水下靜態目標物種類繁多，舉凡在水下無法進行自主性移動之物體，皆可納入此類別中。水下靜態目標物之探測，可應用之儀器包括：光學設施、聲學設施與地球物理設施等三種。
本研究在於應用整合型水下探測系統進行屏東縣海口魚礁區軍艦礁與其它類型礁體之調查與現況描繪。全區現場調查工作共進行四次，分別為九十三年四月十四日、九十五年七月二十日、九十六年三月三日與九十六年十月三十日。調查期間同步使用側掃聲納系統、磁力儀及回聲測深儀等儀器，進行水下靜態目標物搜尋。根據儀器之特性，探勘使用之儀器以側向掃描聲納進行海床調查為主。將側掃聲納收集之聲學影像資料，依據目標物於海床上之細部特徵及地理坐標位置加以判讀，藉以完成目標物辨識及目標物分布狀況描繪，探測結果確認本區之軍艦礁為中榮艦。該艦於九十三年探測期間坐落於水深32~42公尺處，艦艉有一條錨鏈懸垂於海床上，四周散佈大量之水泥質人工魚礁。
運用Ozi-Explorer軟體對軍艦礁進行之位置與位態量測結果顯示，第一次與第三次探勘期間，軍艦礁有明顯位移現象，位移距離可達250公尺。造成軍艦礁大量位移之原因推測與九十三年十二月及九十五年五月過境本區之颱風（南瑪都以及珍珠颱風）有關。第二次與第三次探測之間雖發生恆春大地震，並未造成軍艦礁位移。第三次與第四次探測結果顯示受帕布颱風影響，艦艏有疑似向北偏移20公尺的現象，因艦體與周圍魚礁並未發現明顯相對位移跡象，此項結論尚需進一步驗証。
由具時間序列之海床地貌聲納影像進行礁體之比對與研究顯示，屏東縣海口魚礁區除軍艦礁以外之各種人工魚礁礁體（鋼鐵礁、電桿礁與水泥礁等）在海床上的位態，在颱風與地震的作用下，均不具有位移的現象；而軍艦礁則受到颱風波流的影響產生明顯位移。

Underwater stationary targets are objects under the water that can’t move autonomously. Apparatus feasible for detecting underwater stationary targets includes: optics, acoustics and geophysical instruments.
The objective of this study was to investigate engineering characteristics of the battleship reef and other reefs deployed off Hai-Kou, Ping-Dong County, by the application of an integrated underwater surveying system. A total of four surveys were conducted. i.e., the 14th of April 2004, the 20th of July 2006, the 3rd of Mar. 2007 and the 30th of Oct. 2007. The investigation were completed using primarily the sidescan soner, along with other auxiliaries such as magnetometer and single beam echo sounder. Based on a mutual consideration of the results of the first survey in April 2004, the battleship on the seafloor was identified as Jong-Rong battleship. The battleship was sitting on the seabed in an upright condition at depths of 32 to 42m below the sea surface. A chain cable was catenated from the stern of the battleship down to the seabed. In addition, a large number of cubic artificial reefs were spreaded around.
A comparision of results obtained during the first and the third survey indicated that the battleship was undergone a displacement of 250m. The significant displacement of the battleship was correlated with a medium magnitude typhoon passed by on the 3rd of Dec. 2004 and the 17th of May 2006 (i.e., Nanmadol and Chanchu Typhoon). The second and the third survey indicated that the battleship was’t moved by earthquake on the 26th of Dec. 2006 (i.e., Herng Chuen earthquake)with magnitude of seven. A comparison of the third and the fourth surveys suggested that the battleship’s bow was moved to the north for an extra 20m. This movement is correlated with a typhoon passed by in Aug. 2007(i.e., Pabuk Typhoon). However, a detailed investigation of the sonographs indicated that there are very limited relative displacement between the battleship and cement artificial reefs that scattered around the battleship. Therefore, further investigations are needed to verify this tautative conclusion.
Based on sidescan soner imagery collected in four surveys between 2004 and 2007. the location of various type of artifical reefs at Hai-Kou artifical reef site were investigated. Except the battleship reef, all the orther types of reefs which include steel reef, electric-pole reef and cement reef were not displaced by either typhoon or earthquake. Under the influence of typhoon waves, the battleship reef was displaced for a distance of 250m.

謝誌…………………………………………………………………………………...........................I
中文摘要………………………………………………………………………………………….….II
英文摘要……………...……………………………………………………………………………..III
目錄…………………………………..……………………………………………………….……..IV
表目錄…………………………………………….…………………………………………..…….VII
圖目錄………………………………………………………………………………………….…..VIII
第一章 緒論…………………………………………………………………….…………….…….1
1-1 前言……………………………………………………………………………………..1
1-2 研究動機與目的………………………………………………………………………..1
1-3 前人研究與文獻回顧…………………………………………………………………..3
1-4 章節概要說明…………………………………………………………………………..5
第二章 研究方法……………………………………………………….…………………………..7
2-1 前人研究方法概述………………...…………………………………………………...7
2-2 使用儀器概述……………………………………………………………......................7
2-3 航線規劃原則………………………………………………………………….…….…8
2-4 人工魚礁工程行為研究策略…………………………………………………………9
2-5 資料處理流程……………………………………………………………….…….…..10
2-5-1 水深資料.……………………………………………………..........................10
2-5-2 側掃聲納系統資料…………………………………………...........................11
2-5-3 磁力資料…………………...…………………………………………….…...12
第三章 儀器設備……………………………………………....…………….……………....16
3-1 側掃聲納系統…………………………………………………………………………16
3-1-1 側掃聲納系統概述…...……………………………………………….……...16
3-1-2 側掃聲納基本原理…...……………………………………………….……...16
3-1-3 側掃聲納系統特性…...……………………………………………….……...17
3-1-4 聲學影像成像原理…………………………………………………...............20
3-1-5 聲納影像的解析度………………………………………………….………..21
3-2 回聲測深儀………………………………………………...…………………....…....22
3-3 磁力儀…………………………………...……………………………………………22
3-3-1 磁力儀基本原理……………………………...……………………………...22
3-3-2 鐵磁性物質之物理特性……………...……………………………………...23
3-4 全球衛星定位系統………………………………………………...…………………25
3-5 水下靜態目標物之定位及定位誤差…………………………………...……………26
3-5-1 研究船絕對位置之誤差……………………………...……………………...26
3-5-2 拖魚與研究船相對位置之誤差……………...……………………………...27
3-5-3 目標物與拖魚間相對位置之誤差……………...…………………………...28
3-5-4 聲納影像處理之誤差……………...………………………………………...29
3-5-5 定位誤差之綜合說明……………...………………………………………...29
第四章 目標物辨識準則………………...………………………………….……………….........43
4-1 側掃聲納聲學影像之辨識………………..……………………………………..........43
4-1-1 目標物偵測能力之影響參數………………….…………………………......43
4-1-2 側掃聲納聲學影像辨識準則………………………………………….......46
4-1-3 影響聲納影像品質之因素……………………………………………….......48
4-2 磁力資料辨識………………………….......................................................................49
4-2-1 磁力異常特徵…………………………………………………………….......49
4-2-2 鐵磁性物質距離估算………………………………………………………...50
第五章 屏東縣海口魚礁區礁體現況描述……………...……….…….........................................69
5-1 研究區域概況……………………………………………………………..…………..69
5-2 研究區域各探測航次介紹…………….………….…………………………………..70
5-3 目標物辨識…………………………….….…………………………………………..71
5-3-1 聲學影像判讀...……………………………….……………….…………….71
5-3-2 目標物種類…………….…………………….................................................72
5-3-3 磁力儀資料探討軍艦礁位置……………………………….……….............76
5-3-4 水深資料探討目標物位置……………………………………………….…77
第六章 軍艦礁之工程行為分析………………….………………………..……….…..............113
6-1 屏東縣海口魚礁區人工魚礁的監測……………………………………………….113
6-1-1 第一次探測(930414)航次說明...……………………………….…………113
6-1-2 第二次探測(950720)航次說明…………….…………………….................114
6-1-3 第三次探測(960303)航次說明……………………………….……….........115
6-1-4 第四次探測(961030)航次說明…………….…………………….................116
6-2 人工魚礁的分布狀況…………………………...…....………..…………………….117
6-2-1 A區域概況...……………………………….……………….……………….117
6-2-2 B區域概況...……………………………….……………….……………….118
6-2-3 C區域概況...……………………………….……………….……………….119
6-2-4 D區域概況...……………………………….……………….……………….120
6-2-5 其它區域礁體之概況……...……………………………….……………….121
6-2-6 資訊整合探討人工魚礁分布……………..………………………………...122
6-3 軍艦礁定位與距離量測……………….……………………………………..……..123
6-3-1 軍艦礁定位之探討…………………………………………………………123
6-3-2 軍艦礁距離量測之探討……………………………………………………124
6-3-3 利用聲學影像比較軍艦礁位移之探討………………................................124
第七章 討論、結論與建議…………….……………………………….......................................167
7-1 討論……………………………..………………………..…...…...............................167
7-1-1 小結構物探討位移原因…………………………………………………….167
7-1-2 軍艦礁特性探討位移原因………………………………………………….168
7-1-3 波流作用探討位移原因……………….........................................................169
7-2 結論……………………………..……………...….....................................................171
7-2-1 聲學影像確認軍艦礁位移…………………………………………………171
7-2-2 總磁場強度確認軍艦礁位移………………………………………………171
7-2-3 本研究之貢獻………………………….........................................................172
7-3 建議……………………………..……………...….....................................................173
參考文獻……………..…………………………………….............................................................189

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