鑑定自1991起2002止在台灣100個地區收集到的蜈蚣標本316件，全部為5屬，Scolopendra, Rhysida, Otostigmus, Cryptops, Scolopocryptops (過去是 Otocryptops) 16種(亞種)。經比較過去高桑良興(1940)和王友燮(1955-1963)的記錄，並且比對英國自然史博物館(BMNH)、中國科學院動物所(IZCAS)和國立自然科學博物館(NMNS)的標本，發現其中3種是台灣新記錄，分別是：Scolopocryptops capillipedatus (Takakuwa, 1938), Scolopocryptops melanostomus melanostomus Newport, 1845 和 Cryptops japonicus Takakuwa, 1934.，也有先前記錄的6種和2亞種如今並未發現。一個分類地位的修正， Scolopendra multidens Newport, 1844過去曾經被Kraepelin (1903)視為Scolopendra subspinipes的亞種之一。但事實上，二者之間存在著一些顯著的差異，例如雄性生殖附肢的有無、具棱緣的背板數目和第20步肢是否具跗節刺，因此，應回復其原有獨立種的地位。而Scolopendra subspinipes japonica 可能是Scolopendra multidens 的亞種或地理上變異，因二者間的差異僅在頭板的顏色和胸板的平行縱溝線，但這尚需更進一步驗證。至於Scolopendra subspinipes mutilans可能是S. s. subspinipes的未成年個體，因為二者間僅存在著頭板顏色和體形大小的差異。過去曾記錄的5種和2亞種並未發現，基於個體的測量，我提出Rhysida longipes brevicornis Takakuwa, 1932 應是 Rhysida longipes longipes (Newport, 1845)的異名, Rhysida nuda brevicornuta Wang, 1951應是Rhysida immarginata immarginata (Porat, 1876); 以及Otostigmus insularis Hasse, 1887 、Otostigmus striatus Takakuwa, 1940和 Otostigmus malayanus Chamberlin, 1914應是 Otostigmus scaber Porat, 1876的同種異名。同時，我們並未在台灣發現Otostigmus multispinosus Takakuwa, 1937，而只發現其相似物種Otostigmus aculeatus Haase, 1887，因此O. multispinosus這一物種應是錯誤的鑑定。

Between 1991 and 2002 three hundred and sixteen specimens of scolopendromorphs were collected from 100 sites in Taiwan. In total, 16 species (subspecies) of 5 genera, Scolopendra, Rhysida, Otostigmus, Cryptops, Scolopocryptops (formerly Otocryptops) were found. Three species are new by record to Taiwan, i.e., Scolopocryptops capillipedatus (Takakuwa, 1938), Scolopocryptops melanostomus melanostomus Newport, 1845 and Cryptops japonicus Takakuwa, 1934. A revisionary status, Scolopendra multidens Newport, 1844, formerly regarded as a subspecies of Scolopendra subspinipes by Kraepelin in 1903, is now a valid species, distinguished by the presence of genital appendages in males, margined tergites, and the presence of a tarsal spine on 20th leg. A new status, Scolopendra subspinipes japonica L. Koch 1878 maybe a subspecies or a geographic variation of Scolopendra multidens Newport, 1844, because they only differ in the color of head capsule and sternital paramedian sutures. But it must be demonstrated further. In the case of Scolopendra subspinipes mutilans, it may be a young S. subspinipes subspinipes, because they only differ in the color of head capsule and body size. Five previously recorded species and 2 subspecies were, however, not found on the island during this study. Based on body measurements, it is proposed that Rhysida longipes brevicornis Takakuwa, 1932 = Rhysida longipes longipes (Newport, 1845), Rhysida nuda brevicornuta Wang, 1951 = Rhysida immarginata immarginata (Porat, 1876), and Otostigmus insularis Hasse, 1887 = Otostigmus malayanus Chamberlin, 1914 = Otostigmus scaber Porat, 1876. We did not find any specimens resembling the description of Otostigmus multispinosus Takakuwa, 1937. It could have been misidentified, as the presence of a very similar species Otostigmus aculeatus Haase, 1887 on the island.

CONTENTS
ABSTRACT iv
中文摘要 v
ACKNOWLEGEMENTS vi
中文謝辭 vi
INTRODUCTION 1
Class Chilopoda 1
Order Scolopendromorpha 2
Morphology 2
Systematics 3
Historical resume of Scolopendromorpha of Taiwan 4
Problems with the taxonomy and phylogeny of Scolopendromorpha of Taiwan 5
Object of this work 6
MATERIAL and METHODS 7
Materials 7
Collection 7
Methods 7
TAXONOMIC ACCOUNTS 9
Class Chilopoda 9
Order Scolopendromorpha 9
Family Scolopendridae 11
Subfamily Scolopendrinae 11
Genus Scolopendra 11
Scolopendra morsitans 12
Scolopendra multidens 14
Scolopendra subspinipes mutilans 15
Scolopendra subspinipes subspinipes 17
Subfamily Otostigminae 18
Genera Otostigmus 18
Otostigmus aculeatus 19
Otostigmus astenus 21
Otostigmus scaber 22
Genus Rhysida 24
Rhysida immarginata immarginata 25
Rhysida longipes longipes 27
Family Cryptopidae 29
Subfamily Cryptopinae 30
Genus Cryptops 30
Cryptops japonicus 30
Cryptops nigropictus 31
Subfamily Scolopocryptopinae 32
Genus Scolopocryptops 32
Scolopocryptops capillipedatus 33
Scolopocryptops curtus 34
Scolopocryptops melanostomus melanostomus 36
Scolopocryptops rubiginosus 36
Scolopocryptops sexspinosus 37
LITERATURE CITED 40
INDEX TO FIGURES
Fig. 1. A Scolopendromorph of Taiwan 45
Fig. 2. A Geophilomorph of Taiwan 45
Fig. 3. A Lithobiomorph of Taiwan 45
Fig. 4. A Scutigeromorph from Taiwan 45
Fig. 5. The spiracles of Chilopoda 46
Fig. 6. The head capsule of Scolopendromorpha 46
Fig. 7. The mouthpart of Scolopendromorpha 46
Fig. 8. The tergites 18 to 21 of Rhysida longipes 47
Fig. 9. The sternites 16 to 21 of Otostigmus aculeatus 48
Fig. 10. The pleurites, coxopleurite and coxopleural process 48
Fig. 11. The last legs of Scolopendromorpha 49
Fig. 12. The last tergite and terminal segment of Scolopendromorpha 49
Fig. 13. The characters of family Scolopendridae 50
Fig. 14. The spiracle of Scolopendra 51
Fig. 15. The claw of leg of Scolopendra s. subspinipes 51
Fig. 16. Scolopendra morsitans 52
Fig. 17. Scolopendra multidens 54
Fig. 18. Scolopendra s. mutilans 54
Fig. 19. Scolopendra subspinipes subspinipes 57
Fig. 20. Spiracles of Otostigmus 57
Fig. 21. Otostigmus aculeatus 57
Fig. 22. Otostigmus astenus 59
Fig. 23. Otostigmus scaber 60
Fig. 24. Spiracles of Rhysida 62
Fig. 25. Rhysida immarginata immarginata 63
Fig. 26. Rhysida longipes longipes 64
Fig. 27. The angle of sulci and antennal length of R. l. longipes from Taiwan 66
Fig. 28. Scolopocryptopidae 67
Fig. 29. Cryptops Miyoshi, 1982 68
Fig. 30. Cryptops japonicus 69
Fig. 31. Cryptops nigropictus 69
Fig. 32. Prefemur of end legs of Scolopocryptops melanostoma melanostoma 71
Fig. 33. Scolopocryptops capillipedatus 71
Fig. 34. Scolopocryptops curtus 73
Fig. 35. Scolopocryptops m. melanostomusa 74
Fig. 36. Scolopocryptops rubiginosus 75
Fig. 37. Scolopocryptops sexspinosus 76
INDEX TO MAPS
Map 1. The sites of collection of Scolopendromorpha in Taiwan 78
Map 2. The sites of collection of Scolopendra morsitans in Taiwa 79
Map 3. The sites of collection of Scolopendra multidens in Taiwan 80
Map 4. The sites of collection of Scolopendra subspinipes mutilans from Taiwan 81
Map 5. The sites of collection of Scolopendra subspinipes subspinipes in Taiwan 82
Map 6. The sites of collection of Otostigmus acleatus in Taiwan 83
Map 7. The sites of collection of Otostigmus astenus in Taiwan 84
Map 8. The sites of collection of Otostigmus scaber in Taiwan 85
Map 9. The sites of collection of Rhysida immarginata immarginata in Taiwan 86
Map 10. The sites of collection of Rhysida longipes longipes from Taiwan 87
Map 11. The sites of collection of Cryptops japonicus in Taiwan 88
Map 12. The sites of collection of Cryptops nigropictus in Taiwan 89
Map 13. The sites of collection of Scolopocryptops capillipedatus in Taiwan 90
Map 14. The sites of collection of Scolopocryptops curtus in Taiwan 91
Map 15. The sites of collection of Scolopocryptops m. melanostomus in Taiwan 92
Map 16. The sites of collection of Scolopocryptops rubiginosus in Taiwan 93
Map 17. The sites of collection of Scolopocryptops sexspinosus in Taiwan 94
INDEX TO TABLES
Table 1. Faunistical list of Taiwanese scolopendromorpha 95
Table 2. In comparison with the list of Takakuwa, Wang and This study 97
Table 3. The taxonomic characters of Scolopendra from NSYSUB, NMNS and IZCAS 98
Table 4. The comparison of O. multispinosus, O. aculeatus and Taiwanese specimens 98

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