本論文擬設計與研發出適合於海潮流下運作的水渦輪機。首先利用葉片動量元素理論進行葉片設計，接著透過計算流體力學進行數值模擬，以確定設計出的渦輪機適合在這些海潮流下工作，最後探討各種情況下水渦輪機的效率表現。
　　渦輪機設計包含了翼型選擇及不同葉片外型對渦輪機效率的影響，以及半徑兩米水渦輪機葉片設計。海流條件影響則有水渦輪機於側向海流、俯仰海流條件、以及週期性海潮流條件下的效率表現分析，最後則是海潮流發電機實際發電量預估。
　　渦輪機選擇升阻比隨攻角變化較小的翼剖面，如此有助於提升水渦輪機效能輸出的穩定性。由於葉片設計過程加入反饋的機制，可確保渦輪機設計為最佳攻角位置。半徑兩米水渦輪機獲取海流能最佳效率可達34%，符合最加效率超過30%之設計目標。模擬測試發現，將葉片適當放大不但能維持水渦輪機最佳效率的最大值，同時也能有效減少葉片所受應力。海流條件影響分析結果發現隨著葉片半徑越大，水渦輪機工作效率遞減趨勢將越接近餘弦海流入流角度的三次方。海潮流發電方面經估計，澎湖跨海大橋附近海域，最大海流速度約為1.3m/s，如果使用自激式發電機，發電機效率為55%，此時渦輪機半徑一米的海潮流發電機組最高實際發電量為530w，而渦輪機半徑兩米的海潮流發電機組實際發電量則為2.5kw。但若改成永磁式發電機，預估海潮流發電機實際發電量預估將比原本使用自激式發電機多出45%。

In this thesis, the turbine blade design eligible for ocean current conditions is proposed using blade element momentum theory. in the beginning, the performance of water turbines is evaluated by CFD (computational fluid dynamics) package code, so as to design the suitable turbine under various conditions.
The blade design encompasses parameters of the hydrofoil selection and blade shape which affect the turbine performance. Shortly following the investigation of the aforementioned parameters, the turbine’s performance with radius of two meter is also studied. The current conditions include the yaw and the pitch angle of the turbine relative to the current flow direction, as well as the periodic flow conditions on the performance of the water turbine. Lastly, the electricity generation is estimated by the present device.
The results show that hydrofoils with less changes in the angle of attack with respect to the lift-drag ratio help enhance the turbine’s performance. The feedback mechanism is added to the blade design procedure to make sure that the turbine design caters to the best angle of attack. A turbine with two-meter radius can garner 34% of the sea current energy at most, living up to the project goal of exceeding the efficiency of 30%. The simulated test indicates that the adequate enlargement of the blade not only sustains the maximal efficiency, but it also lowers the stress imposed on the blade. Given the ocean current conditions, it is also shown that the turbine’s efficiency is proportional to the cubic cosine incident angle of inflow velocity alongside with the enlargement of the turbine radius. When it comes to the current electricity generation, from the in-situ measurement data, the current maximal velocity near the sea region is around 1.3 m/s. If incorporated with the self excited induction generator with the efficiency of 55%, a one-meter-radius turbine is estimated to be able to generate 530W at most, while a two-meter-radius turbine is estimated to generate 2.5KW. However, the use of the permanent magnet generator can produce 45% more electricity than a self excited induction generator.

摘要 I
ABSTRACT III
目錄 V
圖目錄 VIII
表目錄 XIII
符號說明 XV
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 前言 1
1.2 研究背景 2
1.3 海洋能介紹 2
1.4 臺灣近海海洋能 4
1.5 海潮流發電機簡介 6
1.6 文獻回顧 7
1.7 世界各國海潮流發電機 9
1.8 研究動機與目的 11
第二章 理論分析與葉片設計 13
2.1 動量理論分析 13
2.2 葉片元素動量理論 17
2.3 理想葉片外型設計 21
2.4.1 葉尖速度比選擇 22
2.4.2 翼剖面形狀 23
2.4.3 葉片數目 23
2.4.4 弦週比 24
第三章 研究方法 25
3.1 數值方法 25
3.2 統御方程式 25
3.3 紊流模式 26
3.4 SIMPLE演算法 28
3.5 葉片剖面參數說明 29
3.6 模型與邊界條件 30
3.6.1 模型 30
3.6.2 邊界條件 31
3.6.3 網格對模擬準確性的影響 33
3.6.4 計算域對模擬準確性的影響 34
第四章 結果與討論 36
4.1 葉片設計部分 37
4.1.1 翼型選擇對水渦輪機效率影響分析 37
4.1.2 葉片外型對水渦輪機效率影響分析 38
4.1.3 不同半徑水渦輪機葉片設計與發電量預估 40
4.1.4 弦周比變化對渦輪機效率及葉片強度之影響 42
4.2 海流條件對渦輪機效率之影響 43
4.2.1 側向及俯仰海流條件對渦輪機效率之影響 44
4.2.2 不穩定海流條件對渦輪機效率損失預估 45
4.2.3 週期性海流條件效率分析 46
第五章 結論與建議 48
參考文獻 50
附錄 101

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