本實驗研究雄化對蚵岩螺(Thais clavigera)及紅棕岩螺(T. rufotincta)生殖形態的影響。 從台灣西海岸- 香山、台西、布袋、七股和東港的蚵岩螺調查發現，各採樣點的性比都接近1:1；而雄化的程度以相對陰莖指數(RPS- Relative Penis Size)來看，蚵岩螺的雄化程度較紅棕岩螺高，分別是4.5-43.5%與0-0.19%。RPS值有季節性變動，是由於雌雄螺的陰莖長度會隨著生殖季(3月)變長，但各樣點的季節變動趨勢不一致，香山和台西3月生殖季的RPS值較8月的非生殖季高，布袋和七股則相反，推測可能與當地當季環境中的有機錫—三丁基錫(TBT- tributyltin)和三苯基錫(TPT- triphenyltin)的濃度有關。 雄化對於蚵岩螺生殖系統的影響，主要是雄化的雌螺長出陰莖和輸精管，較嚴重的個體其生殖開口受到過度生長的輸精管阻塞，造成卵鞘堆積在卵鞘腺內(卵鞘腺阻塞)，其中布袋發生卵鞘腺阻塞的百分比高達50%，香山和台西則分別是7.7%和9.7%，而七股則是0%。 其他生殖附屬器官-卵鞘腺和前列腺的長度，都隨著生殖季而顯著變大，地點間也有顯著差異。 在蚵岩螺和紅棕岩螺3月的生殖腺組織發現，雄螺精巢組織內曲細精管裡有各發育階段的精細胞；而雌螺卵巢也充滿了成熟的卵細胞，只有香山和布袋蚵岩螺的卵巢內發現大量血細胞，血細胞的出現可能是雄化影響所致。 實驗室內給予蚵岩螺幼螺TBT和TPT處理44天後，雌螺的陰莖增長與對照組沒有顯著的差異，且精巢和卵巢發育正常。 總之，雄化對於紅棕岩螺的生殖形態並未發現嚴重的影響，而蚵岩螺生殖開口受阻造成雌螺無法產下卵鞘，不過雄化的雌螺卵巢組織內尚未發現精巢組織發育，只發現有血細胞，而雄螺的精巢組織也沒有異常現象。

Morphological and histological studies of imposex has been studied in the oyster drills, Thais clavigera and T. rufotincta. The sex ratios of the collected samples were close to 1:1 among sites of Shunsun, Taishi, Budai, Chiku and Donkang. The relative penis sizes (RPS values) of T. clavigera were higher than T. rufotincta, indicating a high imposex degree in T. clavigera. The RPS values of T. clavigera showed seasonal variations, because the penis length of males and females were longer in the reproductive season, but the trends were inconsistent among the sampling sites. The RPS values in Shunsun and Taishi were higher in March (reproductive season) and lower in August (non-reproductive season), but Budai and Chiku were in a contrary way. It is suggested that the inconsistent patterns may result from temporal and spacial variations of tributyltin (TBT) and triphenyltin (TPT) concentrations among sites. For imposex females, they all developed penis and vas deferens. In the heaviest affected female T. clavigera, aborted egg capsules within the capsule gland that renders the female sterile has been observed. The percentage of capsule gland blockage in Shunsun, Taishi, Budai and Chiku were 7.7%, 9.7%, 50% and 0%, respectively. Other accessory sex organs, i.e. the lengths of capsule gland and prostate glands were all longer in reproductive season, and the difference among sampling sites were also significant.
In histological studies of T. clavigera and T. rufotincta, the male testis tissue from all sampling sites contained all developing stages sperm cells in March; as females from March, the ovary tissues were full with mature oocytes. However, in Shunsun and Budai, there were many hemocytes found in the ovary tissues of T. clavigera that might result from imposex. In lab-experiments, T. clavigera were treated with TBT and TPT for 44 days, there was no difference in female penis length between control and TBT or TPT treated groups. The ovary and testis tissues were all developed normally. In general, there is no obvious abnormality in imposexd T. rufotincta. On the contrary, in T. clavigera, the female opening (vulva) occluded by overgrowing vas deferens which might prevent the spawning of egg capsules. In addition, some hemocytes were found in the ovary tissues in T. clavigera and the phenomenon of sex change was not observed. Meanwhile, no obvious abnormality was observed in the testis tissues of T. clavigera.

目錄

章次 頁次
中文摘要……………………………………………………………………………..Ⅲ
英文摘要……………………………………………………………………………..Ⅳ
目錄…………………………………………………………………………………..Ⅵ
表目錄………………………………………………………………………………..Ⅶ
圖目錄………………………………………………………………………………..Ⅷ
附錄…………………………………………………………………………………..Ⅸ
一、緒論………………………………………………………………………………1
二、材料方法…………………………………………………………………………8
三、結果……………………………………………………………………………..11
四、討論……………………………………………………………………………..17
參考文獻………………………………………………………………...………….23

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