本文以《故里人歸》、《黛絲姑娘》及《無名的裘德》為文本，旨在研究哈代小說中的社會流動，討論在家庭背景、教育及社會不公的影響下，個人在快速的社會流動中產生了認同危機。本研究也呈現了作者本身在向上社會流動的過程中，所遭遇的阻礙與內在衝突轉化為小說中的部份素材，因此使得小說具有高度的個人自傳性份。
本文共分五部份。導論論及工業革命與其他歷史事件對當時創造社會流動所扮演的角色，也討論家庭背景、個人特質與社會不公等扮演著阻礙社會流動的角色。其中特別關注的是來自下層階級的人完全被拒於社會向上流動，同時在他們奮鬥的過程中也產生了自我認同上的衝突。第一章以《故里人歸》為本，討論個人困境產生於社會流動中個人與他人期待間的落差。第二章討論《黛絲姑娘》，著重在家庭背景與教育因素，在流動的社會中導致了社會地位錯置與孤立。第三章以《無名的裘德》為例，指出由於個人家庭背景、負面特質與社會不公等因素使個人對人生與目標的幻滅，妨礙了個人向上流動的計劃與目標。同時在本章中呈現了下層階級幾乎沒有向上社會流動的機會，因而傳達了對社會不公做無聲但最嚴厲的抗議。結論強調完全的社會流動在當時是不可能的，既而強調哈代悲劇小說的重點不在悲劇性本身，而在他所描述的社會流動中下層階級的人性尊嚴------面對困境以求獲得較好的生活與解決自我衝突上所做的努力。

This thesis is a study of social mobility in Thomas Hardy's novels based on The Return of the Native, Tess of the d'Urbervilles, and Jude the Obscure. Using the influence of family background, education and social injustice, it discusses the identity crisis that arises from an individual's rapid social mobility. The study also shows how the obstacles and the inner conflicts that the novelist himself encounters in his own process of moving upward socially, are transformed into parts or fragments of his novels, imbuing them with highly autobiographical elements.
The introduction discusses the roles that the Industrial Revolution and other occurrences in history played in creating social mobility at the time and the roles that family background, education, personal temperament, and social injustice played in inhibiting it. Particular attention is paid to how the individuals, particularly those from the lower classes, are stopped from moving upward completely and what conflicts in self-identity are created in their struggles. Chapter one discusses The Return of the Native, focusing on the dilemma arising from the discrepancy between the expectations of oneself and others in social mobility. Chapter two discusses Tess of the d'Urbervilles, focusing on the idea that family background and education can lead to social displacement and alienation in a mobile society. Chapter three discusses Jude the Obscure, focusing on how disillusion with one's own life and goals caused by one's own family background and negative temperament as well as social injustice can sabotage one'

Introduction-------------------------------------------------------------------1
Chapter One The Return of the Native: The Search for Identity----------17
Chapter Two Tess of the d'Urbervilles: Sad Music for the Displaced-----31
Chapter Three Jude the Obscure: The Thwarted Life------------------------46
Conclusion--------------------------------------------------------------------61
Works Cited & Consulted-------------------------------------------------------68

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