知覺，可進而促成行為的改變。本研究將從執法者、酒後駕車風險的自願性群體與受迫性群體對酒後駕車風險知覺的認知角度切入，以資訊整合理論(Information Integration Theory, 1981)的實驗方式探討相關群體對酒後駕車風險的「機率資訊」及「結果資訊」之整合代數模式及其風險知覺水準，研究結果如下：
一、認知代數模式

Over the past five years, an average of about 323 traffic accidents that were caused by drunk driving occurred in Taiwan every year, resulting in 306 deaths and injuring 297 people and costing Taiwan society a lot. Concerned government agencies have recognized this harsh problem and taken measures as a counteract, for example, imposing heavy fines and punishing the driver with penal code, in order to discourage this poor habit of drunk driving. However, the tragedies caused by drunk driving have not abated. Government agencies usually execute public powers from the subjective perspective of statutory law, and similarly the research and investigation of related problems conducted in Taiwan usually emphasize the enforcement aspect. However, the results of foreign research indicate that risk message can be conveyed through risk communication so as to change the public’s risk perception, resulting in their changes in behavior. This study began with the cognitive perspective of the risk of drunk driving perceived by the law enforcers, voluntary group of drunk driving risk, and pressured group of drunk driving risk, and used the experimental method of Information Integration Theory to investigate the integrated algebra model of each concerned group’s “probability information” and “outcome information” of drunk driving risk and its level of risk perception. The findings are as follows:


I. Cognitive algebra model
(I) On drunk driving cases with high-probability, low-outcome risk of being stopped, the law enforcers as a whole used the multiplying model, while the drunk driving group and the ordinary driving group used the equal-weight averaging model to integrate the information.

(II) On drunk driving cases with low-probability, high-outcome risk of causing traffic accidents, the law enforcers, the drunk driving group, and the ordinary group all used the adding model, with more emphasis on the outcome information.

(III) On drunk driving cases with high-probability, low-outcome risk of being stopped, most people used the equal-weight averaging model, and they used the adding model on the cases of low-probability, high-outcome risk of causing traffic accidents.


II. Risk perception
(I) The drunk driving group had the highest risk perception on the type of high-probability, low-outcome risk of being stopped drunk driving, the ordinary group had the second highest risk perception, and the law enforcers had the lowest risk perception.

(II) The ordinary group had the highest risk perception on the type of low-probability, high-outcome risk of drunk driving causing traffic accidents, the drunk driving group had the second highest risk perception, and the law enforcers had the lowest risk perception.

第一章 緒………………………………………………………………1
第一節 研究背景及動機…………………………………………… 1
第二節 研究目的…………………………………………………… 4
第三節 研究架構與範圍…………………………………………… 5
第四節 研究流程…………………………………………………… 7
第二章 文獻探討………………………………………………………… 9
第一節 酒精與駕駛行為…………………………………………… 9
第二節 風險與風險知覺……………………………………………15
第三節 決策與判斷理論……………………………………………26
第三章 資訊整合理論……………………………………………………30
第一節 基本概念……………………………………………………30
第二節 資訊整合模式………………………………………………31
第三節 政策意涵……………………………………………………36
第四章 研究方法…………………………………………………………39
第一節 實驗設計……………………………………………………40
第二節 施測程序……………………………………………………41
第五章 結果分析…………………………………………………………44
第一節 資訊整合模式………………………………………………44
第二節 風險知覺比較………………………………………………81

第三節 結果與意涵……………………………………………………83
第六章 結論與後續研究……………………………………………………88
第一節 研究結果與討論………………………………………………88
第二節 風險溝通………………………………………………………92
第三節 研究限制與後續研究建議……………………………………95
參考文獻………………………………………………………………………97
附錄…………………………………………………………………………101

一、 中文部分