本論文使用平面式與空心圓筒之近場靜電紡絲製程(Near-Field Electrospinning, NFES)製備聚偏氟乙烯(Polyvinylidene Fluoride，PVDF）與添加多壁奈米碳管(Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube, MWCNT)之壓電纖維，然後量測其機械性質。PVDF為一具有優異壓電特性的高分子材料，並結合了良好的機械、熱學、電學性能與化學阻抗能力。現今的研究多著重於壓電薄膜製程，而較少研究壓電纖維之特性。
本文使用奈米壓痕試驗(MTS Nanoindenter Windows XP System)及抗拉強度試驗(Microforce Testing System)量測電紡出之PVDF與MWCNT合成之奈米纖維的機械性質(楊氏模數、硬度、抗拉強度、伸長量)。製程設計一具有電場(1x107V/m)、轉動速度900 rpm之玻璃空心圓筒置於一雙軸式數值控制平台，PVDF溶液濃度為16%添加0.03%之MWCNT便可電紡出具有極化形態、機械拉伸特性之PVDF奈米纖維。經過奈米壓痕試驗抗拉強度測試可驗證在空心圓筒之近場靜電紡絲製程下可具有良好的機械特性。實驗結果顯示在空心圓筒製程下壓電纖維之機械性質將比平面式近場靜電紡絲製程更為優異。在空心圓筒的製程下，濃度16%的PVDF壓電纖維之楊氏模數和硬度分別為0.89GPa及26.5MPa,在添加0.03%之MWCNT後分別增加了56.2%及49.4%來到1.39GPa和39.6MPa;抗拉強度和斷裂時之伸長量則增加了32.7%及35%，相較於平面式的近場靜電紡絲，空心圓筒製程所製備之奈米纖維將具有更優異的機械強度。

This study presents near-field electrospinning (NFES) on flat and hollow cylindrical process to fabricate permanent piezoelectricity of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)/ multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) piezoelectric nanofibers. Then the mechanical properties of fibers were measured. PVDF is a potential piezoelectric polymer material combining desirable mechanical, thermal, electrical properties with excellent chemical resistance. The existing researches mostly focused on piezoelectric thin film process. However, the research of characteristic about piezoelectric fiber is little. The methods of measurement of the mechanical properties (Young’s modulus, hardness, and tensile strength、elongation) of the electrospun PVDF/MWCN composite nanofiber were carried out by using nano-indention test (MTS Nanoindenter Windows XP System) and tensile test (Microforce Testing System). By setting electric field (1×107 V/m), rotating velocity (900 rpm) of the hollow cylindrical glass tube on a motion X-Y stage (2 mm/sec) and PVDF solution concentration (16 wt%), and MWCNT (0.03 wt%), in-situ electric poling, mechanical stretching and morphology of PVDF nanofiber were demonstrated. After the experiments of nano-indention test and tensile strength test, it is suggested that the good mechanical properties in NFES on cylindrical process. The results show that the mechanical properties of composite nanofiber are better than the conventional NFES process. The Young’s modulus of 16% PVDF fiber prepared by cylindrical process is 0.89 GPa and hardness is 26.5 MPa. The mechanical properties were increased 56.2% and 49.4% after adding 0.03% of MWCNT, corresponding to 1.39 GPa and 39.6 MPa. The tensile strength was increased 32.7% and elongation at breaking point was increased 35% after adding 0.03% MWCNT.

目錄
中文摘要 ........................................................................................................................... I
英文摘要 ........................................................................................................................ IV
圖目錄 ............................................................................................................................ IX
表目錄 ......................................................................................................................... XIV
符號列表 .......................................................................................................................XV
第一章 緒論 .................................................................................................................. 1
1-1前言........................................................................................................................ 1
1-2文獻回顧................................................................................................................ 2
1-3研究動機與目的.................................................................................................... 8
第二章 理論分析 ........................................................................................................ 10
2-1奈米壓痕試驗之理論.......................................................................................... 10
2-2奈米壓痕試驗之探針幾何形狀和形式.............................................................. 11
2-3奈米壓痕試驗之硬度以及楊氏係數理論.......................................................... 14
2-4動態壓痕試驗...................................................................................................... 20
2-4-1動態壓痕系統量測之理論原理................................................................... 20
2-4-2材料為黏彈性的複合模數建構................................................................... 23
2-5傳統靜電紡絲原理及近場靜電紡絲原理.......................................................... 24
2-5-1傳統靜電紡絲............................................................................................... 24
2-5-2近場靜電紡絲............................................................................................... 25
2-6實驗儀器基本原理.............................................................................................. 25
2-6-1掃描式電子顯微鏡....................................................................................... 25
2-6-2拉伸試驗 ....................................................................................................... 26
第三章 實驗方法與步驟 .............................................................................................. 28
3-1實驗流程.............................................................................................................. 28
3-2近場靜電紡絲製程.............................................................................................. 29
3-2-1平面式近場靜電紡絲製程........................................................................... 29
3-2-2滾筒式近場靜電紡絲製程........................................................................... 30
3-3實驗儀器與設備.................................................................................................. 31
3-3-1雙軸式數值控制平台................................................................................... 31
3-3-2高壓電源供應器........................................................................................... 32
3-3-3紫外線固化機............................................................................................... 32
3-3-4超音波震盪器............................................................................................... 32
3-3-5奈米壓痕系統............................................................................................... 33
3-3-6微型機性測試機........................................................................................... 35
3-3-7掃描式電子顯微鏡....................................................................................... 36
3-3-8平面式近場靜電電紡儀器之架設............................................................... 36
3-4製程之溶液調配.................................................................................................. 39
3-4-1本實驗所使用之化學藥品........................................................................... 39
3-4-2溶液調製過程............................................................................................... 40
3-5針對不同製程參數進行電紡實驗...................................................................... 41
3-5-1針頭內徑....................................................................................................... 42
3-5-2雙軸式數位平台與滾筒收集裝置之速度................................................... 42
3-5-3電場大小....................................................................................................... 43
3-5-4溶液濃度....................................................................................................... 43
3-6平面式/滾筒式近場靜電紡絲製程..................................................................... 44
3-6-1進行平面式近場靜電紡絲製程................................................................... 44
3-6-2進行滾筒式近場靜電紡絲製程................................................................... 45
3-7奈米壓痕系統試驗.............................................................................................. 46
3-7-1奈米壓痕試驗之試片製備........................................................................... 47
3-8抗拉強度試驗...................................................................................................... 48
第四章 結果與討論 ...................................................................................................... 50
4-1平面式/滾筒式近場靜電電紡製程及選用溶液濃度之探討............................. 50
4-2平面式/滾筒式製程之針頭尺寸對PVDF壓電纖維的影響............................. 51
4-3平面式/滾筒式製程之電場大小對PVDF壓電纖維的影響............................. 53
4-4平面式/滾筒式製程之電紡拉伸速度對PVDF壓電纖維的影響..................... 54
4-5透過SEM、OM拍攝圖探討壓電纖維成形..................................................... 57
4-6添加MWCNT之濃度探討................................................................................. 61
4-7奈米壓痕試驗於PVDF壓電纖維之量測討論.................................................. 62
4-7-1壓痕深度與負載曲線之分析....................................................................... 65
4-7-2平面式/滾筒式製程之壓痕深度與楊氏係數曲線之分析.......................... 66
4-7-3平面式/滾筒式製程之PVDF壓電纖維之楊氏模數比較.......................... 75
4-7-4壓痕深度與硬度曲線之分析....................................................................... 79
4-7-5平面式/滾筒式製程之PVDF壓電纖維之硬度比較.................................. 86
4-8 PVDF壓電纖維抗拉強度試驗量測結果........................................................... 91
第五章 結論 ................................................................................................................ 108
5-1結論.................................................................................................................... 108
5-2未來展望............................................................................................................ 109
參考文獻……………...………………………………………………………………110

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