近年來由於現代化社會都市機能的擴張，交通號誌時間週期應該如何設置，使其能避免交通壅塞、車流更順暢一直是個值得研究的問題。由於影響變因很多，許多不同觀點的交通模型在這二十年間陸續被提出來。在本論文中，我們嘗試一種不同的觀點，我們將道路交叉口轉化成點、道路轉化成線，進而把都市交通轉化成一簡單圖型模型。我們討論了這個模型的一些基本性質，並且利用這些性質設計一種試誤法和使用螞蟻演算法來找出能縮短所有車輛從出發點移動到終點等待時間的解。 實驗結果顯示螞蟻演算法可以在這個模型中找到相對較好的解，而試誤法找出來的解則受路口決定順序的影響很大。不過由於試誤法較為單純且時間複雜度不高，所以可以利用隨機性多嘗試幾次以期找出較好的解。

The traffic signal optimization problem is to find a traffic signal setting in a
traffic network such that vehicles could arrive at their destination with minimum
waiting time. The design of traffic signal setting to decrease waiting time for vehicles
moving on the roads in urban city is important but difficult. In this thesis, we
use a graph model to represent a traffic network. We propose two signal setting
algorithms, a fast heuristic approach and an evolutionary algorithm based on the
ant colony optimization (ACO) method, to give a good traffic signal setting. The
results show that we could find better solutions by ACO algorithms, and the heuristic
algorithm is faster but gets more total waiting time for vehicles. Furthermore, we
transform the traffic network data of Kaohsiung city in Taiwan into our traffic graph
model and test our algorithm on this traffic graph.

ABSTRACT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0
Chapter 1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Chapter 2. Preliminaries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2.1 Ant Colony Optimization Algorithm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Chapter 3. Problem Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
3.1 The Traffic Graph Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
3.2 The Scoring Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Chapter 4. Methodology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
4.1 Input Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
4.2 Signal Setting Order Generation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
4.3 The Signal Setting Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
4.3.1 The Heuristic Approach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
4.3.2 ACO Approach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
4.4 Testing of the Traffic Signal Setting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Chapter 5. Experimental Results and Discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Chapter 6. Conclusion and Future Work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
BIBLIOGRAPHY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

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