硬骨魚類的雌雄分化分為性腺的性別分化（gonadal sexual differentiation）與腦部的性別分化（brain sexual differentiation）。腦的性別分化可控制性腺的分化，腦的性別分化源自於神經發育，進一步，導致腦神經構造及功能具有雌雄差異，稱為兩性相(sexual dimorphism)。神經的發育可受基因調控與外在環境因子調控。在吳郭魚的性別分化關鍵時期，高溫可促進吳郭魚雄化的比例，而在低溫可促進吳郭魚雌化的比例，另外，溫度可影響腦中神經傳導物系統的發育，也可影響腦中神經化學物質的活性，並具雌雄差異。因此溫度在腦的性別分化上具有重要性，且溫度對神經發育之影響具雌雄差異。本論文以細胞培養方式，探討吳郭魚Tilapia，（Oreochromis mossambicus）中，腦中神經細胞之生理特性之雌雄差異。結果顯示溫度對雌、雄吳郭魚腦之神經細胞的增生均具正相關性。

Sexual differentiation is divided into gonadal sexual differentiation and brain sexual differentiation in the teleosts. Gonadal sexual differentiation is regulated by brain sexual differentiation. Brain sexual differentiation is resulted from the neural development, which lead to the sexual dimorphism of both structure and functions of brain. The neural development is influenced by the genetic factors and the external environmental factors. The lower temperature induces a higher proportion of female while the elevated temperature induces a higher proportion of male in tilapia. In addition, there is sexual difference in effects of temperature on the activity of brain neurochemicals. Water temperature plays an important role on the development of central neurotransmitter systems and sexual differentiation during the developing period. In the present study, the primary neural culture cloned from the female and male tilapia，Oreochromis mossambicus was used. The difference of the physiological characteristics between the neural cells derived from the females and males, were investigated. These results show that the elevated temperature has an effect to enhance the proliferation in both primary neural culture of females and males.

論文審定書………………………………………………….……… i
誌謝……………………………………………………………….… ii
中文摘要………………………………………………………..….. iii
英文摘要………………………………………..………….………. iv
目錄……………………………………………………………...… v
附圖(表)目錄……………………………………………………… vi
前 言 1
實 驗 材 料 與 方 法 3
結 果 9
討 論 12
參 考 文 獻 14
附 圖 （表） 17

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