人工濕地(constructed wetland, CW)是一種自然淨化的程序，以人工濕地處理工業廢水或生活汙水在許多國家已廣泛的被應用，而汙水處理型之人工濕地必須依賴最佳化的操作參數方能達到處理效果。本研究以高屏溪右岸舊鐵橋人工濕地為例，利用定期的水質及水文監測各項參數之變化情形，評估此濕地對於永豐餘紙廠二級處理放流水(A系統)及竹寮溪溝生活廢水(B系統)的處理效益。研究結果顯示，濕地A、B兩系統的平均流量分別為10,968 m3/day及13,147 m3/day，平均水力負荷分別為0.085 m/day及0.096 m/day，平均水力停留時間分別為5.4天及10.7天。在A、B兩系統的去除率中，生化需氧量(BOD)為63.4-71.7%，化學需氧量(COD)為39.5-4.4%，氨氮(NH4-N)為28.1-39.5%，總氮(TN)為17.1-40.3%，總磷(TP)為5.4-45.5%，大腸桿菌(TC)為91.1-98.7%。懸浮固體物(SS)的去除效率不佳，主要原因為植物未定期收割所致。汙染物進出流濃度以出流機率法(effluent probability method, EPM)評估之結果得知，當汙染物的進流濃度較高時，濕地系統會有較佳的處理效能。另外在汙染負荷 (pollutant loading rate, PLR)與去除速率及出流濃度的關係中，發現各汙染物對PLR的變化有一定的影響。在一階反應去除速率常數K值及溫度的關係中，各汙染物去除效率與溫度並無明顯的相關性。以上研究結果，可作為日後以人工濕地處理廢汙水或整治受汙染之河川之重要參考依據。

Constructed wetland (CW) system is one natural purifying process. Using the CW systems to treat industrial wastewater or domestic sewage has been extensively application in many countries. Constructed wastewater treatment wetland must depend on the optimal operation parameters to achieve the best treatment efficiency. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effectiveness of Kaoping River Rail Bridge Constructed Wetland (KPCW) on contaminated river water treatment. The major influents came from the treated industrial
wastewater from a paper mill [Yuen Foong Yu paper manufacturing company (System A)] and local drainage system (Chu Liao River) containing untreated domestic wastewater (System B).Results from this study show that the measured flow rates for Systems A and B systems were 10,968 and 13,147 m3/day, respectively. The hydraulic loading rates (HLR) and hydraulic retention time (HRT) for Systems A and B were 0.085 and 0.096 m/day, and 5.4 and 10.7 d, respectively. The average removal efficiencies for both systems ranged from 63.4-71.7% for biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), 39.5-44.4% for chemical oxygen demand (COD), 28.1-39.5% for ammonia nitrogen (NH4-N), 17.1-40.3% for total nitrogen (TN), 5.4-45.5% for total phosphorus (TP), and 91.1-98.7% for total coliform (TC). Reduction in suspend solid (SS) concentration was ineffective in both systems. This was due to the irregular harvest of the plants in the wetland. Results from the effluent probability method (EPM) evaluation indicate that the removal efficiency increased with the increase in influent pollutant concentration. Moreover, variations in pollutant loading rate (PLR) would affect both the removal rates and effluent concentrations. The experience obtained from this project will be helpful in designing similar natural water treatment systems for river water quality improvement for other river basins.

謝誌........................................I
摘要.......................................II
Abstract..................................III
目錄.......................................IV
表目錄.....................................VI
圖目錄....................................VII
第一章 前言.................................1
第二章 文獻回顧.............................3
2.1 濕地概論................................3
2.1.1 濕地的定義............................3
2.1.2 濕地的結構............................4
2.1.3 濕地水文..............................6
2.1.4 濕地土壤..............................7
2.1.5 濕地植物..............................7
2.1.6 濕地的類型............................8
2.2 人工濕地................................9
2.2.1 人工濕地的分類及功能..................9
2.2.2 人工濕地水質淨化的處理機制...........12
2.2.3 人工濕地植物的功能...................16
2.2.4 水生植物的去除機制...................17
2.2.5 人工濕地的應用.......................18
第三章 研究設備及方法......................21
3.1 高屏溪右岸舊鐵橋人工濕地系統概述.......21
3.1.1 場址背景.............................21
3.1.2 場址水文.............................22
3.1.3 場址植物.............................24
3.2 水質採樣及水文調查.....................25
3.3 水質分析項目...........................26
3.4 處理效益評估方法.......................27
3.5.1 汙染物效益評估.......................27
3.5.2 出流機率法及盒鬚圖法.................28
3.5 一階反應去除速率常數...................31
3.6 卡爾森優養指標.........................32
3.7 數據資料整理...........................32
第四章 結果與討論..........................35
4.1 濕地水文操作參數.......................35
4.2 現場水質變化...........................35
4.3 水質淨化效益評估.......................41
4.3.1 汙染物去除率.........................41
4.3.2出流機率法及盒鬚圖....................53
4.3.3 汙染物負荷與去除速率、出流濃度關係...71
4.3.4 一階反應去除速率常數.................87
4.4 濕地植物與水質變化的關係...............96
4.4.1 濕地植物分佈調查結果.................96
4.4.2 濕地植物與水質之關係.................98
4.5濕地優養化情形.........................100
第五章 結論與建議.........................101
5-1 結論..................................101
5-2 建議..................................102
參考文獻..................................105
附錄A 濕地植物生長情形....................111
附錄B 濕地各系統單元監測數據..............115

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