Responsive image
博碩士論文 etd-0829108-121742 詳細資訊
Title page for etd-0829108-121742
論文名稱
Title
利用全球浮標資料(Global Drifter Data)驗證西太平洋環流模式
Verification of a Western Pacific Circulation Model Using Global Drifter Data
系所名稱
Department
畢業學年期
Year, semester
語文別
Language
學位類別
Degree
頁數
Number of pages
86
研究生
Author
指導教授
Advisor
召集委員
Convenor
口試委員
Advisory Committee
口試日期
Date of Exam
2008-07-22
繳交日期
Date of Submission
2008-08-29
關鍵字
Keywords
內插法、浮標、數值模式
numerical model, interpolation, drifter
統計
Statistics
本論文已被瀏覽 5732 次,被下載 1604
The thesis/dissertation has been browsed 5732 times, has been downloaded 1604 times.
中文摘要
過去已經有許多的學者針對西北太平洋週遭海域的流場型態做過研究,然而依靠船舶量測及資料浮標等早期的現場觀測方式較難得到空間上全面性的資料,且常受限於人力與經費的限制,目前隨著電腦計算技術的進步,數值模式的解析度與精準度的提高,讓數值模式的發展亦成為了解海洋的方法之一。
目前已發展出許多海流模式,也有龐大的實測資料庫,但將兩者結合的研究不多,因此本研究的目的是以POLCOMS (Proudman Oceanographic Laboratory Coastal-Ocean Modeling System) 2002年西北太平洋附近(9.9°N~41.9°N,104.9°E~139.9°E)水理現象的模擬結果設計一些情況,與實測資料進行比對,並檢測模式的成效。
為了評估模式結果的精確度,利用模式的流速資料配合實測資料的初始位置,推算其模擬軌跡。但由於模式結果的時間間距為一天,空間間距為7.5分,為了得到更精細的結果,在時間維度上選用線性內插法(Linear interpolation)將模式結果內插得一小時的流速資料,又因實測資料的位置不一定在模式格點上,故在空間維度上使用二維雙線性內插法(Bilinear interpolation)內插至起始點上,再以起始點的經緯度、方位角與球面距離推測其漂浮軌跡,最後與全球浮標資料庫(National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration / Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, NOAA/AOML)之實測資料驗證。
經過評估後,可知各季節上模擬軌跡趨勢大致相符,證明此模式已有一定的準確度,但因為模式是以平均風場驅動表面流場,所以發生颱風等氣候異常現象時,模擬結果便無法與實測資料一致。建議未來模式能納入颱風期間的氣象資料,使驅動海流的風場資料更加完整。又模式可模擬海水溫度與鹽度,故未來亦可增加浮標溫度和鹽度方面的比較,以期了解西北太平洋流場的時空變化。
Abstract
The marine currents around the Pacific Northwest are researched by lots of scholars. The methods of the on-site observation, such as the shipping measurements and data buoys, were applied by researcher in the past. However, it is difficult to get comprehensive information on space by early methods, and it is often limited by the manpower and funding. With computer technology advances, numerical models get improving the accuracy and resolution. Therefore, development of the numerical models also becomes one of the methods to understand the ocean.
There are many current models and large databases which are developed. However, few studies combine the two. Therefore, this study adopts the simulated results of POLCOMS (Proudman Oceanographic Laboratory Coastal-Ocean Modeling System) in 2002 near the northwest Pacific (9.9° N ~ 41.9° N, 104.9° E ~ 139.9° E) to analyze some situations. The result can be compared with the measured data, and test the model.
In order to evaluate the accuracy of the results of the model, the simulated tracks can be calculated by the result of the model and the initial location of the measured data. However, the resolutions of time and space are only one day and 7.5 degree. Hence, the methods of linear interpolation and bilinear interpolation are applied to interpolate the model result in the time dimension and space dimension. By using the latitude and longitude of the initial points, the azimuth, and the geographic distance, the simulated tracks can be calculated. Therefore, the results of POLCOMS can be confirmed by global drifter data from NOAA/AOML.
According to the results of evaluating, the simulation trends of the seasons are similar to measured data. It can prove that this model has a certain degree of accuracy. However, simulation and the measured data can not be completely similar when abnormal weather phenomenon occurs. It is because the model was driven by the average wind field. There are suggestions to make the model complete by adding the weather information during the periods of the typhoons. Besides, the model can simulate the temperature and salinity of the ocean. Increasing the comparison of them will make the model integrated in the future, and obtain more correct information of the flow fields around the Pacific Northwest.
目次 Table of Contents
誌謝 I
摘要 II
Abstract IV
目錄 VI
圖目錄 VII
表目錄 XI
第一章 緒論 1
1.1前言 1
1.2文獻回顧 2
1.3研究動機與目的 6
第二章 資料來源與研究方法 8
2.1數值模式簡介 8
2.2浮標資料來源與簡介 30
2.3 內插法 34
2.4 研究方法 38
第三章 歷史浮標資料觀測結果與模式比對 40
3.1歷史浮標資料季節性之變化 42
3.2模式模擬結果 51
第四章 結論與建議 60
參考文獻 61
附錄一 球面距離的推算方法 66
參考文獻 References
1. Arakawa, A. and V. Lamb (1977) Computational design of the basic dynamical processes of the UCLA general circulation model. Methods in Computational Physics, Vol. 17, pp. 174-267
2. Centurioni, L. R., Niiler, P. P. and D.-K. Lee, (2004) Observations of inflow of Philippine Sea surface water into the South China Sea through the Luzon Strait, Journal of Physical Oceanography 34, pp. 113-121
3. Chern, C.-S., Wang J. and D.-P. Wang, (1990) The exchange of Kuroshio and East China Sea shelf water, Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 95, pp. 16017-16023
4. Chu, T.-Y., (1976) Study of the kuroshio current between the Taiwan and Ishigakijima, Acta Oceanographica Taiwanica 13, pp. 140-153
5. Chuang, W.-S. and W.-D. Liang, (1994) Seasonal Variability of Intrusion of the Kuroshio Water across the Continental Shelf Northeast of Taiwan, Journal of Oceanography, vol. 50, pp. 531-542
6. Emanuel, K., (2005b) Increasing destructiveness of tropical cyclones over the past 30 years, Nature 436, pp. 686-688
7. Emanuel, K.A., (2005a) Divine Wind-The History and Science of Hurricanes. Oxford University Press, New York.
8. Farris, A. and M. Wimbush (1996) Wind-induced Kuroshio intrusion into the South China Sea. Journal of Oceanography, Vol. 52, pp. 771-784.
9. Hansen, D. V. and Poulain, P. M., (1996) Processing of WOCE/TOGA drifter data, J. Atoms. Oceanic Technol., Vol. 13, pp. 900-909
10. Holt, J.T. and James, I.D., (2001) An s-coordinate density evolving model of the North West European Continental Shelf: Part 1 Model description and density structure, Journal of Geophysical Research 106C7, pp. 14015–14034.
11. Hsueh Y., Schultz J. R., Holland W. R. (1997) The kuroshio flow-through in the East China Sea: A numerical model, Prog. Oceanog., Vol. 39, pp79-108.
12. Hsueh Y., Wang J. and C.-S. Chern, (1992) The intrusion of the Kuroshio across the continental shelf northeast of Taiwan, Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 97, pp. 14323-14330
13. Hwang, C. and Den, S. A., (2000) Circulations and eddies over the South China Sea derived from TOPEX/Poseidon altimetry. J. Geophys. Res., Vol. 105, pp. 23943-23965
14. Jan, S. and S.-Y. Chao, (2003) Seasonal variation of volume transport in the major inflow region of the Taiwan Strait: the Penghu Channel, Deep-Sea Research II, Vol. 50, pp. 1117-1126.
15. Johns, W. E., T. N. Lee, D. Zhang, R. Zantopp, C.-T. Liu, Y. Tang (2001) The Kuroshio East of Taiwan: Moored Transport Observations from the WOCE PCM-1 Array. J. Phys. Oceanogr, Vol. 31, pp 1031-1053.
16. Levitus, S., J. I. Antonov, J. Wang, T. L. Delworth, K. W. Dixon, A. J. Broccoli (2001) Anthropogenic warming of Earth’s climate system, Science, Vol. 292, pp 267-270.
17. Liang, W.-D, Tang, T.Y., Yang, Y.J., Ko, M.T. and W.-S. Chuang, (2003) Upper-ocean currents around Taiwan, Deep-Sea Research II, Vol. 50, pp. 1085-1105
18. Lin, C.-Y., C.-Z. Shyu and W.-H. Shih, (1992) The Kuroshio fronts and cold eddies off northeastern Taiwan observed by NOAA-AVHRR imageries. Terrestrial, Atmospheric & Oceanic Sciences, Vol 3, pp. 225-242
19. Liu, C.-T., (1983) As the Kuroshio turns, Characteristics of the current, Acta Oceanographica Taiwanica, Vol. 14, pp. 88-95
20. Liu, J. T., Lin, H.-L. and J.-J. Hung, (2006) A submarine canyon conduit under typhoon conditions off Southern Taiwan, Deep-Sea Research I, Vol. 53, pp. 233-240
21. Metzger, E. J. and H. E. Hurlbert, (2001) The Nondeterministic Nature of Kuroshio Penetration and Eddy Shedding in the South China Sea, Journal of Physical Oceanography, Vol 31, pp. 1712-1732
22. Sonka M., V. Hlavac, and R. Boyle, (1999) Image Porcessing, Analysis, and Machine Vision, PWS Pubishing, pp. 67-68.
23. Niiler, P. P., Sybrandy A. S., Bi K., P., Poulain, M. and D. Bitterman, (1995) Measurements of the water following capability of holey-sock and TRISTAR drifters, Deep-Sea Research, 42A, pp. 1951-1964
24. Nitani, H. (1972) Beginning of Kuroshio. In: Kuroshio, University of Washington Press, Seattle, WA, pp. 129-163.
25. Oey, L. Y., Ezer, T., Wang, E.-P., Yin, X.-Q. and s.-J. Fan, (2007) Hurricane-induced motions and interaction with ocean currents, Continental Shelf Research, vol. 27, pp. 1249-1263
26. Proctor, J.T. Holt, J.I. Allen and J.C. Blackford, (2003) Nutrient fluxes and budgets for the North West European Shelf from a three-dimensional model, Science of the Total Environment 313–316, pp. 769–785
27. Shaw, P. T., (1989) The intrusion of water masses into the sea southwest of Taiwan, Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 94, pp. 18213-18226.
28. Shaw, P.-T. (1991) The seasonal variation of the intrusion of the Philippine Sea Water into the South China Sea, Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 96, pp. 921-827
29. Shaw, P. T. and S. T. Chao, (1994) Surface circulation in the South China Sea, Deep-Sea Res., Vol. 41, pp. 1663-1683
30. Tang, T.Y. and Y. J. Yang, (1993) Low frequency current variability on the shelf break northeast of Taiwan, Journal of Oceanography, Vol. 49, pp. 193-210
31. Tang, T.Y., Tai, J.H. and Y.J. Yang, (2000) The flow pattern north of Taiwan and migration of the Kuroshio, Continental Shelf Research 20, pp. 349-371
32. Tseng, R.-S. and Y.-T. Shen, (2003) Lagrangian observations of surface flow patterns in the vicinity of Taiwan, Deep-Sea Research II, Vol. 50, pp. 1107-1115
33. Wang, J and C.-S. Chern, (1992) On the deflection of a rotational, baroclinic jet by an angular coast with application to the branching of currents southwest of Taiwan, Acta Oceanographica Taiwanica, Vol. 29, pp. 18-33
34. Wu, C.-R., Chao, S.-Y. and C. Hsu, (2007) Transient, seasonal and interannual variability of the Taiwan Strait current, Journal of Oceanography, Vol. 63, pp. 821-833.
35. Wyrtki, K. (1961) Physical Oceanography of Southeast Asian Waters, Scientific Results of Marine Investigations of the South China and Gulf of Thailand, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, California, NAGA Report Vol. 2, pp. 195.
36. Yaremchuk, M. and T. Qu (2004) Seasonal variability of the large scale currents near the coast of the Philippines. Journal of Physical Oceanography, Vol. 34, pp. 844-855.
37. Zhang, D., T. N. Lee, W. E. Johns, C.-T. Liu, R. Zantopp (2001) The Kuroshio East of Taiwan: Modes of Variability and Relationship to Interior Ocean Mesoscale Eddies. J. Phys. Oceanogr, Vol. 31, pp. 1054-1074.
38. 王冑、陳慶生,1987,南海北部暖心渦流,台灣大學海洋學刊,第18卷,第92-113頁。
39. 王冑、陳慶生,2000,對黑潮入侵南海過程的一些觀察與看法,台灣大學海洋學刊,第卷38,第129-150頁。
40. 張育嘉,2008,台灣海峽及附近海域之流場觀測分析,博士論文,國立中山大學海洋生物科技暨資源學系研究所。
41. 陳明德,2001,探訪黑潮的過去與未來,地球科學園地第十八期。
42. 曾光明,2007,利用漂流浮球觀測南海北部表層環流的統計分析,碩士論文,國立中山大學海洋生物科技暨資源學系研究所。
43. 許至璁,2002,二維有限解析法明渠水理與輸砂模式之研發與應用,博士論文,國立交通大大學土木工程研究所。
44. Geographic Distance and Azimuth Calculations,
http://www.codeguru.com/Cpp/Cpp/algorithms/general/article.php/c5115/
電子全文 Fulltext
本電子全文僅授權使用者為學術研究之目的,進行個人非營利性質之檢索、閱讀、列印。請遵守中華民國著作權法之相關規定,切勿任意重製、散佈、改作、轉貼、播送,以免觸法。
論文使用權限 Thesis access permission:校內外都一年後公開 withheld
開放時間 Available:
校內 Campus: 已公開 available
校外 Off-campus: 已公開 available


紙本論文 Printed copies
紙本論文的公開資訊在102學年度以後相對較為完整。如果需要查詢101學年度以前的紙本論文公開資訊,請聯繫圖資處紙本論文服務櫃台。如有不便之處敬請見諒。
開放時間 available 已公開 available

QR Code