在無線個人區域網路(Wireless Personal Area Networks, WPAN)中，超寬頻(Ultra Wide Band, UWB)無線通訊系統提供了資料高速傳輸的解決方案，為近年來無線個人區域網路中最重要的技術之ㄧ。在本論文之中，我們將探討以正交分頻多工(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing, OFDM)技術為核心架構之UWB無線通訊系統，探討其接收機之基頻訊號處理與系統設計，其中基頻訊號處理演算法包含了時間同步演算法、頻率同步演算法、通道估測演算法、與補零字首(Zero-Padded Prefix, ZP)等。演算法效能及系統設計同時透過浮點(Floating Point)模擬及定點(Fixed Point)模擬確認符合標準之要求，然後用Verilog硬體描述語言(Hardware Description Language)作硬體設計，並將設計完成的電路以台積電0.13微米標準元件流程(TSMC 0.13 Cell-Based Flow)來實現。

In recent years, Ultra-WideBand (UWB) radio has become the most important technology for high speed data transmission in wireless personal area networks (WPAN). In this thesis, we investigate the design and implementation of the baseband receiver for the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) based UWB systems. The baseband signal processing algorithms include timing synchronization, frequency synchronization, channel estimation, and the zero-padded prefix. Both floating point and fixed point simulation are conducted for system design and performance verification. Then, the Verilog hardware description language is adopted for hardware implementation. The proposed design is realized by the Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC) 0.13 single-poly eight-metal CMOS process.

第一章 緒言…………………………………………………………………………....1
1.1 研究動機………………………………………………………………………1
1.2 OFDM簡介…………………………………………………….…….….…….2
1.3 論文架構………………………………………………………………………6
第二章 MBOA-UWB系統概述與實體層規範……………………………………7
2.1 UWB系統特色與操作頻率範圍………………………………………….….7
2.2 MBOA-UWB 0v9標準分析………………………………………………..…8
2.2.1 PLCP Preamble………………………………………………………..10
2.2.2 PLCP Header…………………………………………………………..12
2.2.3 PSDU ….......………………………………………………….............13
2.3 通道模型………………………………………………....……………..........23
第三章 接收機基頻演算法設計...…………………………....…………….........28
3.1 時間同步演算法…………………………………………….………..……...28
3.1.1 封包同步……………………………………………………………....28
3.1.2 碼框同步……………………………………………………..………..32
3.2 頻率同步演算法……………………………………………………………..34
3.2.1 粗略頻率同步…………………………………………………………34
3.2.2 相位追蹤……………………………………………………………....38
3.3 通道估測……………………………………………………………………..40
3.4 補零字首…………………………………………………………………..…44
第四章 接收機演算法電路設計………………………………………..………47
4.1 接收機架構…….………………………………………………..……...48
4.2 同步演算法電路設計.…………………...………………….…………...…..49
4.2.1 封包偵測電路設計………………………………………………..…49
4.2.2 碼框同步電路設計………………………………………………..…50
4.2.3 頻率同步電路設計………………………………………………..…51
4.3 乘法器…….………………………………………………..……...52
4.3.1 實數乘法器………………………………………………..…………52
4.3.2 壓縮器………………………………………………..…………….53
4.3.3 加法器………………………………………………..………………..54
第五章 模擬與合成結果...…………..………………………...………...................56
5.1 UWB系統效能模擬...…………………………………....…………….........56
5.2 同步合成結果…………………………………………………………....59
第六章 結論與未來展望…………………………………………………...………63
參考文獻…………………………………………………...………………………..…64

[1] “Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing,” U.S. Patent No.3, 488, 445, filed
Nov. 14, 1966, issued Jan. 6, 1970.
[2] A. Batra et al., “Multi-Band OFDM Physical Layer Proposal for IEEE802.15
Task Group 3a,” IEEE P802.15-03/268r3, Mar. 2004.
[3] 宋子文, “超寬頻無線通訊系統之基頻訊號處理與電路設計,”國立中山大學
通訊工程研究所碩士論文, 2006.
[4] J. Foerster, Ed., “Channel modeling sub-committee report final,” IEEE P802.15-02/490r1-SG3a, Feb. 2003.
[5] J.J. van de Beek, M. Sandell, M. Isaksson, and P.O. Borjesson, “Low-complex frame synchronization in OFDM systems,” in Proceedings of IEEE International Conference Universal Personal Communication, Toronto, Canada, Sep. 27-29, 1995, pp. 982-986.
[6] J.J. van de Beek, M. Sandell, and P.O. Borjesson, “ML Estimation of Time and Frequency Offset in OFDM systems,” IEEE Transactions on Signal Proccessing, vol. 45, no. 7, Jul. 1997.
[7] M.H. Hsieh and C.H. Wei, “A Low-complex Frame Synchronization and Frequency Offset Compresation Scheme for OFDM Systems over Fading Channels,” in IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. 48, no. 5, Sep. 1999.
[8] D.K. Kim, S.H. Do, H.B. Cho, H.J. Choi, and K.B. Kim, “A New Joint Algorithm of Symbol Timing Recovery and Sampling Clock Adjustment for OFDM Systems,” IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, vol. 44, no. 3, pp. 1142-1149, Aug. 1998.
[9] T.M. Schmidl and D.C. Cox, “Low-Overhead, Low-Complexity [Burst] Synchronization for OFDM,” in IEEE International Conference on Communications, vol. 3, 1996, pp. 1301-1306.
[10] J. Terry and J. Heiskala, OFDM Wireless LANs Theoretical and Practical guide, Sams, 2002

[11] L.L. Scharf, Statistical Signal Processing: Detection, Estimation and Time Series Analysis, Addison-Wesley, 1991.
[12] H. Stark and J. W. Woods, Probability and Random Processes with Applications to Signal Processing, Prentice-Hall, 3rd, 2002.
[13] W.G. Jeon, K.H. Paik, and Y.S. Cho, “An efficient channel estimation technique for OFDM systems with transmitter diversity,” IEICE Trans. Commun., vol. E84-B, no. 4, pp. 967-974, Apr. 2001.
[14] K.S. Cho, J.O. Park, J.S. Hong, and G.S. Choi, “54x54-bit Radix-4 Multiplier based on Modified Booth Algorithm,” in Proceedings of the 13th ACM Great Lakes symposium on VLSI, Washington, DC, USA. Apr. 28-29, 2003, pp. 233-236.