南極中層水 (Antarctic Intermediate Water, AAIW)對全球的氣候系統變化具有一定影響力，且在全球碳循環中扮演儲存庫的重要角色。過去多有學者致力探討AAIW在冰期與間冰期間的強度與空間變化，及如何影響全球的氣候。本研究利用取自西太平洋安東爪哇高原的岩心〈岩心MD052922C，岩心東經156°08.81’;南緯4°59.28’，水深1453公尺〉，分析其中底棲性有孔蟲Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi化石殼體上的鎂鈣比值，重建了西太平洋地區近18萬年來中層水的古水文紀錄，同時分析化石殼體上的稀土元素濃度，並計算其與鈣的比值，當作指示中層水深度古水團變化的指標。研究結果顯示西太平洋區域近18萬年的的中層水溫度變化範圍約在2.2~3.2℃，並無明顯的冰期/間冰期變化。在MIS 6時，底棲性有孔蟲C. wuellerstorfi的鎂鈣比值較高，而年代越靠近現代，計算得到的中層水溫度數值持續減少，可能指示南極中層水對熱帶太平洋地區的影響越來越明顯。。在MIS5時，總稀土元素與鈣濃度比值有一明顯增加的趨勢，據推測應是受到年紀較老的太平洋深層水持續湧昇所影響，然而導致湧昇的原因目前仍未完全了解。

The Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW) plays an important role on controlling globally climatic change. Numbers of researchers attempted to discuss whether AAIW across the equator or notduring glacial- interglacial transitions. In this study, we analyzed Mg/Ca and ΣREE/Ca on benthic foraminiferal species, Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi, from core MD052922C, which retrieved from western equatorial Pacific region, for revealing the long-term variations of Paleohydrology in intermediate water depths of tropical Pacific. Our evaluated results reveal that the Mg/Ca ratios ranging from 1.27 to 2.04 mmol/mol, and ranging between 2.2 and 3.2℃ when calculating into paleotemoeratures.Highest Mg/Ca can be observed in MIS 6. This finding implies that the present AAIW mean temperature is colder than glacials, and the present AAIW is well-ventilated than that in glacials.Higher ΣREEs/Ca values are usually well correlated with old and poor ventilated water masses. In our record, higher ΣREEs/Ca values are observed at MIS 5 impling that the intermediate depth water mass of the western tropical Pacific is poor ventilated when comparing to glacials.

目錄
論文審定書....................................................................................................................... i
誌謝................................................................................................................................. ii
中文摘要......................................................................................................................... iii
英文摘要......................................................................................................................... iv
目錄................................................................................................................................. v
圖次............................................................................................................................... vii
表次................................................................................................................................ ix
第一章 緒論.................................................................................................................... 1
1.1 前人研究............................................................................................................ 1
1.2 研究區域之水文環境........................................................................................ 2
1.3 研究原理與機制................................................................................................ 6
1.3.1 鎂鈣比值的意義........................................................................................... 6
1.3.2 稀土元素與鈣比值的意義.......................................................................... 7
1.4 研究目的........................................................................................................... 8
第二章 研究材料與分析方法........................................................................................ 9
2.1 研究材料........................................................................................................... 9
2.2 年代模式的建立..............................................................................................11
2.3 分析方法.......................................................................................................... 12
2.3.1 底棲性有孔蟲特性..................................................................................... 12
2.3.2 沉積物前處理............................................................................................. 12
2.3.3 鎂鈣比分析................................................................................................. 12
2.3.4 稀土元素分析............................................................................................. 15

第三章 研究結果.......................................................................................................... 16
3.1 鎂鈣分析結果.................................................................................................. 16
3.2 古海水氧同位素.............................................................................................. 25
3.3 稀土元素分析結果.......................................................................................... 27
第四章 討論.................................................................................................................. 31
4.1 影響鎂鈣比值的因素...................................................................................... 31
4.1.1 清洗殼體影響............................................................................................. 31
4.1.2 底棲性有孔蟲是否反映真實溫度............................................................. 33
4.1.3 不同水團影響............................................................................................. 33
4.2 影響稀土元素與鈣比值的因素...................................................................... 34
4.2.1 火山灰和海底火山影響............................................................................. 33
4.2.2 不同水團影響............................................................................................. 33
第五章 結論.................................................................................................................. 39
參考文獻........................................................................................................................ 40
附錄............................................................................................................................... 43

圖次
圖 1-1 現今南大洋中層水流徑分布圖。..................................................................... 4
圖 1-2 太平洋溫度剖面圖。......................................................................................... 5
圖 1-3(a) 北太平洋鹽度剖面圖。................................................................................ 5
圖 1-3(b) 北太平洋鹽度剖面圖。................................................................................ 5
圖 2-1 岩心採樣位置圖。............................................................................................ 10
圖 2-2 有孔蟲殼體鎂鈣的清洗步驟。....................................................................... 14
圖 3-1 鎂鈣對年代作圖。........................................................................................... 19
圖 3-2 底棲性有孔蟲鋁鈣、錳鈣、鐵鈣比值對年代做圖。.................................... 20
圖 3-3 MD052922C 岩心 C. wuellerstorfi 溫度對年代作圖。.................................. 21
圖 3-4 全球深度1500 公尺海水年均溫。................................................................. 21
圖 3-5 溫度、氧和碳同位素對年代作圖。............................................................... 23
圖 3-6(a) 氧同位素與鎂鈣的關係圖。...................................................................... 24
圖 3-6(b) 氧同位素與冰期與間冰期間鎂鈣的關係圖。.......................................... 21
圖 3-7(a) 古海水氧同位素對年代作圖。.................................................................. 26
圖 3-7(b) 古海水面變化曲線。.................................................................................. 26
圖 3-8 殼體中總稀土元素總量對年代作圖。........................................................... 28
圖 3-9 殼體中稀土元素總量與鈣的比值與錳鈣、鐵鈣鋁鈣的關係圖。............... 29
圖 3-10 殼體中稀土元素總量與鈣比值、氧同位素、碳同位素對年代作圖。..... 30
圖 4-1 鎂鈣元素比值對鋁鈣、錳鈣、鐵鈣之關係圖。........................................... 32
圖 4-2 岩性描述。....................................................................................................... 35
圖 4-3(a) 總稀土元素濃度。...................................................................................... 35
圖 4-3(b) 磁感率。...................................................................................................... 35
圖 4-3(a) 總輕稀土元素/總重稀土元素。................................................................. 35

圖 4-4 溫度、稀土元素與鈣比值、錳鈣對年代作圖。........................................... 38

表次
表1-1 太平洋中層水海域水團物理、化學性質與深度分布。................................... 3
表3-1 底棲性有孔蟲C. wuellerstorfi 使用的溫度公式整理。.................................. 17

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