為了支援車載隨意網路（vehicular ad hoc network）裡頭的車間語音通訊及行車路況的視訊分享，媒介存取控制（medium access control，簡稱MAC）協定必需提供服務品質（quality-of-service，簡稱QoS）的功能。目前車載隨意網路的國際標準為802.11p，其支援服務品質的方法和802.11e一樣，包含分散式的EDCA（enhance distributed channel access）及集中式的HCCA（hybrid controlled channel access）。雖然文獻指出，針對即時影音的資料傳輸來看，HCCA的效能勝過EDCA，然而HCCA僅適用在有access point的環境。因此不少論文都試圖在車載隨意網路上建構叢集（cluster）的架構，藉由讓叢集首（cluster-head）扮演access point的角色來達到支援服務品質保證。然而維護叢集的頻寬成本相當高，包含叢集首的選舉及改選、叢集首的交遞（handover）、叢集的合併、及叢集使用頻道的切換，等。為此，我們提出被動叢集式媒介存取控制協定，稱為RC-MAC，不但能和802.11p共存，而且在所有車輛都不用消耗頻寬在維護叢集及叢集首的情況下即可達成類似HCCA的效果，進而支援服務品質保證。模擬實驗結果顯示，從多媒體影音串流的傳輸效能（throughput、delay）來看，RC-MAC都優於現存的叢集式媒介存取控制協定。

The international medium access control (MAC) standard for the vehicular ad hoc network (VANET), IEEE 802.11p, provides two channel access schemes to support quality-of-service (QoS): one is EDCA (enhanced distributed channel access) and the other is HCCA (hybrid controlled channel access). Previous studies have shown that HCCA outperforms EDCA especially for real-time multimedia traffic transmissions. However, HCCA can work only in a wireless environment with access points. To support QoS in a VANET, previous schemes tried to construct clusters and let the cluster-head play the role of an access point. However, such an approach consumes large amount of bandwidth on cluster-related operations, including cluster-head election, cluster-head handover, cluster mergence, and cluster channel switch etc. To overcome these drawbacks, we design a new cluster-based MAC protocol, named RC-MAC, which can mimic the operations of HCCA without consuming bandwidth on maintaining clusters and cluster-heads. Hence it is expectable that the protocol overhead of RC-MAC is low. The simulation results show that, in terms of throughput and delay, RC-MAC significantly outperforms existing cluster-based MAC protocols.

論文審定書……i
誌謝……ii
摘要……iii
Abstract……iv
目錄……v
圖次……vii
表次……ix
第一章 緒論……1
1.1動機與目標……1
1.2 相關文獻……2
1.3 論文貢獻……4
第二章 RC-MAC ……7
2.1 車載網路系統架構……7
2.2 Superframe結構……9
2.3 Jury Confirmation Procedure……12
2.4 Prioritization Procedure……14
2.5 Collision Resolution Procedure……15
2.6 Data Transmission Procedure……17
2.7 Online Admission Control……20
2.8 Emergency Message Broadcast……24
第三章 模擬實驗……25
3.1 模擬器設計與實作……25
3.2實驗環境……29
3.3 參數設定……32
3.4 Wireless channel環境設定……34
3.5 模擬實驗結果……35
3.5.1 檢驗RC-MAC的admission control……37
3.5.2 Real-time vehicle數量對效能的影響……41
3.5.3 Best-effort traffic load對效能的影響……44
3.5.4 Best-effort traffic load對緊急訊息的影響……48
3.5.5 移動速度對效能的影響……50
第四章 結論……52
附錄……53
專有名詞對照表……59
參考文獻……61

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