黑潮是西太平洋主要的邊界流，其主軸流經台灣東部海域，目前鮮少有學者針對黑潮海域的沉降顆粒通量進行研究。本研究重點在於結合黑潮表層顆粒性有機碳的輸出通量，及深層沉降顆粒的各項碳氮通量，探討台灣東南部黑潮海域顆粒物質的全年時間序列變化，進而計算出沉降顆粒的碳衰變率與碳衰減值。
本研究於2008年4月至2009年12月間，利用錨碇式沉積物收集器收集KC測站 (21o28' N; 122o11' E) 兩個深度 (2000 m和3500 m) 的沉降顆粒，分析其質量通量 (mass flux)，以及總碳 (TC)、顆粒性有機碳 (POC) 及總氮 (TN) 的含量。於佈放期間內，2009年9月至12月收集到大量顆粒物質，推測是由深海的偶發事件所帶來，故本研究不將此期間的數值列入討論及後續計算。各項參數分析結果如下，2000 m和3500 m的mass flux分別為162.3和201.6 mg m-2 d-1，POC含量分別是2.46和1.84 wt%，TN含量為0.31和0.23 wt%，C/N為9.27和9.21。計算後得到的POC flux是3.8和3.7 mgC m-2 d-1，TN flux為0.5和0.5 mgN m-2 d-1。
研究結果顯示，POC和TN的含量隨時間變化之趨勢頗為一致，應為相同的物理和生地化因子所控制。上述兩者在2000 m的變化均較3500 m的變化明顯；其中，由2000 m的變化範圍可看出，春夏變化大於秋冬變化，可能是受到表層的生物生產量隨季節改變的影響。將POC與TN flux做線性迴歸，其相關性相當良好 (R2 = 0.98)，C/N平均值為9.23，可說明此處有機顆粒以沉降分解作用為主。
將本研究之黑潮KC測站與南海SEATS測站做比較，兩測站在季節變化及平均通量上皆呈現明顯差異。整體而言，KC站各項碳氮含量及通量皆低於SEATS站，而前者於夏季時通量較高，後者則是冬季較高，指出此兩海域之顆粒沉降過程有所不同。
結合KC站表層碳通量資料可計算出碳衰變率與碳衰減值，其中，碳輸出率 (e-ratio) 為0.08，表示表層基礎生產量約有8 %輸出至透光層底部 (120 m)；衰減值 (b-value) 為0.53，此數值為碳通量從120 m至3500 m的指數衰減速率。相較於SEATS站 (e-ratio = 0.22，b-value = 0.97)，KC站的e-ratio較小，但由於衰減速率較慢，所以輸送至深層的比率較大。最後，將黑潮b-value (0.53) 列入全球時間序列觀測網中，其值介於全球觀測網b-value範圍0.51~1.33之間。

The Kuroshio current (KC) is the major current of the western Pacific Ocean, and its main stream flows northward off the east coast of Taiwan. Since there have been few researches on sinking particle flux in the regime of Kuroshio have been reported, a time-series sediment trap mooring was deployed to investigate the particulate organic carbon (POC) and total nitrogen (TN) and their fluxes at KC station (21o28' N, 122o11' E) at depths of 2000 m and 3500 m from April 2008 to December 2009.
Results show that, the mass fluxes at 2000 m and 3500 m of mean are 162.3 mg m-2 d-1 and 201.6 mg m-2 d-1, POC fluxes are 3.8 mgC m-2 d-1 and 3.7 mgC m-2 d-1, and TN fluxes are 0.5 mgN m-2 d-1 and 0.5 mgN m-2 d-1, respectively. The averages of POC, TN content and C/N ratio at 2000 m and 3500 m are 2.5 and 1.8 wt%, 0.3 and 0.2 wt%, and 9.27 and 9.21, separately.
The depths and temporal variability of POC and TN contents respond closely to bio-degradation and dilution by bottom movement at KC station. Comparison with SEATS station (18o15’N, 115o50’E), the variability of POC and TN compositions and their fluxes at KC are lower than SEATS station. The fluxes of KC exhibit intermittent high-value in the summer, and the fluxes of SEATS in the winter are higher than other seasons. For site comparison and global synthesis, an average e-ratio of 0.08 and the b-value of 0.53 are derived. These results should help a better understanding of POC in the world.

誌謝............................................................................................................I
摘要...........................................................................................................II
Abstract....................................................................................................IV
目錄...........................................................................................................V
表目錄.....................................................................................................VII
圖目錄...................................................................................................VIII
第一章 、緒論..............................................................................................1
1.1碳循環的重要性...........................................................................1
1.2海洋碳循環的作用機制...............................................................3
1.3沉積物收集器的類型...................................................................4
1.4黑潮之概況...................................................................................5
1.5論文目的.......................................................................................8
第二章、材料與方法..................................................................................9
2.1採樣時間、地點及方法...............................................................9
2.2研究方法.....................................................................................10
2.2.1樣品前處理.........................................................................10
2.2.2質量通量的測定.................................................................11
2.2.3總碳、總氮及有機碳測定的前處理...................................12
2.2.3總碳、總氮及有機碳的測定...............................................14
第三章、結果與討論................................................................................16
3.1質量通量之時序變化.................................................................16
3.2各項碳氮元素含量之時序變化.................................................18
3.3各項碳氮通量之時序變化.........................................................20
3.4碳與氮之比值與相關性.............................................................22
3.5黑潮KC站與南海SEATS站沉降顆粒之比較..........................23
3.6碳衰變率與碳衰減值.................................................................26
第四章、結論............................................................................................29
表列..........................................................................................................32
圖列..........................................................................................................41
參考文獻..................................................................................................54

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