光纖對聲波訊號，有高度的靈敏度，利用此一特性，藉光纖來製作水中聽音器，水中聲波對感測光纖造成形變，使得感測光纖中的導光相對於參考光纖產生相位差，利用解調系統檢測出干涉訊號，經過訊號處理，將相位差轉為物理場的訊號。本論文分析麥克森、補償式馬赫-詹德、馬赫-詹德與桑克混合型干涉儀等三種光路架構，利用數學方式來做理論的分析，比較三種光路架構對靈敏度與偏振狀態的優缺點。並對桑克型干涉儀架構的靈敏度、延遲光纖與物理場頻率，利用程式模擬其三者的關係。
實驗方面，利用標準水中聽音器B&K 8103來做校正，使用PGC技術解調，來測量三種光路偵測水中聲波的動態範圍。本論文量測到的結果為：麥克森與補償式馬赫-詹德架構動態範圍約為10 dB，最小可測得聲波訊號靈敏度分別為 -200 dB re V/1μPa與 -205 dB re V/1μPa，馬赫-詹德與桑克混合型架構動態範圍為3 dB，最小可測得聲波訊號靈敏度為 -212 dB re V/1μPa。

The interferometeric optical fiber sensor has high sensitivity for sound signal. This characteristic is used to design hydrophones. The sound pressure causes the optical fiber to change its shape. So as to induce phase difference between sensing and reference arms. Using the demodulation system, we can get the signal we want. In this thesis, we plan to analyze three different kinds of optic configurations, such as Michelson, compensating Mach-Zehnder, hybrid configuration of Mach-Zehnder and Sagnac interferometers. The mathematical methods are used to compare their characters. We also use software to simulate the relation among sensitivity, delay fiber and frequency character of the Sagnac interferometer.
In our experiment, we use PGC modulation technology and compare the results with a standard hydrophone B&K 8103 for calibration. We also measure the dynamic range of proposed three interferometers. The measurement result of this paper is as following: Michelson and compensating type Mach-Zehnder interferometer dynamic range were about 24.90 dB and 13.98 dB, the acoustic signal sensitivity was -201.67 dB re V/1uPa and -205.97 dB re V/Pa, respectively. The dynamic range of the hybrid of Mach-Zehnder and Sagnac type interferometer was 33.67 dB and acoustic signal sensitivity was -212.47 dB re V/1uPa.

中文摘要 i
英文摘要 ii
誌謝 iii
目錄 iv
表目錄 vii
圖目錄 ix
符號表 xii
第一章 簡介
1.1 研究背景與文獻回顧 1
1.2 研究動機 3
1.3 論文結構 4
第二章 感測系統之原理
2.1 感測原理 5
2.1.1 光纖感測原理 5
2.1.2 干涉原理 6
2.2 感測系統之基本架構 7
2.3 光訊號單元 8
2.3.1 摻鉺光纖放大器自發性光源 8
2.3.2 分散回饋式雷射 8
2.4 感測單元 10
2.4.1 2x2耦合器 10
2.4.2 法拉第旋轉鏡 11
2.4.3 PZT相位調制器 11
2.4.4 偏振控制器 13
2.4.5 感測頭 13
2.4.6 光學元件特性參數 14
2.5 訊號處理單元 16
2.5.1 解調方式概述 16
2.5.2 相位載波訊號技術 18
2.6 系統元件的數學模型 20
2.6.1 光纖瓊斯矩陣 20
2.6.2 耦合器瓊斯矩陣 21
2.6.3 法拉第旋轉鏡的瓊斯矩陣 21
2.6.4 摺疊光纖的瓊斯矩陣 22
第三章 光纖感測系統之構型分析
3.1 馬赫-詹德與桑克混合型架構 23
3.1.1 干涉光路徑分析 23
3.1.2 干涉光數學推導 24
3.1.3 干涉光數學分析 26
3.2 補償式馬赫-詹德架構 27
3.2.1 干涉光路徑分析 27
3.2.2 干涉光數學推導與分析 28
3.3 麥克森光路架構 29
3.3.1 干涉光路徑分析 29
3.3.2 干涉光數學推導與分析 29
3.4 偏振分析 30
3.4.1 馬赫-詹德與桑克混合型偏振分析 30
3.4.2 補償式馬赫-詹德架構偏振分析 33
3.4.3 麥克森架構偏振分析 34
3.5 光路訊號模擬與分析 35
3.5.1 桑克干涉儀干涉訊號模擬 35
3.5.2 不同工作點干涉訊號模擬 37
第四章 實驗與結果討論
4.1 系統元件特性量測 38
4.1.1 光耦合器特性量測 38
4.1.2 光循環器特性量測 39
4.1.3 光纖彎曲損失量測 41
4.1.4 PZT特性量測 43
4.2 水中聲波校正 45
4.2.1 系統量測架構 45
4.2.2 聲源校正 46
4.3 水中聲波量測 47
4.3.1 麥克森架構水中聲波量測 47
4.3.2 補償式馬赫-詹德架構水中聲波量測 49
4.3.3 馬赫-詹德與桑克混合型架構水中聲波量測 49
4.4 實驗結果討論 50
第五章 結論與未來展望
5.1 結論 52
5.1.1 光纖式與壓電式水中聽音器之比較 52
5.1.2 三種光路架構之比較 52
5.2 未來展望 53
參考文獻 54
附表 57
附圖 73
附錄 117
中英文對照表 122

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