本研究針對鋁品工廠主要製程作業區及廠區周界，選擇適當地點進行懸浮微粒之量測，藉以瞭解鋁品工廠各製程作業區懸浮微粒之污染現況（包括：懸浮微粒質量濃度與時間變化情形、落塵量及空間分佈、微粒化學成份分析及粒徑分佈等），並建立鋁品工廠懸浮微粒之指紋資料。此外本研究亦嘗試利用受體模式解析鋁品工廠逸散性污染源對環境周界之貢獻程度，釐清懸浮微粒污染的可能來源，期能做為降低廠房內懸浮微粒濃度及鋁製產品不良率之依據，對於改善鋁品工廠空氣污染現況有所助益。
本研究結果得知，屬於燃燒性污染源熔鑄、鑄軋及低週波爐等製程作業區，其廠房內之懸浮微粒濃度較高，污染來源大部分份係來自於生產製程或機械操作所排放。而屬於非燃燒源製程之熱軋、冷軋及鋁箔工廠等生產製程作業區，其TSP濃度一般均低於200 µg/m3以下。此外各製程作業區懸浮微粒之粒徑分佈，大部份呈現雙峰分佈（bimodal distribution），屬於非燃燒污染源製程最高峰出現在0.18~0.56 µm之微粒，次高峰則為5.6~11.5 µm之微粒。而屬燃燒性污染源熔鑄製程微粒最高峰出現在11.5~24.7µm之微粒，次高峰則出現0.56~1.0 µm之微粒，鋅鑄造低週波電爐作業區懸浮微粒則以細微粒（1.0~3.2 µm）為主。
鋁品工廠製程作業區懸浮微粒（PM2.5及PM10）之指紋資料（fingerprint）顯示，熱軋製程作業區金屬成份以Al、Zn、K、Cr等為指標元素，其中Cr元素來源可能與製程中使用鉻酸原料有關，水溶性離子成份則以SO42-及Cl-所佔比例最高。碳成份佔總質量約22.0%左右，OC/EC比值為2.54及2.80。而熔鑄製程金屬成份以Al 所佔比例最高，其次為Zn、K、Ca、Fe等，水溶性離子A/C比值約0.80，其中
以SO42-比例最高，Cl-、F-、K+、NH4+次之，碳成份佔總質量分別為19.2%及27.3 %，OC/EC比值為1.21及1.07。此外，低週波電爐製程金屬以Zn所佔比例最高（23.9及27.2%），K、Ca、Fe等次之，水溶性離子成份主要以Cl-所佔比例最高，其次為NO3-、Ca2+、K+等離子，A/C比值約0.7，碳成份佔PM2.5及PM10總質量為54.8%及51.0 %，OC/EC比值約2.9。
由受體模式（CMB）推估廠區周界懸浮微粒之污染來源結果得知，鋁品工廠主要製程（包含熱軋、熔鑄及低週波電爐等製程）逸散粒狀污染物，對廠區周界懸浮微粒之污染貢獻率介於5.9∼13.2%間，其它則以交通污染源（含道路揚塵、車輛尾氣排放）貢獻頻率最多，貢獻率介於28.1%∼37.3%間。而鄰近工廠污染則以石化業製程（燃油加熱盧、鍋爐）貢獻頻率最多，貢獻率介於17.0%∼23.0%間，其次為水泥製造業貢獻率介於11.2%∼20.7%間，鋼鐵製造業貢獻率介於2.5%∼6.5%間，資源回收廠（都市垃圾焚化爐）貢獻率介於2.3%∼5.0%間，而海水飛沫貢獻率介於4.3%∼7.1%間，其他未解析之污染源貢獻率介於7.0∼11.8%間。

The objective of the study was to investigate the air pollution of working place and the fence of aluminum plants. Four sites were selected for conducting the sampling of particulate matter（PM）to establish the fingerprints of PM in aluminum plants. Moreover, the receptor model was used to apportion the major contributing sources of particulate matter.
The results of the study showed that PM concentrations in the working places were high, which might be emitted from manufacturing or mechanical operating process in the melting furnace, the continuous casting, and etc. The total suspended solid concentrations from non-combustion pollution source （such as hot rolling , cold rolling, and plate industry） were usually below 200 µg /m3. Moreover, the size distributions of PM in working places were usually bi-modal type. The particle sizes with the highest concentration in five and coarse fractions were 0.18~0.56 µm respectively. As for the combustion sources, the particle sizes with the highest concentration were 0.56~1.0 µm and 11.5~24.7 µm, respectively. The particle emitted from zinc casting source were mostly in the fine particle fraction（1.0~3.2 µm）.
The fingerprint profiles of PM from the working places showed that the major metal content of the hot rolling were Al, Zn, K, Cr. Among then, Cr might be source of from the using of chromate acid. The most abundant water-soluble ions were sulfate ion and chlorine and chloride. The carbon content accounted for about 22% of the PM mass. The ratio of organic carbon to elemental carbon were 2.54 and 2.80. The major metal content of melting process was Al, the minor metals were Zn, k, Ca, Fe. The ratio of anion to cation（A/C） was about 0.80. The most abundant ion sulfate, while the chloride, the fluoride, potassium, and the ammonium ions were minor ones. The carbon content accounted about 19.2% and 27.3% of PM mass respectively. The ratio of organic carbon to elemental carbon were 1.21 and 1.07. Moreover, the major metals were k, Ca, Fe. The major ion was chloride, while the nitrate calcium and potassium ions were minor ones. The A/C was 0.7. The carbon content accounted for 54.8% and 51.0% of PM2.5 and PM10, respectively. The ratio of organic carbon to elemental carbon was about 2.9.
The results obtained from receptor modeling showed that the contribution percentage of fugitive PM from the aluminum plant (including hot rolling, melting furnace, and low-wave furnace) was between 5.9 and 13.2%, Another major source was traffic refracted pollution with a contribution percentage between 17.0% and 23.0%, Fur then more, in the surrounding PM, was between 11.2% and 20.7%, while the contribution from the steel plant and Moreover, the municipal incineration was 2.5~6.5% and 2.3~5.0%,respectively. The sea salt contributed 4.3~7.1% of PM mass. The unsolved percentage was 7.0~11.8%.

摘要………………………………………………….……………... Ⅰ
英文摘要………………………………………….……………...... Ⅲ
目錄………………………………………………………………… Ⅴ
表目錄……………………………………………………………… Ⅸ
圖目錄……………………………………………………………… XI
第一章 前言…………………………………………………….... 1-1
1-1 研究緣起………………………………………………… 1-1
1-2 研究目的………………………………………………… 1-2
1-3 研究流程………………………………………………… 1-3
第二章 文獻回顧………………………………………………... 2-1
2-1懸浮微粒之性質…………………………………………. 2-1
2-1-1懸浮微粒之定義………………………………….. 2-1
2-1-2懸浮微粒的形成機制…………………………….. 2-2
2-1-3懸浮微粒之影響………………………………….. 2-4
2-1-4懸浮微粒之物化特性…………………………….. 2-8
2-1-5懸浮微粒之可能來源及貢獻推估……………….. 2-13
2-2 鋁品工廠生產製程介紹……………………………….. 2-15
2-2-1熔鑄及鑄製程…………………………………….. 2-15
2-2-2低週波電爐製程………………………………….. 2-17
2-2-3熱軋及冷軋製程…………………………………... 2-17
2-2-4 鋁箔生產製程……………………………………. 2-18
2-3相關鋁品產業之研究成果…………………………..…. 2-18
2-4污染源解析……………………………………………… 2-23
2-4-1受體模式之基本理論…………………………….. 2-23
2-4-2化學質量平衡法………………………..………… 2-25
2-4-3受體模式之應用…………………………………... 2-27
第三章 研究方法……………………………..…………………. 3-1
3-1 採樣地點選擇…………………………………………… 3-1
3-2 採樣時間與頻率………….……………………………... 3-1
3-3 懸浮微粒採樣方法……………………………………… 3-2
3-3-1 高量採樣器……………………………………….. 3-2
3-3-2 雙粒徑分道採樣器……………………………….. 3-4
3-3-3 微孔均勻沉降衝擊器…………………………….. 3-7
3-3-4 旋轉式衝擊器……………………………………. 3-9
3-3-5 落塵筒…………………………………………..... 3-9
3-4懸浮微粒成份分析方法…………………………………. 3-11
3-4-1 水溶性離子成份分析…………………………….. 3-11
3-4-2 碳成份分析……………………………………….. 3-12
3-4-3 金屬成份分析…………………………………….. 3-14
3-5品保與品管………………………………………………. 3-15
3-5-1 採樣方法之品保與品管………………………….. 3-15
3-5-2 分析方法之品保與品管………………………….. 3-17
第四章 結果與討論…………………………………………...... 4-1
4-1製程作業區懸浮微粒之質量濃度……………………… 4-1
4-1-1熱軋製程之懸浮微粒濃度………………………. 4-1
4-1-2冷軋製程之懸浮微粒濃度……………………… 4-4
4-1-3熔鑄製程之懸浮微粒濃度……………………… 4-5
4-1-4鑄軋製程之懸浮微粒濃度………………………. 4-8
4-1-5鋁箔製程之懸浮微粒濃度……………………….. 4-10
4-1-6 低週波電爐製程之懸浮微粒濃度………………. 4-14
4-2製程區懸浮微粒之粒徑分析……………………………. 4-16
4-2-1熱軋製程之粒徑分佈…………………………….. 4-17
4-2-2冷軋製程之粒徑分佈…………………………….. 4-18
4-2-3熔鑄製程之粒徑分佈…………………………….. 4-19
4-2-4 鑄軋製程之粒徑分………………………………... 4-20
4-2-5 鋁箔製程之粒徑分佈…….……………………… 4-21
4-2-6 低週波電爐製程之粒徑分佈….………………… 4-22
4-3廠區周界懸浮微粒採樣結果…………………….……... 4-24
4-3-1 廠區周界懸浮微粒之質量濃度……..…………… 4-24
4-3-2 落塵量採樣結果.…………………………………. 4-28
4-3-3 廠區周界懸浮微粒濃度之時空變化…………….. 4-30
4-3-4 廠區周界懸浮微粒之粒徑分佈………………….. 4-30
4-4製程作業區懸浮微粒之指紋資料………………………. 4-34
4-4-1熱軋製程懸浮微粒指紋資料……………………... 4-34
4-4-2 冷軋製程懸浮微粒指紋資料…………………….. 4-35
4-4-3 熔鑄工場懸浮微粒指紋資料…………………….. 4-36
4-4-4 鑄軋工場懸浮微粒指紋資料…………………….. 4-37
4-4-5 鋁箔製程懸浮微粒指紋資料…………………….. 4-38
4-4-6低週波電爐製程工場懸浮微粒指紋資料………... 4-39
4-4-7各製程作業區指紋資料之比較…………………... 4-40
4-5廠區懸浮微粒污染來源解析……………………………. 4-52
4-5-1 廠區周界總懸浮微粒組成分析結果…………….. 4-52
4-5-2 污染源資料檔之建立…………………………….. 4-55
4-5-3 懸浮微粒污染源解析…………………………….. 4-57
第五章 結論與建議…………………………………………...... 5-1
5-1結論………………………………………………………. 5-2
5-2建議………………………………………………………. 5-4
參考文獻
附錄A、高量採樣氣流量校正紀錄
附錄B、粒狀物採樣及分析紀錄表
附錄C、成份分析檢量線
附錄 D、現場採樣點照片

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