本論文主要目的為討論支撐管線的夾持式支撐架，當其因受不同扭力施加而導致其與管線之接觸邊界改變，會如何影響導波在管線上之傳遞，並用有限元素法來模擬其波傳情況。本研究使用導波T(0,1)模態在圓管上傳遞為軸對稱的特性，當夾持式支撐架在受到不同扭力的壓力下，對於不同頻率之反射係數改變作探討。在有限元素法模擬中，採用所謂的「虛擬層」觀念來描述夾持式支撐架與管線間，因受不同扭力施加的改變情況，即可分別以垂直於界面層和平行於界面層的勁度來設定不同的材料參數以達到描述此一界面之改變。根據實驗結果顯示，當施加的扭力增高時，反射係數會隨著頻率增高而下降。由實驗與模擬的結果可以得出，當施加於夾持式支撐架之扭力增加時，所得的反射係數也會隨之提高，且證明了改變平行於界面層的勁度確實會因為導波T(0,1)模態作用力之方式，而對於平行於界面層的勁度產生較靈敏的反應。

In this study, to discuss the effect of the boundary between pipeline and clamp support changed by different pressures to the propagation of guided wave in the pipeline is the main idea. In addition, the author simulates the wave propagation situation by using finite element method. In this work, T(0,1) torsional mode was used to discuss when adding different pressures to the clamp support, the change of its reflection coefficients in different frequencies by the axial symmetric property propagates in the cylinder pipe. In the simulation, we take the “fictitious layer” was used to describe the situation between the clamp support and pipeline when adding different pressures. Moreover, the stiffness normal to the fictitious layer and the stiffness parallel to the fictitious layer were taken as material parameters to achieve the situation between clamp support and pipeline. According to experimental results, when the torque increases, the reflection coefficients will decrease with increasing frequency. The reflection coefficients are about 0.08 to 0.02. By the result of experiment and simulation, one can know that when adding torque on the clamp support increases, the reflection coefficient will decrease. In addition, the author also prove that if we change the stiffness parallel to the fictitious layer material factor, then the T(0,1) guided wave will be more sensitive by its action of particle motion.

目錄 …………………………………………………………………………i
表目錄 ……………………………………………………………………iii
圖目錄 ……………………………………………………………………iv
中文摘要 ……………………………………………………………………vii
英文摘要 ……………………………………………………………………viii
第一章 緒論 ………………………………………………………………1
1.1前言 ……………………………………………………1
1.2文獻回顧 ……………………………………………………3
1.3 研究方法 ……………………………………………………7
第二章 基本理論……………………………………………………………12
2.1導波於圓管中傳遞之波動方程式………………………………12
2.1.1縱向模態…………………………………………………15
2.1.2扭矩模態…………………………………………………15
2.1.3撓曲模態…………………………………………………15
2.2頻散曲線………………………………………………………16
2.3波形結構………………………………………………………18
2.4波形轉換………………………………………………………19
2.5弱界面之薄層模型……………………………………………20
第三章 實驗架構與模擬設定………………………………………………31
3.1實驗儀器設備……………………………………………………31
3.1.1實驗管件規格……………………………………………34
3.1.2實驗設定與架構…………………………………………35
3.2模擬設定…………………………………………………………36
3.2.1ANSYS有限元素軟體……………………………………36
3.2.2激發T(0,1)模態……………………………..……………38
3.2.3負載與求解…….…………………………………………39
3.2.4模擬T(0,1)傳經夾持式支撐架之波傳情形………..……40
第四章模擬與實驗之結果分析與討論………………………………………53
4.1實驗結果……………………………………………………… 53
4.2實驗結果討論 …………………………………………………54
4.3模擬結果 ……………………………………………………56
4.4虛擬層不同材料參數之設定(KT改變).……….……………..57
4.5模擬結果討論 ………………………………………………58
第五章 結論與建議 …………………………………………………………79
5.1結論 ……………………………………………………………79
5.2未來展望………………………………………………………...80
參考文獻 ……………………………………………………………………81

表目錄
表1.1 工業界現行主要之管線檢測法其原理與適用性…………………10
表3.1 模擬之材料參數設定………………………………………………43
表4.1 模擬之虛擬層各頻率反射係數，KL為8.6×109 Pa/mm，KT為
6.6×109 Pa/mm……………………………………………………60
表4.2 模擬之虛擬層各頻率反射係數，KL為8.6×109 Pa/mm，KT為
12×109 Pa/mm……………………………………………………60


圖目錄
圖1.1 六吋碳鋼管群波速度圖…………………………………………11
圖1.2 三吋碳鋼管波型結構，(a)70 kHz，L(0,2)，(b)55 kHz，T(0,1)……11
圖2.1 應用導波技術檢測管路缺陷示意圖………………………………24
圖2.2 無限長圓管（內徑為a，外徑為b）…………………………………24
圖2.3 不同n值之節點位移分佈………………………………………24
圖2.4 圓管上縱向模態波傳模式……………………………………25
圖2.5 圓管上扭矩模態波傳模式………………………………………25
圖2.6 圓管上撓曲模態波傳模式……………………………………25
圖2.7 六吋管中不同頻率的L(0,2)模態傳遞1.5 m訊號圖………………26
圖2.8 六吋碳鋼管相位速度頻散曲線…………………………………27
圖2.9 六吋碳鋼管群波速度頻散曲線…………………………………27
圖2.10 70 kHz L(0,2)模態之波形結構……………………………………28
圖2.11 T(0,1)模態之波形結構……………………………………………28
圖2.12 不連續面引發波式轉換示意圖……………………………………29
圖2.13 彈性波傳經分層結構物之示意圖………………………………29
圖2.14 波傳之質點陣動方向與假想彈簧之關係圖………………………30
圖2.15 分層結構與虛擬層示意圖…………………………………………30
圖3.1 GUL公司環狀陣列探頭（6吋管及8吋管）…………………44
圖3.2 訊號處理器（Wavemaker SE16）…………………………………44
圖3.3 Wave Pro……………………………………………………………45
圖3.4 Wave Pro回波訊號示意圖…………………………………………45
圖3.5 法蘭之回波訊號圖…………………………………………………46
圖3.6 焊道之回波訊號圖………………………………………………46
圖3.7 彎管之回波訊號圖…………………………………………………46
圖3.8 缺陷之回波訊號圖…………………………………………………47
圖3.9 實驗管件尺寸與探頭安裝位置圖…………………………………47
圖3.10 探頭安裝圖…………………………………………………………48
圖3.11 探頭安裝完成圖……………………………………………………49
圖3.12 施加扭力於夾持式支撐架示意圖…………………………………50
圖3.13 施加周向負載於邊界上..…………………………………………50
圖3.14 管線與夾持式支撐架之整體模型圖………………………………51
圖3.15 夾持式支撐架之模型………………………………………………51
圖3.16 虛擬層模型…………………………………………………………52
圖4.1 無扭力於夾持式支撐架，20 kHz之實驗(a)、0階(b)、1階(c)訊號圖…………………………………………………………………..61
圖4.2 無扭力於夾持式支撐架，25 kHz之實驗(a)、0階(b)、1階(c)訊號圖…………………………………………………………………….62
圖4.3 無扭力於夾持式支撐架，28 kHz之實驗(a)、0階(b)、1階(c)訊號圖……………………………………………………….…………63
圖4.4 無扭力於夾持式支撐架，32 kHz之實驗(a)、0階(b)、1階(c)訊號圖……………………………………………………………..……64
圖4.5 施加扭力30 in-lb於夾持式支撐架，20 kHz之實驗(a)、0階(b)、1階(c)訊號圖…………………………………………………………65
圖4.6 施加扭力30 in-lb於夾持式支撐架時，25 kHz之實驗(a)、0階(b)、1階(c)訊號圖……………………………………………………66
圖4.7 施加扭力30 in-lb於夾持式支撐架時，28 kHz之實驗(a)、0階(b)、1階(c)訊號圖………………………………………………………67
圖4.8 施加扭力30 in-lb於夾持式支撐架時，32 kHz之實驗(a)、0階(b)、1階(c)訊號圖…………………………………..................................68
圖4.9 施加扭力70 in-lb於夾持式支撐架時，20 kHz之實驗(a)、0階(b)、1階(c)訊號圖………………………………………………………69
圖4.10 施加扭力70 in-lb於夾持式支撐架時，25 kHz之實驗(a)、0階(b)、1階(c)訊號圖………………………………………………………..70
圖4.11 施加扭力70 in-lb於夾持式支撐架時，28 kHz之實驗(a)、0階(b)、1階(c)訊號圖……………………………………………………..…71
圖4.12 施加扭力70 in-lb於夾持式支撐架時，32 kHz之實驗(a)、0階(b)、1階(c)訊號圖………………………………………………………72
圖4.13 不同磅數施加於夾持式支撐架之反射係數（支撐架/左端法蘭）…73
圖4.14 32 kHz B處之0階時域圖，KL為3.15×1011 Pa/mm、KT為0.9×1011 Pa/mm………………………..……………………………………74
圖4.15 28 kHz B處之0階時域圖，KL為3.15×1011 Pa/mm、KT為0.9×1011 Pa/mm……………………………………………………………75
圖4.16不同頻率模擬結果，KL為8.6×109 Pa/mm，KT為6.6×109 Pa/mm…76
圖4.17 18 kHz之0階訊號回波圖…………………………………………77
圖4.18 32 kHz之0階訊號回波圖…………………………………………77
圖4.19 18 kHz之0階訊號回波圖..…..……………………………………78
圖4.20 32 kHz之0階訊號回波圖…………………………………………78

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