為了解台灣海峽及鄰近海域潮流與環流變化，本研究利用非結構性網格模式，建立高解析度之數值模式，該模式為半隱式法求解水體運動，可透過較大之時間步長計算。由於以非結構性網格構建，適合用以解析複雜岸線與水深變化，模式範圍南至菲律賓、北至長江口南側、東至宮古島東側、西至香港東側，使用國科會海洋學門資料庫500公尺解析度水深資料(TaiDBMv6)，並以水深控制網格大小，最小解析度約為0.75分，最大解析度為13分，以FES2004作為潮流邊界輸入，含8個主要分潮，模式經校驗後，模擬結果與沿岸34個潮位站之水位資料進行比對，以2009年計算結果作為評估，全年所有測站水位時序之平均均方根誤差為10.1cm，台灣東部測站之平均誤差約小於5cm，最大誤差為塭港與馬祖，約為25cm左右，其誤差造成原因除資料品質外，近岸地形資料亦影響模式計算結果。環流模式以GFS作為氣象條件，並將氣象局NFS-MC風場納入，為加速海流模式之計算收斂，初始場以2009年HYCOM資料作為參考，同時利用其溫鹽資料進行同化，模式計算之黑潮主流通量大致與文獻相符，最大值發生於夏季，約為28.6Sv，最小值則於冬季，約為8.3Sv，全年平均約為17.0±3.2Sv。

In order to understand tidal circulation and oceanic current for the seas around Taiwan, this study use a baroclinic unstructured grid model to build a high resolution model. This model use semi-implicit method to solve the dynamic of ocean movement and larger time step can be used to calculate. Unstructured grid can be used to resolve complex coastline and variation of depth. TaiDBMv6 depth data were chosen to describe the depth distribution and grid mesh size were determined by local depth, minimum mesh size is about 0.75 minutes, and maximum 13 minutes. Tidal boundaries use 8 constituents derived from FES2004 and calibrated with 34 tide station records. Data of 2009 were used to evaluate the model results. The average of all station root mean square error was 10.1 cm. Station at east side of Taiwan have smaller errors, which almost lower than 5 cm. The maximum error can be found inside Taiwan Strait, about 25cm, mainly caused by lack of depth data near the coastal area. For oceanic current model, GFS and NFS-MC CWB wind forecast were used as meteorology input. Initial fields and boundary condition are derived from HYCOM results. Nudging of salinity and temperature also were used to stabilize the model. Transport of Kuroshio of 2009 is about 17.0±3.2Sv. Maximum value is about 28.6Sv, occurred in summer. Minimum value is about 8.3Sv, occurred in winter.

誌謝 …………………………………………………….………………………...I
摘要………………………………………………………….………………………..II
Abstract..…………………………………………………….……………………….III
目錄…………………………………………………………………………………..IV
圖目錄………………………………………………………………………………..VI
表目錄…………………………………………………………………………….......X

第 一 章 緒論…………………………………………………………………..….1

第 二 章 模式選擇
2.1 模式構建需求…………………………………………………………………...7
2.2 定網格模式……………………………………………………………………...7
2.2.1 COHERENS……………………………………………………………………7
2.2.2 POLCOMS……………………………………………………………………..9
2.2.3 ROMS………………………………………………………………………….13
2.3 非結構性網格模式……………………………………………………………..19
2.3.1 FVCOM………………………………………………………………………..19
2.3.2 SELFE………………………………………………………………………….23
2.4 模式的比較與最後選擇………………………………………………………...26

第 三 章 模式基本測試與台灣海域細網格之構建
3.1 模式基本測試…………………………………………………………………...27
3.1.1 表面作用力……………………………………………………………………27
3.1.2 潮汐測試………………………………………………………………………28
3.1.3 淡水入流………………………………………………………………………32
3.2 台灣海域細網格之構建………………………………………………………...34

第 四 章 台灣海域潮流模式
4.1 模式參數與設定………………………………………………………………...39
4.1.1 邊界條件………………………………………………………………………40
4.1.2 模式設定………………………………………………………………………42
4.2 模式校驗………………………………………………………………………...42
4.2.1 摩擦係數………………………………………………………………………46
4.2.2 邊界調整………………………………………………………………………47
4.3 模式結果與分析………………………………………………………………...49
4.3.1 各站時序比對…………………………………………………………………49
4.3.2 調和常數比對…………………………………………………………………58

第 五 章 台灣海域環流模式
5.1 模式構建與設定………………………………………………………………..69
5.2 模式結果與分析………………………………………………………………..70
5.2.1 SSH…………………………………………………………………………….70
5.2.2 模式SST與MODIS之比較…………………………………………………73
5.2.3 流場比較………………………………………………………………………79
5.2.4 通量計算………………………………………………………………………89
5.2.5 淡水入流測試…………………………………………………………………93

第 六 章 結論與建議……………………………………………………………104

參考文獻……………………………………………………………………………105

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