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博碩士論文 etd-0827108-135822 詳細資訊
Title page for etd-0827108-135822
論文名稱
Title
多管式TiO2/Al2O3複合膜同步電混凝/電過濾處理 光電產業廢水之效能評估
Performance Evaluation of Treating Optoelectronic Industrial Wastewaters by a Simultaneous Electrocoagulation/Electrofiltration Process Using Multi-Tubular TiO2/Al2O3 Composite Membranes
系所名稱
Department
畢業學年期
Year, semester
語文別
Language
學位類別
Degree
頁數
Number of pages
126
研究生
Author
指導教授
Advisor
召集委員
Convenor
口試委員
Advisory Committee
口試日期
Date of Exam
2008-06-17
繳交日期
Date of Submission
2008-08-27
關鍵字
Keywords
液晶平面顯示器廢水、管狀無機複合膜、電混凝、電過濾
Tubular inorganic composite membrane, Electrocoagulation, LCD industrial wastewater, Electrofiltration
統計
Statistics
本論文已被瀏覽 5707 次,被下載 2506
The thesis/dissertation has been browsed 5707 times, has been downloaded 2506 times.
中文摘要
國內水資源缺乏,且高科技產業又極需大量用水,因此,本研究旨在利用自行製備之管狀氧化鈦/氧化鋁無機複合膜搭配多管式同步電混凝/電過濾處理模組,進行光電產業廢水處理效能探討,並評估處理水回收再利用之可能性。
本研究首先利用溶膠-凝膠法製備之二氧化鈦漿液,再使用浸漿成膜法(Dip-Coating)將浸鍍液披覆於利用擠出成形法製備的Al2O3管狀支撐體上,並於室溫乾燥後進行高溫燒結,以獲得氧化鈦/氧化鋁無機複合膜。接著,將製備好之氧化鈦/氧化鋁無機複合膜以同步電混凝/電過濾程序處理光電廠之二種LCD (TFT-LCD及STN-LCD) 廢水,並於濃縮液迴流的操作方式下,探討電場強度、過濾壓差及掃流速度對於濾液品質之影響,並利用逐一因素法找出最佳操作參數。本研究亦利用上述最佳操作參數探討模組其它操作方式(濃縮液不迴流及濾液再處理)對濾液品質之影響。此外,探討逆洗時間與週期對薄膜濾液通量回復性之影響亦是本研究之重點。
研究結果顯示,在濃縮液迴流的最佳操作條件下,TFT-LCD及STN-LCD廢水的濁度和TOC去除率都可以達到98%以上,廢水中的陰離子(NO3-、NO2-、Cl-及SO42-)則有90%以上之去除效果,而COD和TKN亦能有88~91%的去除率。在變換操作模式方面,實驗結果顯示,在濃縮液不迴流的情況下,對濾液水質的改善並不明顯,但在同一處理時間內之濾液累積量較大。至於濾液再處理方面,處理水品質則有進一步改善之現象,此法可以讓水中的陰離子(NO3-、NO2-、Cl-及SO42-)去除率提升至95%以上,亦能讓TFT-LCD廢水之濾液達到放流水標準。
在處理水回收再利用方面,因為處理水pH值及導電度過高,導致其應用性受到限制,但根據美國建議之冷卻系統補充水質標準(如附表1),並無限制補充水之pH值及導電度,而濾液的其他水質項目已能符合直接應用於工廠冷卻補充水之標準。若欲應用於低階之回收水再利用(例如:農業灌溉用水及生活雜用水)上,在有pH值及導電度限制下,則須於處理程序中搭配pH值調整槽,改善導電度以及pH值之問題。綜合實驗結果,利用同步電混凝/電過濾處理技術應用於LCD廢水處理上確實具有其發展之潛力。
Abstract
Water is essential for life as well as industrial growth. Therefore, this research is mainly to explore the treatment capacity of LCD (Liguid Crystal Display) industrial wastewater recycling by a simultaneous electrocoagulation/electrofiltration (EC/EF) process using laboratory-prepared multi-tubular TiO2/Al2O3 composite membranes.
First, tubular membrane supports of Al2O3 were prepared by the extrusion method. Then the slip composed of nanoscale TiO2 (prepared by sol-gel process) was applied on the aforementioned tubular membrane supports by the dip-coating method, followed by sintering to obtain tubular TiO2/Al2O3 composite membranes. Then, two types of LCD industrial wastewaters (designated TFT-LCD wastewater and STN-LCD wastewater, respectively) from different LCD fabrication plants were treated by EC/EF process using TiO2/Al2O3 composite membranes. Moreover, the permeate qualities were evaluated under the recirculation-mode operation. In addition, the effects of different operating parameters (i.e., electric field strength, trans-membrane pressure, and crossflow velocity) on membrane flux and permeate quality were evaluated. Relations of the water quality and the different operation modes (i.e., the recirculation mode, flow-through mode, and secondary treatment mode) were also discussed. Finally, the effects of changing the backwash time and backwash cycle on membrane flux were investigated.


In the recirculation mode, both kinds of wastewater achieved a satisfactory organics and anion removal. An average of about 90% of COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand) and TKN (Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen) could be removed. For anions (i.e., NO3-, NO2-, Cl- and SO42-), their removal efficiencies were all over 90%. Furthermore, TOC (Total Organic Carbon) and turbidity also had removal efficiencies of over 98%. When the operation mode was changed from the recirculation mode to flow-through mode, the changes of permeate quality were not obvious. But the cumulative quantity of permeate of the flow-through mode was greater than that of the recirculation mode. As for the experimental result of the secondary treatment mode, the permeate qualities were found to be improved. In this case, an average removal of over 95% of NO3-, NO2-, Cl-, and SO42- could be obtained.
According to experimental results shown above, the treated water could be recycled and reused as the cooling tower make-up water if its pH and conductivity values were reduced. However, these problems could be easily resolved by proper adjustments of pH. Overall speaking, the tubular TiO2/Al2O3 composite membranes and simultaneous EC/EF treatment module employed in this work are capable of treating LCD industrial wastewater for the purpose of reclamation.
目次 Table of Contents
聲明切結書...............................................i
謝誌..........................................................ii
摘要.........................................................iii
Abstract...................................................v
目錄.......................................................vii
表目錄...................................................xii
圖目錄..................................................xiii
照片目錄..............................................xvi
第一章 前言..................................1
1.1 研究緣起..........................................1
1.2 研究目的..........................................3
1.3 研究項目..........................................4
第二章 文獻回顧...................................7
2.1 液晶平面顯示器製程簡介..............7
2.1.1 液晶平面顯示器之發展...............7
2.1.2 液晶平面顯示器之技術與種類...7
2.1.3 液晶顯示器製程廢水與處理技術...10
2.2 電混凝理論...................................17
2.2.1 電混凝基本原理........................17
2.2.2 電混凝技術之相關研究............21
2.3 薄膜單元.......................................23
2.3.1 薄膜定義與特性........................ 23
2.3.2 薄膜分離程序............................23
2.3.3 薄膜組件之形式........................25
2.4 掃流薄膜過濾...............................27
2.5 掃流薄膜電過濾........................29
2.6 無機薄膜介紹........................35
2.6.1 無機薄膜之發展與特性........................35
2.6.2 管狀無機濾膜之應用........................37
第三章 實驗材料、設備與方法........................40
3.1 實驗材料........................40
3.1.1 TFT-LCD與STN-LCD廢水........................40
3.1.2 其它試藥及材料........................40
3.2 實驗設備........................42
3.2.1管狀無機濾膜之製備........................42
3.2.2 蒸氣壓氣體滲透偵測裝置........................43
3.2.3 多管式同步電混凝/電過濾處理模組裝置......43
3.2.4 其他設備及儀器........................45
3.3 實驗方法........................46
3.3.1 同步電混凝/電過濾處理系統之操作...............46
3.3.2 同步電混凝/電過濾處理模組之濾膜逆洗......48
3.4 管狀無機膜性質分析........................48
3.4.1 掃描式電子顯微鏡 ........................48
3.4.2 管狀無機濾膜之孔徑分布測定........................49
3.4.3 阻截分子量測定........................49
3.5 LCD廢水、濾液品質分析方法........................50
第四章 結果與討論........................51
4.1 管狀無機複合膜之性質分析........................51
4.1.1 過濾層表面與橫截面觀測........................51
4.1.2 孔徑分佈........................53
4.1.3 阻截分子量........................54
4.2 廢水基本性質分析........................57
4.2.1 顆粒粒徑分析........................57
4.2.2 顆粒界達電位之量測........................58
4.2.3 其它水質項目特性分析........................60
4.3 同步電混凝/電過濾處理模組之操作條件探討....63
4.3.1 電場強度對濾液通量及品質之影響..................63
4.3.2 過濾壓差對濾液通量及品質之影響.................71
4.3.3 掃流速度對濾液通量及品質之影響.................74
4.3.4 最佳操作條件對LCD廢水之處理效果.............77
4.4 改變模組操作方式對處理成效之影響.................80
4.5 逆洗週期與時間.................83
4.6 電混凝於同步電混凝/電過濾處理程序中之影響..86
4.7 處理水循環再利用之可行性探討.................90
第五章 結論與建議.................93
5.1 結論.................93
5.2 建議.................95
參考文獻.................96
附表.................107
碩士在學期間發表之學術論文.................109


表目錄
表2-1.TFT-LCD製造業主要廢棄物清理現況彙集...........14
表2-2.各種形式膜組之優缺點比較…………………26
表2-3.國內利用外加電場掃流過濾於水處理相關研究成果摘要..32
表2-4.國外利用外加電場掃流過濾於水處理相關研究成果摘要..34
表4-1.TFT-LCD與STN-LCD廢水之水質特性分析.......62
表4-2.STN-LCD廢水之濾液水質分析……………66
表4-3.TFT-LCD廢水之濾液水質分析…………………67
表4-4.TFT-LCD與STN-LCD廢水其濃縮液與濾餅之鋁含量分析.........................69
表4-5.兩種LCD廢水經同步電混凝/電過濾膜組處理之濾液水質 分析(改變過濾壓差).........................................73
表4-6.兩種LCD廢水經同步電混凝/電過濾膜組處理之濾液水質 分析(改變掃流速度)……76
表4-7.TFT-LCD廢水進行最佳操作條件下處理前後之水質分析...77
表4-8.STN-LCD廢水進行最佳操作條件下處理前後之水質分析..78
表4-9.TFT-LCD廢水在不同操作模式下之濾液品質分析比較.......81
表4-10.STN-LCD廢水在不同操作模式下之濾液品質分析比較......82

圖目錄
圖1-1 研究架構圖...................................................5
圖2-1 液晶顯示器分解圖...............................8
圖2-2 液晶平面顯示器分類結構圖............................10
圖2-3 TFT製程與廢水來源流程圖..................11
圖2-4 LCD製程與廢水來源流程圖....................12
圖2-5 膠體粒子懸浮於水溶液中所形成之電雙層結構...19
圖2-6 DLVO理論之高濃度電解質下的位能曲線圖....19
圖2-7 薄膜孔洞大小與其適合之分離程序示意圖....24
圖2-8 掃流過濾之原理.....................................27
圖2-9 掃流電過濾中顆粒受力狀況.........................29
圖2-10 非對稱型無機膜示意圖...................................36
圖3-1 管狀無機複合膜燒結升溫速率圖...................43
圖3-2 同步電混凝/電過濾處理系統示意圖...............44
圖3-3 岀流水迴流操作示意圖.............................47
圖3-4 濃縮液不迴流操作示意圖..........................47
圖3-5 濾液再處理操作示意圖.............................48
圖4-1 管狀無機複合膜表面元素組成....................52
圖4-2 管狀無機複合膜孔徑分布圖.............................54
圖4-3 管狀無機複合膜對聚乙二醇之視率除率大小......56
圖4-4 TFT-LCD廢水之粒徑分布..............57
圖4-5 STN-LCD廢水之粒徑分布................................58
圖4-6 TFT-LCD廢水之懸浮固體其界達電位與pH值之關係…59
圖4-7 STN-LCD廢水之懸浮固體其界達電位與pH值之關係.......59
圖4-8 TFT-LCD廢水其濾液通量隨施加電場強度與處理時間之關係 圖....................................................64
圖4-9 STN-LCD廢水濾液通量隨施加電場強度與處理時間之關係圖......................................................64
圖4-10 TFT-LCD廢水其部份濾液品質(Turbidity、COD、TKN及TOC)隨施加電場強度變化之關係圖.....................70
圖4-11 STN-LCD廢水其部份濾液品質(Turbidity、COD、TKN及TOC)隨施加電場強度變化之關係圖....70
圖4-12 TFT-LCD廢水其濾液通量隨過濾壓差與處理時間之關係圖...............................................................71
圖4-13 STN-LCD廢水其濾液通量隨過濾壓差與處理時間之關係圖............................................................72
圖4-14 TFT-LCD廢水其濾液通量隨不同掃流速度與處理時間之關係圖..........................................74
圖4-15 STN-LCD廢水其濾液通量隨不同掃流速度與處理時間之關係圖..........................................75
圖4-16 TFT-LCD廢水其不同逆洗週期之濾液通量比較圖...............83
圖4-17 STN-LCD廢水其不同逆洗週期之濾液通量比較圖..............84
圖4-18 TFT-LCD廢水其不同逆洗時間之濾液通量比較圖...............85
圖4-19 STN-LCD廢水其不同逆洗時間之濾液通量比較圖..............85
圖4-20 TFT-LCD廢水濃縮液中顆粒粒徑之分佈圖.....87
圖4-21 STN-LCD廢水濃縮液中顆粒粒徑之分佈圖.......87
圖4-22 TFT-LCD廢水濃縮液中顆粒粒徑之分佈隨施加電場強度之變化圖.............................................88
圖4-23 STN-LCD廢水濃縮液中顆粒粒徑之分佈隨施加電場強度之變化圖............................................89
圖4-24 添加HCl於TFT-LCD廢水濾液再處理程序之濾液中其導電度與pH值之變化........................91

照片目錄
照片3-1 同步電混凝/電過濾處理設備照片.........44
照片4-1 管狀無機複合膜表面影像................51
照片4-2 管狀無機複合膜橫截面影像...............52
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