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博碩士論文 etd-0827103-165423 詳細資訊
Title page for etd-0827103-165423
論文名稱
Title
公民德性、政治社群與民主精神:Michael J. Sandel政治哲學研究
Civic Virtue, Political Community and the Spirit of Democracy:A Study of Political Philosophy of Michael J. Sandel
系所名稱
Department
畢業學年期
Year, semester
語文別
Language
學位類別
Degree
頁數
Number of pages
116
研究生
Author
指導教授
Advisor
召集委員
Convenor
口試委員
Advisory Committee
口試日期
Date of Exam
2003-07-23
繳交日期
Date of Submission
2003-08-27
關鍵字
Keywords
沈岱爾、公民德性、民主政治、國家、社群主義、自由主義、共和主義
Michael Sandel, liberalism, democracy, republicanism, state, civic virtue, communitarian
統計
Statistics
本論文已被瀏覽 5715 次,被下載 4715
The thesis/dissertation has been browsed 5715 times, has been downloaded 4715 times.
中文摘要
本論文旨在透過一條道德與目的的視野之理解途徑,來闡釋當代社群主義思想家Michael J. Sandel的政治哲學,並以公民與國家這兩個概念為核心。本文所持的論點在於:Sandel雖是以批判John Rawls的正義理論聞名學界,不過自1984年起,他就開始從事一項哲學事業,即從公民共和主義的方向出發,來思考政治生活的本質與目的,因此,我們嘗試解讀這些屬於他自己論據的規範性陳述。
準之,本文依次從本體論、倫理學與政體論三個層次開展。第一章導論,從倫理學中正義與善的爭議陳述本文的問題意識,並說明本文的論述方式與架構。第二章鋪陳Sandel一種具有道德人格的哲學人類學──意即當我們提問「我是誰?」的時候,這象徵著我們不是無所承載的自我,而是某種構成性目的的存在,唯有行為能夠反思與認知處境,自我認識與政治實踐才有可能,要之,自我是從政治社群中發現其公民身分的。第三章則在我們稱之為倫理政治學的內容上,指出當代自由主義的理論與實踐已經變成一種程序共和制,主要特徵不僅是權利至上與中立國家,也包含社群的腐敗與自治能力的喪失,因此,重塑民主的道德生活成為當下矯治的契機,而在美國政治傳統的歷史脈絡中,Sandel共和思想帶著至善論的色彩,是希望以政治社群即國家來培養公民的德性,故我們討論了他關於政治自由與公民自治的相關意義。藉由以上的分析,我們透視出他某種包含善觀、共同目標以及實質道德內涵的民主精神。第四章,則回到「政治生活的目的」問題,探討他如何解釋共和主義與自由主義的競爭關係。我們認為,從社群主義到共和主義,Sandel政治哲學的中心思想,關心的是公民處境與國家存在的目的,在此意義上,朝向良善生活乃是政治的道德本質與存在目的,國家或政府在此而言不是中立的,而是具有某種塑造好公民的角色。第五章為結論,指出Sandel對社群與公民的關懷以及隱含的共和理想,體現出某種民主傳統的思考。
Abstract
The purpose of this thesis is to explore contemporary communitarian thinker Michael J. Sandel’s political philosophy concerning one that realizes the importance of “virtue” and “ends” in citizenship and the state. I argue that although Sandel is often known as one of the most compelling critics of John Rawls’ justice theory, his more ambitious commitment since 1984 is to provide a vision about the nature and aim of political life through insights of civic republicanism. The goal of this essay is to sort out Sandel’s perspectives on these normative statements.
Introducing from the debates between justice and the good in ethics, I explain what motivates me to write this essay and briefly describe the framework and approach of the thesis. In the second chapter, I elaborate Sandel’s philosophical anthropology. Different from Rawls’ the conception of human, Sandel’s version is one with moral disposition——that is to say, at the moment when we ask ourselves “ who am I?”, it comes to the answer that we are constitutive beings, rather than unencumbered selves from nowhere. Only when an agent is capable of self-reflection and recognizing how self is situated can self-knowledge and political practices possible. In short, only in a political community can spirit of citizenship be realized. In chapter three, I trace Sandel’s argument and point out the fact that the theory and practice of contemporary liberalism has practically become a synonym to procedural republic. It is presented not only the ideas of “rights as trumps” and neutral state, but also revealed by the erosion of community and the loss of self-government. Therefore, how to rebuild moral life in modern democratic practices has become an important task for people of our time. Following the political tradition of republicanism in American history, Sandelian republicanism, inherence of Aristotlian perfectionism, stresses the importance of political community as a whole to cultivate civic virtue. So I discuss the meaning of freedom/liberty and self-government. Through above discussions, I try to reveal Sandel’s idea of democracy that insists conserving certain conceptions of the good, common ends and substantial moral contents in political life. In chapter four, I deal with how Sandel respond to the tension between republicanism and liberalism. From communitarianism to republicanism, I am persuaded that the core of Sandel’s philosophy lies in the idea of citizenship and the ends of state. Civic virtues are so intrinsic to political life and will help to lead us to a good life. State or government shouldn’t just be neutral but should play a role in developing good citizens. In final chapter, I concluded that Sandel’s concerns to community and citizen and his republican ideals revive an yet long forgotten tradition in democratic thoughts.
目次 Table of Contents
第一章 導論 民主時代的困境………………………………………………1
第一節 一個倫理學的爭議:正義與善……………………………………4
第二節 論述視野與章節安排………………………………………………14

第二章 Sandel的哲學人類學………………………………………………19
第一節 本務論VS目的論……………………………………………………22
第二節 我是誰?……………………………………………………………29
第三節 構成性思想與反思行為……………………………………………35
第四節 小結:公民性格與政治社群………………………………………45

第三章 Sandel的倫理政治學………………………………………………49
第一節 從公民共和、國家共和到程序共和………………………………51
第二節 現代倫理所刻劃的國家特徵………………………………………59
第三節 論自由與自治及其關係……………………………………………65
第四節 小結:重塑民主與道德對話………………………………………71

第四章 正義或共善:政治生活的目的?…………………………………75
第一節 從社群主義到共和主義……………………………………………77
第二節 自由主義VS共和主義:敵或友?…………………………………85
第三節 小結:如何邁向至善國家…………………………………………90

第五章 結論 在共和的傳統中思考…………………………………………97
參考書目……………………………………………………………………103
參考文獻 References
說明:所列文獻均為參閱文獻,第二部分主要是針對Sandel及其相關政治思潮所做的文獻整理,但並非每一筆資料都有直接引用,為節省篇幅就不再另行附註。

一、Sandel的學術著作與政治評論(1982-2002)
1982. Liberalism and the Limits of Justice. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.
1984. “The Procedural Republic and the Unencumbered Self.” Political Theory Vol.12, no.1(February):81-96;also in Communitarianism and Individualism. Avineri and De-Shalit(eds). 1992. Oxford:Oxford University Press. pp.12-28.
1984. “Morality and the Liberal Ideal.” The New Republic Vol.190, no.18(5/7):15-17. (Virtually verbatim in Liberalism and Its Critics. “Introduction.” pp.1-7.)
1984. “Introduction.” and “Justice and the Good.” in Liberalism and Its Critics. Sandel(ed). New York:New York University Press. pp.1-11;159-176.
1985. “The State and the Soul.” The New Republic Vol.192, no.23(6/10):37-41.
1987. “The Political Theory of the Procedural Republic.” in The Rule of Law:Ideal or Ideology. Allan C. Hutchinson and Patrick Monahan(eds). Toronto:Carswell;also in The Power of Public Ideas. Robert B. Reich(ed). 1988. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. pp.109-121.
1988. “A Public Philosophy for American Liberalism. Democrats and Community.” The New Republic Vol.198, no.8(2/22):20-23.
1989. “Moral Argument and Liberal Toleration:Abortion and Homosexuality.” California Law Review Vol.77, no.3(May):521-538.
1991. “The Federalists.” The New Republic Vol.?(10/7):11-12.
1994. “Political Liberalism(Review of Rawls:Political Liberalism).” Harvard Law Review Vol.107, no.7(May):1765-1794;revised vision “A Response to Rawls’ Political Liberalism.” in Liberalism and the Limits of Justice. Sandel(2ndedn). 1998. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press. pp.184-218.
1996. Democracy’s Discontent:America in Search of a Public Philosophy. Cambridge:Harvard University Press.
1996. “America’s Search for a New Public Philosophy.” Atlantic Monthly Vol.277, no.3(March):57-74.
1996. “Dewey Rides Again.” New York Review of Books Vol.43, no.8(5/9):35-38.
1996. “Tolerating the Tolerant.” The New Republic Vol.215, no.3/4(7/15-22):25.
1996. “Easy Virtue.” The New Republic Vol.215, no.10(9/2):23.
1996. “Big Ideas.” The New Republic Vol.215, no.16(10/14):33.
1996. “Votes for Sale:Who’s bribing whom?” The New Republic Vol.215, no.21 (11/18):25.
1996. “Honor and Resentment:A Cheerleader’s Parable.” The New Republic Vol.215, no.26(12/23):27.
1996. “Making Nice is Not the Same as Doing Good.” New York Times Vol.146 (12/29):9E.
1997. “Anti-social Security.” The New Republic Vol.216, no.5(2/3):27.
1997. “Bad Bet.” The New Republic Vol.216, no.10(3/10):27.
1997. “Last Rights.” The New Republic Vol.216, no.15(4/14):27.
1997. “Lemon Aid.” The New Republic Vol.216, no.21(5/26):29.
1997. “Crying for Justice.” The New Republic Vol.217, no.1(7/7):25.
1997. “Ad Nauseam.” The New Republic Vol.217, no.9(9/1):23.
1997. “The Baby Bazaar.” The New Republic Vol.217, no.16(10/20):25.
1997. “Picking Winners.” The New Republic Vol.217, no.22(12/1):13-16.
1997. “It’s Immoral to Buy the Right to Pollute.” New York Times Vol.147(12/15):23.
1998. “Branded.” The New Republic Vol.218, no.3(1/19):10-11.
1998. “White Lies.” The New Republic Vol.218, no.9(3/2):10-11.
1998. “Bad Bidding.” The New Republic Vol.218, no.15(4/13):9-10.
1998. “Spoiled Sports.” The New Republic Vol.218, no.21(5/25):10-14.
1998. “My RFK.” The New Republic Vol.219, no.1(7/6):11.
1998. “You Bet Your Life.” The New Republic Vol.219, no.10(9/7):9-10.
1998. “Watergate Bady.” The New Republic Vol.219, no.17(10/26):9-10.
1998. “Reply to Critics.” in Debating Democracy’s Discontent. A. L. Allen and M. C. Regan, Jr(eds). Oxford:Oxford University Press. pp.319-335.
1999. “Liberalism and Republicanism:Friends or Foes?A Reply to Richard Dagger.” The Review of Politics Vol.61, no.2(Spring):209-214.
2000. “Roundtable on Religion in Politics.” Tikkun Vol.15, no.6(Nov/Dec):23-28.
2001. “The Right to Judge a Nominee’s Ideology.” New York Times Vol.150(1/14):17.
2001. “Under Fire:The Politics of Confirmation.” New York Times Upfront? Vol.133(2/19):26.
2002. “The Anti-Cloning Conundrum.” New York Times Vol.151(5/28):A19.
2002. “A Just Man.” The New Republic Vol.227, no.25(12/16):42.


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