女性在多數的政府部門仍處於邊緣化位置，尤其是在政治任命的職位上。本研究訪問十六位女性政務官，研究發現她們個個是菁英，出身自立委、教授、教師或記者等。多數女性政務官經由對政治與社會運動的主動參與，展露出對政治濃厚的興趣。這些經歷讓她們從運動邁入政府部門。本研究的受訪者表示總統或縣市長們肯定她們過去的工作經驗與行政經歷，因而邀請她們入閣。

我們發現有些受訪者的母親反對女兒踏入政治。再者，公/私與男/女的分野產生對男、女政務官在家務照養上，甚或他/她們從政能力上等，不同的期待標準。

性別大不同。女性政務官傾向於拔擢其部門的優秀女性並改善過去看似性別中立的政策來幫助女性取得較佳的生活。一些女性政務官也表達出身為女性在決策過程中的性別敏銳度。


為了提升女性參與政治，本研究建議提高國家政策的性別敏感度，並著重強調學校教育與大眾教育來讓年輕一代參與政治。此外，性別比例制度亦能提高女性參與政治的機會。

Women continue to be marginalized at most levels of government, especially in political appointment positions. This research interviewed sixteen female political appointees. We found they were drawn from elites, such as legislators, professors, teachers, lawyers and journalists. Most female appointees showed profound political interests through active participation in political activities and social movements, which allows them from movement to government. Interviewees in this research expressed that the president or their mayor invited them to serve as such posts because of appreciation of their past working experiences and administrative experiences.

We found some mothers opposed their daughters to step into politics. Furthermore, the very division between public/private and man/woman composes the different expectations on male and female political appointees, such as domestic chores, caring and even their abilities in dealing with politics.

Gender makes a difference. Female interviewees tended to promote capable female in their divisions and redressed the past “gender-neutral” policy to help women have a better life. Some female political appointees also expressed their unique sensitivity as women in decision-making process.


In order to increase women to participate in politics, this research suggests raising gender awareness in policies and stress on school education and public education for engaging younger generations. Further, gender quota can increase women’s opportunity to serve as political appointees.

Contents

Chapter 1 ntroduction……………………………………………………............ 1
1.1 Background……………………………………………………............ 1
1.2 Research Purpose…………………………………………………….... 4

Chapter 2 Literature Review……………………………………………………... 6
2.1 Definition of Political Appointees……………………………………. 6
2.2 Feminism and Politics………………………………………................ 8
2.3 Factors Influencing Women to Participate in Politics…………............ 10
2.4 Personal Motive and Other Personal Factors..........….……………….. 14
2.5 Influence of Political Systems......…………………………….………. 18
2.6 Other Factors.................………………………………………………. 21

Chapter 3 Research Design……………………………………………………..... 27
3.1 Sampling.....................................................................……………….... 27
3.2 Interview Questions………………………………………………........ 29
3.3 Interview Process...........………………………………………............ 30

Chapter 4 Female Appointees in Taiwan….…………………..........…………..... 32
4.1 Personal Motive and Other Personal Factors..........….……………….. 32
4.2 Influence of Political Systems......…………………………….………. 49
4.3 Other Factors.................………………………………………………. 54
4.4 Female Political Research Results Comparison………………………. 64

Chapter 5 Women in Politics................................................................................... 68
5.1 Women Make a Difference..………………………………………….. 68
5.2 Appointive Factors.....................................…………………………… 69
5.3 Interactions with Parliaments and Other Departments………………. 71
5.4 Characteristics of Female Appointees………………………………… 78
5.5 Policy Suggestions from Our Interviewees…………………………… 79
Chapter 6 Policy Suggestions and Conclusions..………………………............... 88
6.1 Research Findings…………………………………………………….. 88
6.2 Policy Suggestions……………………………………………………. 90
6.3 Suggestions for Follow-up Study........................……………………... 91
Appendix I Political Appointment Positions……………………………………… 92
Appendix II Female Political Appointees Profile…………………………………... 99
Reference ………………………………………………………………………… 103
Tables

Table 1.1. Female Leaders in the World...................................................................... 2
Table 1.2. Gender Ratio of Population and Political Appointment..……………….. 2
Table 1.3. The Figure and Ratio of Female Representatives……………………….. 3
Table 2.1. Factors Influencing Female Political Participation……………………… 12
Table 4.1. Grass-root Activities of Interviewees………………………………….. 34
Table 4.2. Gender Ratio of College Students in Taiwan, 1966-2001……………….. 58
Table 4.3. Major Employment Pattern of Female Political Appointees…………….. 61
Table 4.4. Research Results Comparison between Our Research and Hsu’………... 64

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