本論文主要研發被動式可自行加濕的可攜式質子交換膜氫燃料(HFC)電池組。基於可攜式的應用，故儘量簡化電池組結構。由於陰極直接暴露於大氣之下，所以在長時間運作下，交換膜很容易因過度蒸發導致缺水，使性能下降。傳統的加濕構造較複雜不適合於可攜式應用，故本論文研發的HFC電池組利用棉線的毛細現象，將水由水槽經綿線傳送至交換膜，藉由棉線與膜的良好碰觸及交換膜親水的特性使水達到交換膜內部加濕，此簡化的被動式構造不需增加龐大加濕裝置，符合可攜之原則。
16-cell HFC電池組電流收集器採用碳纖維束，搭配兩組8-cell banded-type MEA，利用埋設在碳纖維束內的鍍銀導線，在外部串聯，以達到所需高電壓。實驗發現16-cell 電池組串聯，在電流密度大於110mA/cm2時，需使用加濕，以避免較長時間操作下，由於交換膜缺水導致電壓下降。加濕不僅幫助傳導氫離子，且有冷卻電池的作用，使電池組不會因溫度過高導致蒸散速率加快，使膜內導氫離子的水通道減少太多。當電流密度大於250mA/cm2時，雖然加濕仍然可以產生效用，但單一棉線加濕量不足，一小時後電壓約下降20%，此電池組在更長時間操作下，如無其他輔助加濕，電壓會有更明顯衰退的現象，更多棉線加濕或額外的外部加濕可維持較長時間穩定操作。故為了避免電池組性能的衰退，在長時間操作時，需注意工作條件與操作範圍。

In this thesis, a PEMFC stack, which can be self-humidification of passive portable hydrogen fuel cell, will be developed. The stack is developed for portable applications, so the structure of the stack is simplified as possible as we can. As the cathode directly exposed under the atmosphere, so in a long time, the membrane easily lead to excessive evaporation of water, so that performance degradation. The traditional humidifier is more complex applications are not suitable for portable, so this thesis stack developed by the use of cotton capillarity, the water from the tanks transferred to the membrane, and then by cotton and a good touch to the membrane humidifier effect, this structure without an increase in large equipment, in line with the principles of portability.
The PEMFC stack is made with carbon fiber bunches for current collectors and two 8-cell banded-type MEAs, the stack can develop a high voltage by serially connecting outside of the reaction chamber. 16-cell in series when the current density is greater than 110mA/cm2, use humidification to avoid long time operation, due to water cause a voltage drop. Humidification is not only to help transfer of hydrogen ions, and the role of a cooling stack, the cells temperature is too high will not cause transpiration rate of speed. Current density greater than 250mA/cm2, although humidity can still be effective, but insufficient humidification single cotton, one hour after, the voltage drop of about 20% longer cell performance, such as humidity will be no more have a more significant decline phenomenon, more cotton or additional external humidification humidifier can maintain a long-time stable operation. Therefore, the performance of the cells in order to avoid a recession, should pay attention to in a long time when working conditions and operating range.

目錄 ………………………………………………………………………..i
圖目錄 ……………………………………………………………………iv
摘要 ………………………………………………………………………ix
Abstract …………….…………………………………..…………………xi
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 前言 1
1.2 燃料電池 2
1.2.1 燃料電池的種類與特性 2
1.3 文獻回顧 6
1.4 研究目的 14
第二章 質子交換膜燃料電池工作原理與基本架構 15
2.1質子交換膜燃料電池的工作原理 15
2.1.1 反應效率 16
2.1.2 燃料電池理論消耗量 17
2.1.3 燃料電池極化現象 18
2.1.4 燃料電池質傳現象 20
2.2 質子交換膜燃料電池基本架構 21
2.2.1 膜極組(MEA) 21
2.2.2 電流收集板 24
2.2.3 碳纖維單/雙極板與石墨板的優劣比較 26
第三章 可攜式PEMFC電池組設計與製作 29
3.1 可攜式氫燃料電池組設計步驟與構想 29
3.2 碳纖維束製作 29
3.3 MEA製作 32
3.3.1 質子交換膜的預處理 32
3.3.2 裁切電極 33
3.3.3 熱壓 33
3.4 可攜式氫燃料電池組設計與製作 34
3.4.1 電池組規格 35
3.4.2 新型電池組設計要點 35
第四章 實驗方法 39
4.1 實驗材料 39
4.2 實驗設備 40
4.3 實驗步驟 41
第五章 實驗結果與討論 43
5.1 實驗條件 43
5.2 單cell性能測試 44
5.3 4-cell電池組設計 45
5.4 4-cell性能測試 45
5.5 4-cell電池組加濕與未加濕長時間穩定性測試 46
5.6 16-cell電池組設計 47
5.7碳纖維束結合壓力與總電阻量測 47
5.8 16-cell性能測試 48
5.9 16-cell電池組未加濕長時間穩定性測試和溫度變化 48
5.10 16-cell電池組加濕與未加濕長時間穩定性測試比較 49
5.11新型16-cell可攜式氫燃料電池組操作範圍 51
第六章 結論 52
參考文獻 54

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