論文使用權限 Thesis access permission:校內校外完全公開 unrestricted
開放時間 Available:
校內 Campus: 已公開 available
校外 Off-campus: 已公開 available
論文名稱 Title |
以不同方法分析活額寄居蟹之螺殼資源利用 Methodology on the Analysis of Shell Utilization of Hermit Crabs, Diogenes spp. in Shallow Waters |
||
系所名稱 Department |
|||
畢業學年期 Year, semester |
語文別 Language |
||
學位類別 Degree |
頁數 Number of pages |
85 |
|
研究生 Author |
|||
指導教授 Advisor |
|||
召集委員 Convenor |
|||
口試委員 Advisory Committee |
|||
口試日期 Date of Exam |
2010-06-18 |
繳交日期 Date of Submission |
2010-08-30 |
關鍵字 Keywords |
台灣、寄居蟹、螺殼資源、殼適性、主成分分析、彌陀、柴山、旗津、大鵬灣、典型變量分析、海蜷、亞潮帶、選殼 shell resource, hermit crab, shell adequacy index, shell utilization |
||
統計 Statistics |
本論文已被瀏覽 5689 次,被下載 1372 次 The thesis/dissertation has been browsed 5689 times, has been downloaded 1372 times. |
中文摘要 |
螺殼是寄居蟹生存上重要的資源,本研究利用主成分分析與典型變量分析兩種統計方式由螺殼的「大小」、「形狀」與「種類」三方面切入,並搭配單變量分析的組合,比較高雄市旗津近海兩種共域之活額寄區蟹利用螺殼的模式;並在實驗室內提供充足之螺殼任其選擇,以評估於野外的資源是否匱乏;最後與其他三個同樣位於高屏地區的族群整合(彌陀, 柴山, 大鵬灣),比較其中螺殼資源利用上的差異。 結果顯示兩個物種於旗津共用相同大小、形狀與種類的螺殼資源;但該資源中各種尺寸螺殼皆不夠充足,對不同大小的寄居蟹個體而言,缺乏的程度是相似的。 兩物種的個體大小有所差異,而種間利用螺殼的模式亦不同:相同的個體大小下Diogenes rectimanus 背負的殼較大、D. nitidimanus 背負的殼較小。特別的是在充足螺殼的實驗環境中,兩物種依然採用相同的模式,物種間對於螺殼亦無各自的偏好,顯示物種間可能沒有顯示競爭或資源分配的現象。 四個地區各種螺殼在大小上呈現連續並重疊的離散狀態,與寄居蟹大小的分布相符,顯示了不同個體依體型對殼的選擇,以及資源充分利用的狀態。 整體而言,高屏地區四個地點的螺殼資源相當類似,但其中殼種組成與其他因素仍造成不同地點間螺殼組成在大小與形狀上的變異,且有可能因此限制了該地寄居蟹族群的個體大小。 |
Abstract |
The shell utilization of two sympatric hermit carb species was studied in shallow waters of Kaohsiung and Pingtung, southern Taiwan. Principal components, canonical variates and univariate analysis was used to compare three major variables of shell resource: species, size, and shape between species and sites. The regression between crab and shell and shell adequacy index (SAI) revealed that two species shared the same resource which had shell size limitation in the field had different pattern. Shells used by Diogenes rectimanus were larger than those uesd by D. nitidimanus of same size. But the utilization pattern was the same under a shell sufficient condition in the laboratory, suggesting that there was no resource partitioning or competition between these two species. The size of shell composed a continuous morphological overlap at four different sites and shown a good consistency with crab size. This revealed the utilization of crabs in different size selected different shells and suggested a status of sufficient resource utilization. Although the shell resource were highly similar, but different composition of shell species and other factors could caused variances in shell size and shape between four sites, and caused crab size divergence among different populations. |
目次 Table of Contents |
第一章、前言.............................................................................................................................. 1 第二章、材料與方法.................................................................................................................. 7 一、採樣方式與地點.......................................................................................................... 7 二、形質測量方式.............................................................................................................. 7 三、「蟹-殼」之間相關形質的分析................................................................................. 8 四、實驗室之選殼實驗(實驗室選殼)................................................................................ 8 五、野外寄居蟹之螺殼測量實驗 (野外螺殼)................................................................... 9 六、促使寄居蟹活體離開螺殼的方法.............................................................................. 9 七、四地點螺殼利用之比較............................................................................................ 10 八、資料分析方式............................................................................................................ 11 九、統計軟體之參數設定................................................................................................ 13 第三章、結果........................................................................................................................... 15 一、「蟹-殼」之間相關形質的分析............................................................................... 15 二、兩種活額寄居蟹對螺殼資源的利用........................................................................ 17 三、四個地點螺殼利用之比較........................................................................................ 20 第四章、討論........................................................................................................................... 23 一、「蟹-殼」之間相關形質的分析.............................................................................. 23 二、兩種活額寄居蟹對螺殼資源的利用........................................................................ 26 三、四個地點螺殼利用之比較........................................................................................ 29 四、結論........................................................................................................................... 31 參考文獻.................................................................................................................................. 33 謝辭.......................................................................................................................................... 38 |
參考文獻 References |
Abrams P. (1978). Shell selection and utilization in a terrestrial hermit crab, Coenobita Compressus (H. Milne Edwards). Oecologia, 34, 239-253. Abrams P., Nyblade C. & Sheldon S. (1986). Resource partitioning and competition for shells in a subtidal hermit crab species assemblage. Oecologia, 69, 429-445. Alcaraz G. & Kruesi K. (2009). The role of previous shell occupancy in the wild on laboratory shell choice by the hermit crab Calcinus californiensis. Marine and Freshwater Behaviour and Physiology, 42, 55-62. Angel J.E. (2000). Effects of shell fit on the biology of the hermit crab Pagurus longicarpus (Say). Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 243, 169-184. Arguelles A., Alvarez F. & Alcaraz G. (2009). Shell architecture and its relation to shell occupation by the hermit crab Clibanarius antillensis under different wave action conditions. Scientia Marina, 73, 717-723. Asakura A. (1991). Population ecology of the sand-dwelling hermit crab Diogenes nitidimanus IV. Larval settlement. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 78, 139-146. Asakura A. (1995). Sexual differences in life history and resource utilization by the hermit crab. Ecology, 76, 2295-2313. Asakura A. & Godwin S. (2006). Diogenes patae n. sp., a new species of hermit crab (Crustacea, Decapoda, Anomura, Diogenidae) from American Samoa. Zoosystema, 28, 457-463. Bach C.E., Hazlett B. & Rittschof D. (1976). Effects of Interspecific competition on fitness of hermit crab Clibanarius Tricolor. Ecology, 57, 579-586. Bach C.E. & Hazlett B.A. (2009). Shell shape affects movement patterns and microhabitat distribution in the hermit crabs Calcinus elegans, C. laevimanus and C. latens. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 382, 27-33. Bertness M.D. (1980). Shell preference and utilization patterns in littoral hermit crabs of the bay of Panama. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 48, 1-16. Bertness M.D. (1981a). The influence of shell-type on hermit crab growth rate and clutch size (Decapoda, Anomura). Crustaceana, 40, 197-205. Bertness M.D. (1981b). Predation, physical stress, and the organization of a tropical rocky intertidal hermit crab community. Ecology, 62, 411-425. Billock W.L. & Dunbar S.G. (2009). Influence of motivation on behaviour in the hermit crab, Pagurus samuelis. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 89, 775-779. Boltt R.E. (1961). Antennary feeding of hermit crab Diogenes Brevirostris Stimpson. Nature, 192, 1099-1100. Briffa M. & Elwood R. (2005). Metabolic consequences of shell choice in Pagurus bernhardus: do hermit crabs prefer cryptic or portable shells? Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 59, 143-148. Briffa M. & Mowles S.L. (2008). Hermit crabs. Current Biology, 18, R144-R146. Brown J.L., Hazlett B.A. & Kaster C.H. (1993). Factors affecting the shell assessment behaviour of the hermit crab, Calcinus tibicen (Herbst, 1791) (Decapoda, Paguridea). Crustaceana, 64, 66-75. Chapple W.D. (1966). Asymmetry of motor system in hermit crab Pagurus Granosimanus Stimpson. Journal of Experimental Biology, 45, 65-&. Chapple W.D. (1973). Role of abdomen in regulation of shell position in hermit crab Pagurus Pollicarus. Journal of Comparative Physiology, 82, 317-332. Childress J.R. (1972). Behavioral ecology and fitness theory in a tropical hermit crab. Ecology, 53, 960-964. Compton T.J., Drent J., Kentie R., Pearson G.B., van der Meer J. & Piersma T. (2007). Overlap in the feeding morphology of bivalves from species-rich and species-poor intertidal flats using gill : palp ratios for comparative analyses of mollusc assemblages. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 348, 213-220. Cunningham C.W., Blackstone N.W. & Buss L.W. (1992). Evolution of king crabs from hermit crab ancestors. Nature, 355, 539-542. Ferson S., Rohlf F.J. & Koehn R.K. (1985). Measuring shape variation of two-dimensional outlines. Systematic Zoology, 34, 59-68. Fotheringham N. (1976). Effects of shell stress on growth of hermit crabs. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 23, 299-305. Fotheringham N. (1980). Effects of shell utilization on reproductive patterns in tropical hermit crabs. Marine Biology, 55, 287-293. Fraaije R.H.B. (2003). The oldest in situ hermit crab from the lower cretaceous of Speeton, UK. Palaeontology, 46, 53-57. Gherardi F. (1990). Competition and coexistence in two Mediterranean hermit crabs, Calcinus ornatus (Roux) and Clibanarius erythropus (Latreille) (Decapoda, Anomura). Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 143, 221-238. Gherardi F. (1994). Multiple feeding techniques in the sessile hermit crab,. Discorsopagurus schmitti, inhabiting polychaete tubes. Oecologia, 98, 139-146. Gherardi F. & Vannini M. (1993). Hermit crabs in a mangrove swamp: proximate and ultimate factors in the clustering of Clibanarius laevimanus. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 168, 167-187. Gilchrist S. (1984). Evaluation of hermit crab shell indexes. Marine Biology, 78, 147-151. Greenwood J.G. (1972). The mouthparts and feeding behavior of two species of hermit crabs. Journal of Natural History, 6, 325-&. Hahn D.R. (1998). Hermit crab shell use patterns: response to previous shell experience and to water flow. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 228, 35-51. Hazlett B.A. (1981). The behavioral ecology of hermit crabs. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 12, 1-22. Hazlett B.A. (1995). Behavioral plasticity in crustacea: why not more? Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 193, 57-66. Hellberg M.E., Balch D.P. & Roy K. (2001). Climate-driven range expansion and morphological evolution in a marine gastropod. Science, 292, 1707-1710. Innes D.J. & Bates J.A. (1999). Morphological variation of Mytilus edulis and Mytilus trossulus in eastern Newfoundland. Marine Biology, 133, 691-699. Ishikawa M., Kase T., Tsutsui H. & Tojo B. (2004). Snails versus hermit crabs: a new interpretation on shell-peeling predation in fossil gastropod assemblages. Paleontological Research, 8, 99-108. Kellogg C.W. (1976). Gastropod shells: a potentially limiting resource for hermit crabs. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 22, 101-111. Kellogg C.W. (1977). Coexistence in a hermit crab species ensemble. Biological Bulletin, 153, 133-144. Kuris A.M. & Brody M.S. (1976). Use of the principal components analysis to describe snail shell resource for hermit crabs. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 22, 69-77. Lancaster I. (1988). Pagurus bernhardus (L.) - an introduction to the natural history of hermit crabs. Field Studies, 7, 189-238. Madec L., Bellido A. & Guiller A. (2003). Shell shape of the land snail s in North Africa: unexpected evidence of a phylogeographical splitting. Heredity, 91, 224-231. Marko P.B. (2005). An intraspecific comparative analysis of character divergence between sympatric species. Evolution, 59, 554-564. McClintock T.S. (1985). Effects of shell condition and size upon the shell choice behavior of a hermit crab. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 88, 271-285. Mclaughlin P.A. (1983). Hermit crabs: are they really polyphyletic? Journal of Crustacean Biology, 3, 608-621. McLaughlin P.A. (2003). Illustrated keys to families and genera of the superfamily Paguroide (Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomura), with diagnoses of genera of Paguridae. Memoirs Museum Victoria, 60, 111-144. McLaughlin P.A. & Lemaitre R. (1997). Carcinization in the Anomura - fact or fiction? I. Evidence from adult morphology. Contributions to Zoology, 67, 79-123. McLaughlin P.A., Lemaitre R. & Sorhannus U. (2007a). Hermit crab phylogeny: A reappraisal and its "fall-out". Journal of Crustacean Biology, 27, 97-115. McLaughlin P.A., Lemaitre R. & Tudge C.C. (2004). Carcinization in the Anomura - fact or fiction? II. Evidence from larval, megalopal and early juvenile morphology. Contributions to Zoology, 73, 165-205. McLaughlin P.A., Rahayu D.L., Komai T. & Chan T.-Y. (2007b). A Catalog of the Hermit Crabs (Paguroidea) of Taiwan. National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan. Meireles A.L. & Mantelatto F.L. (2005). Shell use by the Pagurus brevidactylus (Anomura, Paguridae): a comparison between laboratory and field conditions. Acta Zoologica Sinica, 51, 813–820. Mitchell K.A. (1975). An analysis of shell occupation by two sympatric species of hermit crab. I. Ecological factors. Biological Bulletin, 149, 205-213. Mitchell K.A. (1976). Shell selection in the hermit crab Pagurus bernhardus. Marine Biology, 35, 335-343. Morrison C.L., Harvey A.W., Lavery S., Tieu K., Huang Y. & Cunningham C.W. (2002). Mitochondrial gene rearrangements confirm the parallel evolution of the crab-like form. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B-Biological Sciences, 269, 345-350. Morton B. & Yuen W.Y. (2000). The feeding behaviour and competition for carrion between two sympatric scavengers on a sandy shore in Hong Kong: the gastropod, Nassarius festivus (Powys) and the hermit crab, Diogenes edwardsii (De Haan). Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 246, 1-29. Mowles S.L., Cotton P.A. & Briffa M. (2009). Aerobic capacity influences giving-up decisions in fighting hermit crabs: does stamina constrain contests? Animal Behaviour, 78, 735-740. Oba T. & Goshima S. (2004). Temporal and spatial settlement patterns of sympatric hermit crabs and the influence of shell resource availability. Marine Biology, 144, 871-879. Oba T., Wada S. & Goshima S. (2008). Shell partitioning of two sympatric hermit crabs, Pagurus middendorffii and P. brachiomastus, in north-eastern Hokkaido, Japan. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 88, 103-109. Osorno J.L., Fernandez-Casillas L. & Rodriguez-Juarez C. (1998). Are hermit crabs looking for light and large shells? evidence from natural and field induced shell exchanges. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 222, 163-173. Ramsay K., Kaiser M.J. & Hughes R.N. (1996). Changes in hermit crab feeding patterns in response to trawling disturbance. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 144, 63-72. Ramsay K., Kaiser M.J. & Hughes R.N. (1997). A field study of intraspecific competition for food in hermit crabs (Pagurus bernhardus). Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science, 44, 213- 220. Ramsay K., Kaiser M.J. & Hughes R.N. (1998). Responses of benthic scavengers to fishing disturbance by towed gears in different habitats. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 224, 73-89. Raup D.M. (1961). Geometry of coiling in gastropods. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 47, 602-&. Raup D.M. (1962). Computer as aid in describing form in gastropod shells. Science, 138, 150- 152. Raup D.M. & Michelso A. (1965). Theoretical morphology of coiled shell. Science, 147, 1294-&. Reese E.S. (1963). The behavioral mechanisms underlying shell selection by hermit crabs. Behaviour, 21, 78-126. Reyment R.A. (1985). Multivariate morphometrics and analysis of shape. Journal of the International Association for Mathematical Geology, 17, 591-609. Rittschof D., Sarrica J. & Rubenstein D.R. (1995). Shell dynamics and microhabitat selection by striped legged hermit crabs, Clibanarius vittatus (Bosc). Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 192, 157-172. Schembri P.J. (1982 ). Feeding behaviour of fifteen species of hermit crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomura) from the Otago region, southeastern New Zealand. Journal of Natural History, 16, 859-878. Shih H.T. & Mok H.K. (2000). Utilization of shell resources by the hermit crabs Calcinus latens and Calcinus gaimardii at Kenting, southern Taiwan. Journal of Crustacean Biology, 20, 786-795. Terossi M., Esposito D.L.A., Meireles A.L., Biagi R. & Mantelatto F.L. (2006). Pattern of shell occupation by the hermit crab Pagurus exilis (Anomura, Paguridae) on the northern coast of Sao Paulo State, Brazil. Journal of Natural History, 40, 77-87. Tricarico E. & Gherardi F. (2006). Shell acquisition by hermit crabs: which tactic is more efficient? Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 60, 492-500. Turra A. (2003). Shell condition and adequacy of three sympatric intertidal hermit crab populations. Journal of Natural History, 37, 1781-1795. Turra A. & Leite F.P.P. (2002). Shell utilization patterns of a tropical intertidal hermit crab assemblage. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 82, 97- 107. Turra a. & Leite F.P.P. (2003). The molding hypothesis: linking shell use with hermit crab growth, morphology, and shell species selection. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 265, 155-163. Vance R.R. (1972a). Competition and mechanisms of coexistence in three sympatric species of intertidal hermit crabs. Ecology, 53, 1062-1074. Vance R.R. (1972b). The role of shell adequacy in behavioral interactions involving hermit crabs. Ecology, 53, 1075-1083. Walker S.E. (1989). Hermit crabs as taphonomic agents. Palaios, 4, 439-452. Wellington G.M. & Kuris A.M. (1983). Growth and shell variation in the tropical east- ern Pacific intertidal gastropod genus Purpura: Ecological and evolutionary implications. Biological Bulletin, 164, 518-535. Wilber T.P. (1989). Associations between gastropod shell characteristics and egg production in the hermit crab Pagurus longicarpus. Oecologia, 81, 6-15. Wilber T.P. (1990). Associations between crab morphology and gastropod shell species in the hermit crab Pagurus longicarpus. Journal of Crustacean Biology, 10, 134-138. Williams J.D. & McDermott J.J. (2004). Hermit crab biocoenoses: a worldwide review of the diversity and natural history of hermit crab associates. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 305, 1-128. Williamson P.G. (1981). Palaeontological documentation of speciation in Cenozoic molluscs from Turkana Basin. Nature, 293, 437-443. Zelditch M.L., Swiderski D.L., Sheets H.D. & Fink W.L. (2004). Geometric morphometrics for biologist: a primer. Elsevier Academic Press, New York. 中興工程顧問股份有限公司 (2009) 高雄市旗津海岸環境監測計畫 98年度報告 委託單位: 高雄市政府工務局下水道工程處 光宇工程顧問股份有限公司 (2009) 大鵬灣BOT開發計畫98∼100年施工階段環境監測 計畫 98年度報告 委託單位: 大鵬灣國家風景區管理處 京華環境工程股份有限公司 (2010) 高雄外海F構造油氣田開發計畫環境影響評估 99年 度其中報告 委託單位: 臺灣中油股份有限公司 林震岩 (2007) 多變量分析-SPSS 的操作與應用 智勝文化 台北市 施習德 (1990) 墾丁地區寄居蟹殼資源之利用 國立中山大學海洋生物研究所 碩士論文 洪吏院 (2008) 形態與分子證據闡述陸寄居蟹屬(Coenobita)之階段性陸棲演化與物種分 類鑑定 國立臺灣大學漁業科學研究所 碩士論文 張俊哲 (2005) “TAIWAN 2000-2003”深海生物航次採獲之寄居蟹分類研究 國立臺灣 海洋大學海洋生物研究所 碩士論文 符菊永 (1989) 台灣產寄居蟹類之研究 國立台灣海洋大學漁業研究所 碩士論文 許登壹 (2007) 西子灣海洋實驗場環境調查分析之研究 國立中山大學海下技術研究所 碩士 論文 黃建軍 (1992) 栗色珊瑚寄居蟹(Calcinus gnaimardii)之換殼行為研究 國立中山大學海洋 生物研究所 碩士論文 |
電子全文 Fulltext |
本電子全文僅授權使用者為學術研究之目的,進行個人非營利性質之檢索、閱讀、列印。請遵守中華民國著作權法之相關規定,切勿任意重製、散佈、改作、轉貼、播送,以免觸法。 論文使用權限 Thesis access permission:校內校外完全公開 unrestricted 開放時間 Available: 校內 Campus: 已公開 available 校外 Off-campus: 已公開 available |
紙本論文 Printed copies |
紙本論文的公開資訊在102學年度以後相對較為完整。如果需要查詢101學年度以前的紙本論文公開資訊,請聯繫圖資處紙本論文服務櫃台。如有不便之處敬請見諒。 開放時間 available 已公開 available |
QR Code |