本研究將應用一種非離子界面活性劑Triton X-100及兩種陰離子界面活性劑Triton QS-15與SDS，總共三種界面活性劑，進行其對以批次培養之PAHs分解菌對phenanthrene分解之影響性的探討。此外，並將添加水楊酸做為誘發物質(inducer)，以引導及幫助phenanthrene之分解，並進行┌僅含水楊酸┘及┌含界面活性劑與水楊酸┘時的研究探討，其目的係在於以另一生化角度去暸解界面活性劑與微生物間的關係。根據實驗結果顯示：
1、 界面活性劑對微生物分解具有干擾性作用，此種干擾與界面活性劑濃度呈現不規則的關係，並非高濃度就會造成微生物的分解抑制加強。隨著菌種、界面活性劑種類及環境的差異，造成不同結果。
2、 添加水楊酸於一已存在之界面活性劑系統，僅於低濃度時之Triton X-100才會有增加分解的作用。
3、 僅添加水楊酸，對分解phenanthrene亦具有明顯效果。
4、 添加界面活性劑於含氧化鋁之水相時，結果顯示並未明顯增加phenanthrene的分解。
綜論之，對界面活性劑在生物復育的使用上建議應進行更進一步的探討，以期能幫助此類疏水性物質在水相及土壤的復育，能更清楚告知其使用的時機與條件。

In this research，we used three kinds of surfactant ，including Triton X-100(nonionic surfactant)，Triton QS-15 and SDS(anionic surfactant) ，to study the effects of PAHs degradation bacteria on phenanthrene. In addition， we also discussed the treatment effects of salicylate， which was functioned as an inducer，on degradation of phenanthrene by the microorganisms with and without the three surfactants.
According to the experimental results，the conclusions were as following：
1. Biodegradation of PAHs was interfered by species surfactant，which was affected by the experimental factor，species of surfactant and bacteria.
2. In the low level of Triton X-100 system ，salicylate could enhance the degradation of phenanthrene.
3. The effect of degrading phenanthrene was obvious by adding salicylate to the system.
4. In the system containing Aluminum oxide and Triton QS-15， it could not enhance the degradation effects on phenanthrene.
In the future study， we suggest to further discuss the enhancing effects of surfactant on bioremediation of PAHs.

目 錄
論文摘要……………………………………………………………………………..Ⅰ
英文摘要……………………………………………………………………………..Ⅱ
目錄…………………………………………………………………………………..Ⅲ
圖目錄………………………………………………………………………………..Ⅵ
表目錄………………………………………………………………………………..Ⅹ
符號說明…………………………………………………………………………..ⅩⅠ
第一章 緒論 1
1-1 研究緣起 1
1-2 研究目的與內容 2
第二章 文獻回顧 3
2-1 PAHs的定義與物理、化學特性 3
2-1-1 PAHs 的定義 3
2-1-2 PAHs的物理特性 4
2-1-3 PAHs的化學特性 5
2-1-4 PAHs對生物的毒性 6
2-2 PAHs的來源與形成 6
2-3 微生物對PAHs的分解利用 6
2-3-1 生物復育的概念 6
2-3-2 微生物對與疏水性汙染物的分解利用 9
2-3-3 微生物分解PAHs的中間代謝產物探討 11
2-4 界面活性劑 14
2-4-1 界面活性劑的定義與簡介 14
2-4-2 界面活性劑的基本性質 15
2-4-3 微胞與固微胞 17
2-5 界面活性劑對疏水性物質之增溶作用 19
2-6 界面活性劑在汙染物整治的應用實例 20
2-7界面活性劑對微生物的影響 23
2-8 界面活性劑對微生物分解PAHs之實例 26
第三章 實驗材料、設備與方法步驟 33
3-1實驗材料與來源` 33
3-1-1 疏水性汙染物與培養基材料 33
3-1-2 界面活性劑 34
3-2 活性汙泥來源與馴養 36
3-3 活性汙泥菌種之初步鑑定 37
3-4 界面活性劑SDS的吸附平衡實驗 37
3-5 Triton X-100吸附動力學試驗與等溫吸附試驗 38
3-5-1 Triton X-100吸附動力試驗 38
3-5-2 Triton X-100等溫吸附試驗 38
3-6 Triton QS-15的CMC值測定 38
3-7 界面活性劑對活性汙泥分解葡萄糖之影響試驗 38
3-8 SDS對活性汙泥分解phenanthrene之生長曲線變化之測定 42
3-9 配置各種檢量線 42
3-9-1 製作界面活性劑、phenanthrene與活性汙泥的檢量線 42
3-9-2 樣品分析量測條件 43
3-10 界面活性劑與水楊酸(salicylate)對活性汙泥分解phenanthrene的影響 44
3-11 水楊酸與氧化鋁共存對活性汙泥分解phenanthrene的影響之試驗 45
3-12 Triton QS-15、氧化鋁與水楊酸三者共存對活性汙泥分解phenanthrene影響之試驗 46
3-13 其他相關實驗設備與器材 47
第四章 結果與討論 49
4-1 活性汙泥之革蘭氏染色檢測 49
4-2 SDS之吸附等溫線 50
4-3 Triton X-10之吸附動力實驗與吸附等溫線 51
4-3-1 Triton X-10之吸附動力實驗 51
4-3-2 Triton X-10之吸附等溫線 52
4-4 Triton QS-15的CMC值測定結果 52
4-5 界面活性劑對活性汙泥分解葡萄糖的影響 53
4-5-1 葡萄糖分解實驗 53
4-5-2 界面活性劑對活性汙泥的影響 53
4-6 在不同SDS濃度下分解phenanthrene的研究 54
4-7 活性汙泥分解phenanthrene 55
4-8 添加水楊酸對微生物降解phenanthrene之影響 55
4-9 三種界面活性劑與水楊酸對活性汙泥分解phenanthrene之影響 56
4-9-1 Triton X-100與水楊酸對活性汙泥礦化分解phenanthrene的影響 56
4-9-2 Triton QS-15與水楊酸對活性汙泥礦化分解phenanthrene的影響 58
4-9-3 SDS與水楊酸對活性汙泥礦化分解phenanthrene的影響 59
4-10 水楊酸與氧化鋁對活性汙泥分解phenanthrene的影響之試驗 61
4-11 Triton QS-15、氧化鋁與水楊酸三者共存對活性汙泥分解phenanthrene的影響 61
第五章 結論與建議 99
5-1 結論 99
5-2 建議 101
參考文獻 102
附 錄 A 108
附 錄 B 110
附 錄 C 121

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