由於地理資訊系統(Geographic Information Systems)結合了真實世界中的地理資料，所以現實生活中的各種活動與現象，如交通運輸、土地資源利用、海洋油污染等，皆可利用地理資訊系統來管理與監控。然而，地理資料是會隨時間而變的。當我們想要了解地理資料從過去到現在所發生的變化以及改變所隱含的意義時，就可以借由時間地理資訊系統來幫助我們管理與分析記錄時間的地理資料(時空資料)。而時間地理資訊系統的建置必須設計一個時空資料模式來組織時空資料，所以本研究首重於設計一個關聯式的時空資料模式，做為時間地理資訊系統的建置基礎，並用來管理具有時間資訊的都市計畫土地使用分區資料。

在地理資訊系統的關聯式資料庫儲存結構中，主要以Tuple-Timestamping方式來記錄地理資料的時間。所以在本研究中，便採用Tuple-Timestamping的方式來建構一個時間地理資訊系統(Temporal GIS)，並以高雄市都市計畫之土地使用分區資料為實做範例，期望提供一個時間地理資訊系統使土地使用分區變遷的追蹤與管理能更加便利。

本研究利用ESRI ArcView8.x來開發整個時間地理資訊系統，並使用其中地理資料庫(GeoDatabase)，將空間資料與屬性資料一同匯至地理資料庫中儲存。同時利用Tuple-Timestamping的方式在關聯表中加入時間屬性，做為都市計畫土地使用分區資料的管理機制。最後，再以ArcObject程式開發時間相關之查詢功能，做為時間地理資訊系統的建置。

Various activities and phenomenon in environment such as transportation, land resources exploitation and oceanic oil pollution can be analyzed and monitored by using GIS. But those will evolve when time elapses. In order to realize changes and implicit meaning in evolution, we can manage and analyze time-stamping geographic data (spatial-temporal data) in a temporal GIS. It is important to set up a spatial-temporal data model before building a temporal GIS. So, the focus of this research is the design of a relational spatial-temporal data model.

The major type of storing time of geographic data in the relational database of a GIS is to stamp each record with time (tuple-timestamping), so this method will be used in this research. The objective of this research is the development of a temporal GIS and makes the track of land use zoning change more convenient. The management and track of change of land use zoning data of Kaoshioung city is the case study in this research.

The ArcView 8.x software is used to develop a temporal GIS and spatial data and attribute data will be exported to geodatabase in it. Building spatial-temporal queries with ArcObject is the development of a temporal GIS in this research.

第一章 緒論………………………………………………………………………1
1-1 研究背景……………………………………………………………………1
1-2 研究動機與目的……………………………………………………………2
1-3 章節概要……………………………………………………………………2
第二章 文獻回顧………………………………………………………………...4
2-1 地理資訊系統………………………………………………………………4
2-1-1 地理資料…………………………………………………………….4
2-1-2 地理資訊系統之功能……………………………………………….6
2-1-3 地理資訊系統之建置……………………………………………….7
2-2 時間地理資訊系統…………………………………………………………8
2-2-1 地理資訊系統與時間………………………………………………..8
2-2-2 時空資料……………………………………………………………10
2-2-3 時空資料模式………………………………………………………11
2-3 地理資料庫(GeoDatabase)………………………………………………..17
2-3-1 關聯式資料庫與物件導向資料庫…………………………………17
2-3-2 ESRI地理資料模式……………………………………………….19
2-3-3 地理資料庫介紹……………………………………………………20
第三章 研究方法…...…………………………………………………………..22
3-1 物件導向概念…………………………………………………………22
3-2 都市土地使用改變之模式化…………………………………………24
3-3 系統設計..……………………………………………………………..25
3-3-1 時間表示方式…………………………………………………27
3-3-2 時空資料的儲存方式...……………………………………….28
3-3-3 親子物件的追蹤………………………………………………31
3-3-4 關聯式資料模式的整合限制條件…..………………………..32

第四章 研究成果………………………………………………………….……37
4-1 系統資料建置……….………………………………………………..37
4-1-1 檔案轉換…………………………………………………………37
4-1-2 屬性值建置……………………………………………..………..37
4-1-3 圖形處理……………………………………………...………….42
4-2 時空資料查詢…….…………………………………………………..80
第五章 結論與建議…………………………………………………………103
5-1 結論……………….………………………………………………….103
5-2 建議….……………..………………………………………………...105
參考文獻………………………………………………………………………….107

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