Responsive image
博碩士論文 etd-0905102-181359 詳細資訊
Title page for etd-0905102-181359
論文名稱
Title
南海北部海域水體中Pb-210與Po-210活性不平衡狀態
Radioactive disequilibrium Between Pb-210 and Po-210 in Water Columns of the Northern South China Sea
系所名稱
Department
畢業學年期
Year, semester
語文別
Language
學位類別
Degree
頁數
Number of pages
63
研究生
Author
指導教授
Advisor
召集委員
Convenor
口試委員
Advisory Committee
口試日期
Date of Exam
2002-07-29
繳交日期
Date of Submission
2002-09-05
關鍵字
Keywords
釙-210、懸浮顆粒濃度、鉛-210、南海北部
SPM, Northern South China Sea, Pb-210, Po-210
統計
Statistics
本論文已被瀏覽 5659 次,被下載 1513
The thesis/dissertation has been browsed 5659 times, has been downloaded 1513 times.
中文摘要
本研究的主要目的是要瞭解南海北部海域水體中Pb-210 與Po-210 在顆粒態及溶解態中的分佈及其意義,包括藉由其活性不平衡推算滯留時間。利用海研一號分別於2000年3月(ORI-575 航次)、4 月(ORI-580 航次)、7 月(ORI-588 航次)及2001 年4 月(ORI-606航次)進行7 個測站(B、C、D、F、W2、W3、W5)之剖面採樣,因ORI-588 航次巧遇颱風,測站C 於颱風前、後皆採樣(C1、C2),以觀測颱風之影響。因Ra-226 剖面未克量測,其與Pb-210 剖面之關係無法在本論文中討論。
南海各測站之懸浮顆粒濃度(SPM)經過濾所得,平均在0.2mg/kg左右,變化不大。Po-210 與Pb-210 活度分佈均高於KEEP 在東海所量測的結果。大氣來源的Pb-210 主要顯現在表水的溶解態部分,活度介於15∼25 dpm/100kg。溶解態Pb-210 最低值出現在300∼1000m之間,活度大約為5∼15 dpm/100kg。在1000m以下,活性變化小,於2000∼3000m間有極大值,可達20dpm/100kg,如C站所見。顆粒態Pb-210 的活度大約介於3∼5dpm/100kg 之間,剖面變化不大。溶解態Po-210 趨勢與溶解態Pb-210 相類似,但活度比Pb-210低約5∼10 dpm/100kg。Po-210 在水柱中的平均滯留時間大約為10個月,而混合層全量Pb-210 的滯留時間介於0.35∼2.13 年。各測站Po-210 相對於Pb-210 在顆粒態或是溶解態中皆明顯不足,總量的活度比值平均為0.58,表示Po-210 比Pb-210 更容易被清除。因此海水中有機顆粒於清除Po-210 後,有很大部分在分解前可能已進入食物鏈中而無法觀測到。
Abstract
The purposes of this study are to understand the variations of the particulate and dissolved Pb-210 and Po-210 in profiles in the South China Sea and to estimate the residence time of these nuclides through their extent of radioactive disequilibrium. The profiles of Pb-210 and Po-210 in particulate and dissolved phases were measured at four stations in the northern South China Sea (station B, C, D and F) and three in the Bashi Channel (stations W2, W3 and W5) from four Ocean Researcher I cruises (ORI-575, ORI-580, ORI-588 and ORI-606). At Station C two profiles were taken, one before and the other after a typhoon to see its effect, if any, during the ORI-588 cruise. As the associated Ra-226 profiles were not measured their relations to Pb-210 profiles are not available for discussion in this thesis.
The mean suspended particulate matter (SPM) concentration for each station is about 0.2 mg/kg with small deviations. Activities of Pb-210 and Po-210 in the northern South China Sea were all higher than those in the sea off NE Taiwan easured during the KEEP program. The dissolved Pb-210 profiles generally display a maximum around 15 to 25 dpm/100kg in the surface layer due to atmospheric input, and a minimum of about 5 to 15 dpm/100kg from 300 to 1000 m. The activities below 1000 m vary only slightly with a deep maximum as high as 20 dpm/100kg around 2000 to 3000 m, as seen at Station C. The particulate Pb-210 is around 3 to 5 dpm/100kg with small variation for the entire water column. The dissolved Po-210 profiles are somewhat similar to the dissolved Pb-210 profiles, but lower by about 5 to 10 dpm/100kg in activity. The mean residence time is about 0.76 year for total Po-210 in the entire water column, and 0.35 to 2.13 years for total Pb-210 in the mixed layer. At each station, Po-210 is deficient relative to Pb-210 in either the particulate or dissolved phase. The mean total
Po-210/Pb-210 activity ratio is about 0.58, indicating that Po-210 is more effectively scavenged. It is imperative to understand the fate and pathway of the missing Po-210. Judging from its biophilic nature, Po-210 may have been absorbed or consumed by biomass and enriched in
various tropic levels in the food chain, in addition to being scavenged and removed by sinking particles.
目次 Table of Contents
中文摘要……………………………………………………… I
英文摘要……………………………………………………… III
目錄…………………………………………………………… V
圖目錄………………………………………………………… VI
表目錄………………………………………………………… VII
第一章緒論………………………………………………… 1
第二章研究方法…………………………………………… 5
2.1 採樣地點及方法………………………………… 5
2.2 分析方法………………..………………………. 8
2.3 活性修正……. …………………………………… 9
2.4 分佈係數Kd……………………………………… 12
2.5 分化係數F………………………………………... 13
第三章結果與討論………………………………………… 14
3.1 水文資料描述…………….………………………. 14
3.2 懸浮顆粒濃度(SPM)分佈.. ………………………. 18
3.3 Pb-210 和Po-210 分佈….………………………… 24
3.4 分佈係數Kd 與分化係數F………………………. 37
3.5 Pb-210 與Po-210 不平衡狀態……………………. 41
3.6 Po-210 不足的原因………………………………. 51
結論..…………………….………………………………….. 53
參考資料.…………………….……………………………….. 54
附錄…………………………………………………………… 58
圖目錄
頁碼
圖一Pb-210 與Po-210 的入海途徑示意圖…………………… 3
圖二研究區域各測站位置圖………………………………….. 6
圖三水樣中溶解態與顆粒態Pb-210 及Po-210 之分析流程圖10
圖四各深水測站之CTD鹽度剖面…………………….……….. 15
圖五各深水測站之CTD溫度剖面……………..………………. 16
圖六各深水測站之溫鹽圖…………..…………………………. 17
圖七測站W2、W3 及W5 懸浮顆粒濃度之垂直變化……..… 21
圖八測站B、D、E 及F 懸浮顆粒濃度之垂直變化…….…… 22
圖九測站C 懸浮顆粒濃度之垂直變化…..………………….… 23
圖十測站W2 顆粒態與溶解態之Pb-210 與Po-210 活性垂直
剖面圖……………………………………..….…………… 28
圖十一測站W3 及W5 顆粒態與溶解態之Pb-210 與Po-210 活
性垂直剖面圖…………………………..….……………… 29
圖十二測站B 顆粒態與溶解態之Pb-210 與Po-210 活性垂直剖
面圖………..…..…………………………………………… 31
圖十三測站D 顆粒態與溶解態之Pb-210 與Po-210 活性垂直剖
面圖………..…..…………………………………………… 32
圖十四測站F 顆粒態與溶解態之Pb-210 與Po-210 活性垂直剖
面圖………..…..…………………………………………… 33
圖十五測站C1 顆粒態與溶解態之Pb-210 與Po-210 活性垂直剖
面圖……..…..……………………….…………………… 34
圖十六測站C2 顆粒態與溶解態之Pb-210 與Po-210 活性垂直剖
面圖……..…..……………………………………………… 35
圖十七各測站Po-210 與Pb-210 之log Kd 垂直變化…………… 39
圖十八表水Po-210/Pb-210 比值分佈…………………………….. 42
圖十九各測站之Po-210 與Pb-210 活性比值變化………….…… 43
圖二十各測站溶解態與全量Po-210 與Pb-210 之活性比值…… 46
表目錄
頁碼
表一各測站經緯度、底深及採樣航次與日期…………………… 7
表二各測站懸浮顆粒濃度(SPM) ……………………………… 19
表三各測站之Pb-210 與Po-210 活性….………………………. 25
表四懸浮顆粒、沈降顆粒及沈積物表層之Pb-210 與Po-210 活
性比較……………………………………………………… 38
表五各測站在各深度之全量Po-210 滯留時間………………… 47
表六各測站全量Pb-210 在混合層的滯留時間……….………. 50
表七浮游動物表觀Po-210 活性…………………….…………... 52
參考文獻 References
中文部份
林育農,1991,台灣東部及東北部黑潮海域釙-210 與鉛-210 之放射
性地球化學,國立中山大學海洋地質研究所碩士論文。
何良彪,1991,早更新世以來南海中部的沈積作用,海洋地質與第四
紀地質,11,35-46。
李粹中,1991,南海深海沈積物14C 測年和近代沈積物速率的研究,
海洋學報,12,340-346。
吳佑民, 1995, 臺灣東北海域鐳-226、鉛-210 及釙-210 之活性不平衡
狀態, 國立中山大學海洋地質研究所碩士論文。
陳平,1996,台灣海域及高雄地區大氣懸浮微粒之粒徑分析與鉛-210
活性分佈,國立中山大學海洋地質研究所碩士論文。
陳榮男, 1996, 臺灣南部海域鐳-226、鉛-210 及釙-210 之季節變化與
活性不平衡, 國立中山大學海洋地質研究所碩士論文。
王樹倫,1997,西北太平洋邊緣海二氧化碳之研究,國立中山大學海
洋地質研究所博士論文。
邱薰慧,2000,台灣周圍海域浮游生物釙-210 和鉛-210 含量及釙-210
之富集現象,國立中山大學海洋地質研究所碩士論文。
蘇峰慧,2000,南海海水氧同位素深度變化與混合層關係之研究,國
立中山大學海洋地質研究所碩士論文。
張慧貞,2002,南海北部海域及高屏峽谷之沈降顆粒及沈積物:通量、
粒徑與鉛、釙不平衡,國立中山大學海洋地質研究所碩士論文。
英文部份
Bacon, M. P., D. W. Spencer and P. G. Brewer, 1976, Pb-210/Ra-226 and
Po-210/Pb-210 disequilibria in seawater and suspended particulate
matter, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 32, 277-296.
Bacon, M. P., P. G. Brewer, D. W. Spencer, J. W. Murray and J. Goddard,
1980, Lead-210 and polonium-210 manganese and iron in the
Cariaco Trench, Deep Sea Res., 27A, 119-135.
Bacon, M. P., R. A. Belastock, M. Tecotzky, K. k. Turekian, D. W.
Spencer, 1988, Lead-210 and polonium-210 in ocean water profiles
of the continental shelf and slope south of New England, Cont. Shelf
Res., 8, 841-853.
Balkanski, Y. J., D. J. Jacob, G. M. Gardner, W. C. Graustein, K. K.
Turekian, 1993, Transport and residence time of tropospheric
aerosols inferred from a global three-dimensional simulation of 210Pb,
J. Geophys. Res., 98, 20573-20586.
Beasley, T. M., M. Heyraud, J. J. W. Higgo, R. D. Cherry and S. W.
Fowler, 1978, 210Po and 210Pb in zooplankton fecal pellets, Marine
Biol., 44, 325-328.
Burton, W. M. and N. G. Stewart, 1960, Use of long-lived natural
radioactivity as an atmospheric tracer, Nature, 186, 584-589.
Chung, Y. and H. Craig, 1983, Pb-210 in the Pacific: the GEOSECS
measurements of particulate and dissolved concentrations, Earth
Planet. Sci. Lett., 65, 406-432.
Cochran, J. K., M. P. Bacon, S. Krishnaswami and K. K. Turekian, 1983,
210Po and 210Pb distributions in the central and eastern Indian Ocean,
Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 65, 433-453.
Flynn, W. W., 1968, The determination of low levels of polonium-210 in
environmental materials, Anal. Chimica Acta., 43, 221-227.
Gong, G. C., K. K. Liu, C. A. Liu and S. C. Pai, 1992, The chemical
hydrography of the South China Sea West of Luzon and a
comparison with the west Philippine Sea, Terrestr. Atm. Ocean Sci.
(TAO), 3, 587-602.
Heyraud, M. and R. D. Cherry, 1979, Polonium-210 and lead-210 in
marine food chains, Marine Biol., 52, 227-236.
Lin, Y. N. and Y. Chung, 1991, Pb-210 and Po-210 distributions and their
radioactive disequilibria in the Kuroshio Waters off eastern and
northeastern Taiwan, TAO, 2, 243-265.
Nozaki, Y., and S. Tsunogai, 1976, Ra-226, Pb-210 and Po-210
disequilibria in the western North Pacifi, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 32,
313-321.
Nozaki, Y., N. Ikuta and M. Yashima, 1990, Unusually large Po-210
deficiencies relative to Pb-210 in the Kuroshio Current of the East
China and Philippine Seas, J. Geophys. Res., 5321-5329.
Nozaki, Y., F. Dobashi, Y. Kato and Y. Yamamoto, 1998, Distribution of
Ra isotopes and the 210Pb and 210Po balance in surface seawaters of
the mid Northern Hemisphere, Deep-Sea Res. I, 45, 1263-1284.
Sarin, M. M., Guebuem Kim, T. M. Church, 1999, 210Po and 210Pb in
the South-equatorial Atlantic: distribution and disequilibrium in the
upper 500 m, Deep-Sea Res. II, 46, 907-917.
Shannon, L. V., R. D. Cherry and M. J. Orren, 1970, Polonium-210 and
lead-210 in the marine environment, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 34,
701-711.
Shaw, P. –T., 1996, Winter upwelling off Luzon in the northeastern South
China Sea, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 16435-16448.
Turekian, K. K., Y. Nozaki and L. K. Benninger, 1977, Geochemistry of
atmosphere radon and radon products, Ann. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci.
Lett., 5, 227-255.
Wei, C. L. and J. W. Murrary, 1994, The behavior of scavenged isotopes
in marine anoxic environments: Pb-210 and Po-210 in the water
column of the Black Sea, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 58,
1795-1811.
電子全文 Fulltext
本電子全文僅授權使用者為學術研究之目的,進行個人非營利性質之檢索、閱讀、列印。請遵守中華民國著作權法之相關規定,切勿任意重製、散佈、改作、轉貼、播送,以免觸法。
論文使用權限 Thesis access permission:校內校外完全公開 unrestricted
開放時間 Available:
校內 Campus: 已公開 available
校外 Off-campus: 已公開 available


紙本論文 Printed copies
紙本論文的公開資訊在102學年度以後相對較為完整。如果需要查詢101學年度以前的紙本論文公開資訊,請聯繫圖資處紙本論文服務櫃台。如有不便之處敬請見諒。
開放時間 available 已公開 available

QR Code