費德列克•法蘭西斯•蕭邦 ( Frederic Francois Chopin, 1810-1849 )，是音樂史上第一位以樂器形式寫作敘事曲的作曲家。蕭邦自一八三一年至一八四三年共創作四首敘事曲。本研究主要探討蕭邦《G小調敘事曲 作品二十三》與《F小調敘事曲 作品五十二》對比手法 ( contrast ) 的使用。首先探討蕭邦生平與敘事曲創作背景；再者歸納敘事曲的起源與演變對現今敘事曲的影響；最後針對蕭邦《G小調敘事曲》與《F小調敘事曲》對比手法在樂曲中的運用方式，以及是否在不同的曲式結構中，對比技巧的呈現有明顯的差異性，讓演奏者能更了解蕭邦的敘事曲的寫作特色。期望演奏者在彈奏蕭邦敘事曲時除了具備技巧之外，能更深入瞭解作品的內涵及所要表達的意念。

Frederic Francois Chopin was the first composer to write a Ballade as an instrumental musical work. From 1831 to 1843 he wrote a total of four Ballades. This study primarily discusses Chopin's use of contrast in the Ballade in G minor, opus 23 and in the Ballade in F minor, opus 52. First, it discusses the background of Chopin's life and his composition of the Ballades. Second, it reviews the origin and development of those genres of poetry and music called "ballad" or "ballade" that relate to Chopin's
Ballades. Finally, it focuses on the ways that Chopin utilizes contrast in the G minor Ballade and the F minor Ballade, on whether or not the contrasts appear differently in different musical forms, and on allowing the performer
to understand the unique kinds of writing in the Ballades. It is hoped that the performer who plays the Ballades, in addition to having the required technical ability, is also able to understand in more depth the content of these Ballades and the ideas they are meant to express.

前言…………………………………………………………….…..1
蕭邦之生平簡介與敘事曲創作背景.…………..……….……….2
敘事曲的起源與演變……………………………………………….8
蕭邦敘事曲的曲式………………………………………….…….12
蕭邦音樂作品對比手法的使用…………………………………..19
《G小調敘事曲》與《F小調敘事曲》對比手法法呈現方式…..22
結論…………………………………………………………………36
參考資料……………………………………………………………38

西文書目
Abraham, Gerald. Chopin’s Musical Style. London : Hutchinson University, 1941.
Brown, Maurice J. E.. Chopin : An Index of His Work in Chronological Order. London: Macmillan, 1972.
Eigeldinger, Jean Jacques. Howat, Roy. Chopin : Pianist and Teacher as seen by his Pupils. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1986.
Gillesple, John. Five Centuries of Keyboard Music. New York: Dover Publications, Inc., 1972.
Griffel, L. Michael. “The Sonata Design in Chopin’s Ballades.” Current Musicology ( Dec.1983 ) : 125-136.
Grout, Donald Jay. Palisca, Claude V.. A History of Western Music. Fifth Edition New York: W.W. Norton, 1996.
Hedley, Arthur. Chopin. London: Dent, 1947.
Huneker, James. Chopin : The Man and his Music. New York : Dover Publications, Inc., 1966.
Mizwa, Stephen P.. Frederic Chopin, 1810-1849. New York : Macmillan Co., 1949.
Paderewski, Ignace Jan. Bronarski , Ludwik. Turczynski, Jozef. Chopin Complete works. Poland : Polish Music Publications, 1977.
Parakilas, Jame. Ballades Without Words. Portland: Amadeus Press, 1992.
Samson, Jim. Chopin: the Four ballades. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press, 1992.
__________and Rink, John. Chopin Studies. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press, 1988
Stolba, K.Marie. The Development of Western Music. Boston : McGraw Hill, 1988.
Todd, R Larry. Nineteenth Century Piano Music. New York : Schirmer Books, 1990.
Witten, Neil David. The Chopin Ballades : An Analytical Study. Doctor of Musical Arts of Boston University School For thu Arts, 1974.
Wordsworth, William. Lyrical Ballads. London: Oxford University Press, 1969 .
工具書
The New Harvard Dictionary of Music ( 1986 ), S.V. “ Ballad,” by Don Michael Randel.
_________, S. V. “Ballade (1) ,” ed. By Don Michael Randel.
_________, S. V. “ Ballade (2) ,” by Rufus Hallmark.
中文書目
安被次郎 著。 〈敘事曲的起源與演變〉，《全音音樂文摘》。許婉聆 譯。民國七十七年五月。
李斯特 著。《李斯特論蕭邦》。張澤民、高士彥、虞承中 郭竽譯。台北市：世界文物出版社，民國八十二年。
余濟倫 著。 〈蕭邦鋼琴作品與十九世紀歐洲浪漫主義〉，《歷史月刊》。民國八十八年十月。
邵義強 著。 《鋼琴名曲的演奏詮釋 2》。台北市：全音樂譜出版社，民國七十三年。
胡雅婷 著。 《蕭邦敘事曲作品五十二 音樂分析與演奏詮釋之研究》。輔仁大學碩士論文。民國八十九年。
原明美 著。 《蕭邦敘事曲的特徵》。張淑懿 譯。民國七十七年五月。
張己任 著。 〈蕭邦的音樂人生與其在音樂史上的地位〉，《歷史月刊》。民國八十八年十月。
賴品真 著。 《浪漫時期四首鋼琴敘事曲》。國立藝術學院碩士論文，民國八十八年。