台南四草魚塭是台灣沿海濕地的一部分，約488公頃，魚塭橫亙佈滿其中，形成一個切割型的生態系統。2008年在四草魚塭，我做了小型哺乳類動物及無脊椎動物的空間分布及族群數目月份波動的監測。植物群落主要為鬼針草區，與非鬼針草區。兩區都有狗與漁民，對生物構成干擾；但灌木庇護的程度、植物覆蓋度及種仔的量，鬼針草區高於非鬼針草區。研究假設是，資源(食物)會增加小型哺乳類動物的數量豐度，資源(庇護)增加了對干擾因子(狗與漁民等)的抵抗性，也會增加小型哺乳類動物的數量豐度。小型哺乳類動物以台灣鐵製鼠籠及誘餌捕捉；發現有鬼鼠Bandicota indica、台灣刺鼠Niviventer coxingi、小黃腹鼠Rattus losea、褐鼠R. norvegicus、玄鼠R. rattus及香鼩Suncus murinus。小型哺乳類動物的數量豐度，鬼針草區顯著高於非鬼針草區，可能因為鬼針草區有較高的遮蔽度高、較高的資源(食物)。鬼針草區與非鬼針草區的無脊椎動物生物多樣性指標及種類豐度，全年沒有顯著差異；而種類豐度與日照時間則有顯著相關。在鬼針草區小型哺乳類動物的種類均勻度與溫度有顯著正相關，其他多樣性指數與氣象因子無顯著相關。小型哺乳類動物的數量及種類豐度與無脊椎動物的數量及種類豐度間沒有顯著的相關，可能是因小型哺乳類動物的食物以草的種仔為主，較不受到無脊椎動物的影響。

Abstract
Fishpond area of Sihcao, Tainan City, approximate 488 hectors, is a part of coastal wetlands of Taiwan. Fishponds can be found almost everywhere in the wetlands, readily forming a fragmented ecosystem. Previous studies on populations of small mammals in coastal wetlands of Taiwan are scarce. Disturbance types found in the study area include straying dogs, working farmers, tillaging of the fishponds, and typhoons, etc, which would probably reduce the abundance of small mammals. The resources such as shelter, vegetation coverage, insects and seeds would increase the abundance of small mammals. The seasonal changes of these environmental factors may in turn affect the population dynamics of small mammals. I monitored the monthly population fluctuation of small mammals and invertebrates in the fishpond habitats, 2008. Six species of small mammals and 106 species of invertebrates were found. The small mammal populations in the Hairy Beggar Ticks region were compared with those within the non-Hairy Beggar Ticks region. More small mammals were found in the Hairy Beggar Ticks region in the sampling period. The vegetation coverage of the former was higher than that of the latter. There was positive correlation between evenness of small mammals and temperature. No differences of the biodiversity of invertebrates were found between the regions in the year. Significant correlation existed between the sunshine duration and the richness of invertebrates. The correlation may be due to the change of photoperiod. There was no significant correlation between the richness of small mammals and that of invertebrates.

Contents
Chinese abstract……………………………………….Ι
Abstract………………………………………………… П
Content…………………………………………………..Ш
Introduction…………………………………………….. 1
Materials and Methods………………………………….3
Results………………………………………………….. 8
Discussion………………………………………………11
Literature Cited…………………………………………………….15
Tables…………………………………………………...19
Figures…………………………………………………...46
Appendices……………………………………………... 58

Literature Cited
Adler, G. H. 1995. Habitat relations within lowland grassland rodent communities in Taiwan. Journal of
Zoology 237: 563-576.
Barry, S. 1996. Monitoring Vegetation Cover. Alameda County Resource Conservation District, Livermore,
California.
Belanger, L. and J. Bedard. 1994. Role of ice scouring and goose grubbing in marsh plant dynamics.
Journal of Ecology 82: 437-445.
Brown, P. R., N. P. Tuan, G. R. Singleton, D. T. Hue, P. T. Hoa, P. T. T. Ha, T. Q. Tan and N. V. Tuat.
2005. Population dynamics of Rattus argentiventer, Rattus losea,and Rattus rattus inhabiting a
mixed-farming system in the Red River Delta, Vietnam. The Society of Population Ecology and
Springer-Verlag Tokyo 47:247–256.
Büchs, W. 2003. Biodiversity and agri-environmental indicators-general scopes and skills with special
reference to the habitat level. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 98: 35–78.
Grime, P., J. J. D. Fridley, A. P. Askew, K. Thompson, J. G. Hodgson and C. R. Bennett. 2008. Long-term
resistance to simulated climate change in an infertile grassland. Ecology 29: 10028–10032.
Hsieh, H. I. 2003. Short-term Response of Animal Communities to Thinning in Guanwu Cryptomeria
(Cryptomeria japonica) Plantation. Master Thesis, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan (in
Chinese).
Hung, M. J. 2005. Effect of Thinning on Ground-dwelling Beetle Communities in a Taiwania Plantation.
Master Thesis, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
Jacob, J. 2003. Short-term effects of farming practices on populations of common voles. Agriculture,
Ecosystems and Environment 95: 321–325.
Jacob, J. 2008. Response of small rodents to manipulations of vegetation height in agro-ecosystems.
Integrative Zoology 3: 3-10.
Johnson, R.J. and M.M. Beck. 1988. Influences of shelterbelts on wildlife management and biology.
Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 22-23: 301-335.
16
Kent, M. and P. Coker. 1992. Vegetation Description and Analysis: A Practical Approach. CRC Press, Boca
Raton, Florida, U.S.A.
Krebs, C.J. 1998. Ecological Methodology. Second edition. Addison Wesley Longman, California.
Kulawardhana, R. W., 2004. Determination of Spatio-temporal Vaiations of Vegetation Cover, Land
Surface Temperature and Rainfall and Their Relationships Over Sri Lanka Using Noaaavhrr Data.
Master Thesis, Postgraduate Institute of Agriculture, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri
Lanka.
McGuinness, K. A., 1988. Short-term effects of sessile organisms on colonization of intertidal boulders.
Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 116 : 159-175.
Monadijem A. and M. Perrin. 2003. Population fluctuations and community structure of small mammals in
a Swaziland grassland over a three-year period. Atrican Zoology 38: 127-137.
Pearsall, I. A. 2004. Carabid beetles as ecological indicators. Monitoring the Effectiveness of Biological
Conservation 4: 393-394.
Pickett, S.T.A. and P.S. White. 1985. The Ecology of Natural Disturbance and Patch Dynamics. Academic
Press, New York, NY.
Quillfeldt, P., I. Schenk, R. A. R. McGill, I. J. Strange, J. F. Masello, A. Gladbach, V. Roesch and R. W.
Furness. 2007. Introduced mammals coexist with seabirds at New Island, Falkland Islands:
abundance, habitat preferences, and stable isotope analysis of diet. Polar Biology 31:333–349.
Sabu, T.K. and R.T. Shiju. 2010. Efficacy of pitfall trapping, Winkler and Berlese extraction methods for
measuring ground-dwelling arthropods in moist-deciduous forests in the Western Ghats. Journal of
Insect Science 10:98.
Suntsov, V.V., T.V.H. Ly. and G.H. Adler. 2003. Distribution of rodents along a gradient of disturbance on
the Tay Nguyen Plateau of southern Viet Nam. Mammalia 67: 379-384.
Vieira, M. V., N. Olifiers, A. C. Delciellos, V. Z. Antunes and L. R. Bernardo. 2009. Land use vs.
fragment size and isolation as determinants of small mammal composition and richness in Atlantic
Forest remnants. Biological Conservation 142 : 1191–1200.
17
Wallgren, M., C. Skarpe, R. Bergström, K. Danell, L. Granlund and A. Bergström. 2008. Mammal
community structure in relation to disturbance and resource gradients in southern Africa. African
Journal of Ecology 47: 20–31.
Ward, D. F., T. R. New and A. L. Yen. 2001. Effects of pitfall trap spacing on the abundance, richness and
composition of invertebrate catches. Journal of Insect Conservation 5: 47–53.
Warui, C. M. 2005. Impacts of Wildlife and Cattle Grazing Spider (Araneae) Biodiversity in a Highland
Savanna Ecosystem. Doctoral Dissertation, Rhodes University.
Went, F. W. 1953. The effect of temperature on plant growth. Annual Review of Plant Physiology 4:
347-362.
Westerman, P.R., A. Hofman, L.E.M. Vet and W. V. D. Werf. 2003. Relative importance of vertebrates
and invertebrates in epigeaic weed seed predation in organic cereal fields. Agriculture, Ecosystems
and Environment 95: 417–425.
White. P. S. and S. T. A. Pickett. 1985. The Ecology of Natural Disturbance and Patch Dynamics.
Academic Press, California.
Zschokke, S., C. Dolt, H. P. Rusterholz, P. Oggier, B. Braschler, G. H. Thommen,E. Lüdin, A. Erhardt and
B. Baur. 2000. Short-term responses of plants and invertebrates to experimental small-scale
grassland fragmentation. Oecologia 125:559–572.
愈秋豐. 1990. The Third Forest Resources and Land Use Inventory in Taiwan, The Manuals of Wildlife
Resources Inventory in Taiwan (6), The Insects of Taiwan (Ι). pp: 49-64. Council of Agricuture,
Executive Yuan, Taipei. (In Chinese).
張學文. 2003年. 壽山自然公園生態系列叢書圖鑑 (上册), 動物篇. 2-9頁. . 高雄市政府建設局.
張學文. 1999年. 台南縣的哺乳動物, 囓齒目. 58-67頁. 台南縣政府. 中山大學生物科學系.
陳永芳. 何明芬. 潘豐富. 2005年. 南瀛植物探索5─南瀛草本植物篇. 58-61頁. 台南縣政府.
游以德. 陳玉峰. 吳盈. 1992年. 台灣原生植物(上,下). 89頁, 12頁, 320頁. 淑馨出版社.
張碧員. 張慧芬. 呂勝由. 陳一銘. 傅蕙苓. 2005年. 台灣野花365天. 102頁. 大樹文化.
18
黃淑郁. 黃慶榮. 2007年. 台南市野地犬的族群控制研究報告. 6頁. 台南市安南區海南里的衛星地圖.
流浪動物管理研究室. 中華民國保護動物協會.