本研究目的係藉由有孔蟲細胞質染色處理，定量調查底質沉積物屬於碳酸鈣的東沙環礁與底質沉積物為矽酸鹽的台灣西南海域現生底棲性有孔蟲群聚及分佈。根據現生底棲性有孔蟲種屬組合、殼質組成、群落分析及多樣性指標等，探討底棲性有孔蟲分佈與棲地沉積環境間的關係，進一步了解可能影響底棲性有孔蟲分佈的生態條件。東沙環礁群落分析結果可根據底質劃分為細顆粒的群落A和粗顆粒的群落B，並可細分為四個子群落。A1群落族群組合為Pseudomassilina spp. - Quinqueloculina parkeri；A2群落為Hauerina spp. - Pseudomassilina spp.；B1群落為Calcarina spp. - Quinqueloculina spp.；B2是Amphistegina spp. - Quinqueloculina spp.。台灣西南海域2009年5月樣品根據水深可分四個群落：A是棚坡區，其族群組合為Ammonia spp. - Bolivina spp.；B是陸坡區以Asterorotalia spp. - Globobulimina spp.為主；C和D為陸棚區；其主要種屬組合分別為Cibicides spp. - Nummulites spp.和Ammonia spp. - Cibicides spp.。台灣西南海域11月樣品可分三群落：A群落種屬組合為Ammonia spp. - Cibicides spp.；B群落種屬組合為Ammonia spp. - Bolivina spp.；C群落種屬組合為Asterorotalia spp. - Bolivina spp.。經過多種不同方式比較討論顯示東沙環礁現生底棲性有孔蟲分佈與環礁內潮流大小、不同採樣位置、粗顆粒含量與TOC含量有關；台灣西南海域現生底棲性有孔蟲分佈與TOC和粗顆粒含量沒有相關性，其它影響台灣西南海域現生底棲性有孔蟲分佈原因有底層流的擾動與側向傳輸等。

The subject of this study was to investigate the species composition and spatial distribution pastern of iving (Rose Bengal stained) benthic foraminifera in sediment surface samples (0-1 cm) off the Southwestern Taiwan and Dongsha Atoll. The main objectives of this study was to document the living benthic foraminiferal assemblages off the Southwestern Taiwan and Dongsha Atoll and to examine their distribution in relation to environmental parameters.
Four benthic foraminiferal biofacies were recognized within the substrate type in Dongsha Atoll: A1 (Fine-grained) is represented by Pseudomassilina spp. - Quinqueloculina parkeri, A2 (Fine-grained) is represented by Hauerina spp. - Pseudomassilina spp., B1 (Coarse-grained) is characterised by Calcarina spp. - Quinqueloculina spp., B2 (Coarse-grained) is characterised by Amphistegina spp. - Quinqueloculina spp.
Sediment surface samples off the Southwestern Taiwan during May 2009 led to the identification of four assemblages. Assemblage A is characterised by Ammonia spp. - Bolivina spp., Assemblage B between is characterized by Asterorotalia spp. - Globobulimina spp., Assemblage C is represented by Cibicides spp. - Nummulites spp., Assemblage D is represented by Ammonia spp. - Cibicides spp.
Sediment surface samples off the Southwestern Taiwan during Nov. 2009 led to the identification of three assemblages. Assemblage A is dominated by Ammonia spp. - Cibicides spp., Assemblage B is characterised by Ammonia spp. - Bolivina spp., Assemblage C is characterised by Asterorotalia spp. - Bolivina spp.
Stained benthic foraminifera form Dongsha Atoll correlated with current wave, collected site, coarse fraction and TOC contents. Living benthic foraminifera off the Southwestern Taiwan seems not to be related with TOC contents and coarse fraction, the assemblages were found to be more related to tidal energy and lateral transport.

致謝....................................................................................................................................i
中文摘要...........................................................................................................................ii
英文摘要..........................................................................................................................iii
目錄...................................................................................................................................v
圖目錄.............................................................................................................................vii
表目錄...............................................................................................................................x

第一章緒論...................................................................................................................1
1.1 前言......................................................................................................................1
1.2 前人研究..............................................................................................................8
1.3 研究目的..........................................................................................................12
第二章研究區域.........................................................................................................13
2.1 東沙環礁..........................................................................................................13
2.2 台灣西南海域..................................................................................................14
2.2.1 高屏溪與曾文溪...........................................................................................14
2.2.2 高屏峽谷.......................................................................................................14
第三章材料與方法.....................................................................................................17
3.1 研究材料........................................................................................................17
3.2 細胞質染色法..................................................................................................17
3.3 底棲性有孔蟲鑑定..........................................................................................23
3.4 表層沉積物分析..............................................................................................24
3.4.1 粗顆粒含量百分比.......................................................................................24
3.4.2 總碳、總有機碳及碳酸鈣含量.....................................................................25
3.4.3 粒徑分析.......................................................................................................26
3.5 水文參數..........................................................................................................26
3.6 統計方法..........................................................................................................26
第四章 結果與討論.....................................................................................................28
4.1 東沙環礁 ........................................................................................................28
4.1.1 底棲性有孔蟲之探討...................................................................................28
4.1.2 表層沉積物與底棲性有孔蟲.......................................................................31
4.1.3 水文參數.......................................................................................................35
4.1.4 底棲性有孔蟲的空間分佈與族群組合.......................................................40
4.1.5 FORAM index (Foraminifera in Reef Assessment and Monitoring index)...46
4.2 台灣西南海域..................................................................................................48
4.2.1 底棲性有孔蟲之探討...................................................................................48
4.2.2 表層沉積物與底棲性有孔蟲.......................................................................54
4.2.3 底棲性有孔蟲的空間分佈與族群組合.......................................................64
4.2.4 FORAM index (Foraminifera in Reef Assessment and Monitoring index)...85
4.3 東沙環礁與台灣西南海域..............................................................................86
4.3.1 Agglutinated-Porcelaneous-Hyaline三相圖..................................................86
4.3.2現生底棲性有孔蟲組合.................................................................................87
第五章 結論.................................................................................................................91
第六章 參考文獻.........................................................................................................92

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