頻率為電力系統運轉是否可靠的一項參考指標。異常的頻率變動會對系統的發電、輸電、配電等相關設備產生不良影響，並會降低用戶端的供電品質，進而影響設備性能；因此規範適當的頻率品質標準並保持系統頻率在安全的範圍內運轉是相當重要的。北美電力可靠度公司(North American Electric Reliability Corporation, NERC)在1997年公布了控制效能標準(Control Performance Standard, CPS)CPS1、CPS2用以作為評估頻率控制之效能；此標準主要是倚賴系統頻率與區域間互聯輸電線之電力潮流來評估頻率品質。本研究主要目的為以NERC所制定之CPS1標準為基礎，研擬一可反映台電公司現行採用之頻率品質評估準則的CPS1計算方式，並以此分析台電公司頻率品質績效。

Power system frequency is one of the key performance indices of system operation. Abnormal frequency deviations would incur negative impacts to power equipments and service quality. Thus, it is important to operate and regulate the system frequency within an acceptable range. North American Electric Reliability Corporation (NERC) has been using a Control Performance Standard (CPS) for frequency control performance assessment since 1997 which uses system frequency and inter--area power flow to evaluate the power system control performance. This thesis presents a design of CPS for isolated system and the results of Taiwan Power Company frequency control performance based on the proposed CPS1 formulation.

摘要...........................................................................................i
Abstract..................................................................................iii
目錄..........................................................................................v
圖目錄.....................................................................................ix
表目錄.....................................................................................xi
第一章 緒論............................................................................1
1.1 研究背景...........................................................................1
1.2 研究動機...........................................................................2
1.3 文獻回顧...........................................................................3
1.4 論文架構...........................................................................5
第二章 自動發電控制與電力系統頻率控制簡介................7
2.1 負載頻率控制...................................................................7
2.1.1 發電機模型...................................................................8
2.1.2 負載模型.......................................................................8
2.1.3 原動機模型...................................................................9
2.1.4 調速機模型.................................................................10
2.2 自動發電控制................................................................13
2.2.1 單區域系統之自動發電控制.....................................14
2.2.2 多區域系統之自動發電控制.....................................15
2.2.3 互連線偏頻控制.........................................................18
2.2.4 具最佳發電調度之自動發電控制.............................18
2.3 頻率變動對用戶端設備之影響....................................20
2.4 國外電力系統運轉頻率規範........................................21
2.4.1 世界各地建立頻率控制標準的程序.........................21
2.4.2 EN 50160標準...........................................................23
2.4.3 歐洲及非洲部分國家頻率運轉標準.........................23
2.4.4 澳洲及紐西蘭頻率運轉標準.....................................24
2.4.5 北美地區頻率運轉標準.............................................26
2.4.6 台電公司目前系統頻率運轉準則與其他國家之比較...........................................................................................27
2.5 台電公司系統電力頻率控制方式與規定....................28
第三章 NERC頻率運轉標準CPS......................................39
3.1 控制效能標準CPC........................................................39
3.2 控制效能標準1(CPS1).................................................40
3.2.1 CPS1公式..................................................................40
3.2.2 符合CPS1規定..........................................................42
3.3 控制效能標準2(CPS2).................................................42
3.3.1 CPS2公式..................................................................42
3.3.2 符合CPS2規定..........................................................44
3.4 控制效能標準CPS的優點............................................44
3.5 適用於獨立系統之CPS1..............................................45
第四章 獨立系統之頻率誤差控制目標研擬......................49
4.1 CPS1公式分析..............................................................49
4.2 台電公司頻率控制目標準則........................................50
4.3 台電公司頻率誤差分佈................................................51
4.4 以台電公司頻率控制目標準則為基礎之頻率誤差控制目標ε_N................................................................................55
4.4.1 符合台電公司頻率控制目標準則之頻率誤差分佈.56
4.4.2 頻率誤差分佈轉換為頻率誤差控制目標.................59
4.5 頻率實績換算頻率誤差控制目標ε_N.........................60
第五章 台灣電力系統頻率控制績效分析與CPS1%分數計算結果...................................................................................63
5.1 台電公司歷年系統頻率實績........................................63
5.2 2002∼2005年頻率誤差CPS1%分數.......................64
5.3 2002∼2005年各月份頻率誤差CPS1%分數...........66
5.4 不同平均頻率誤差取樣區間對CPS1%分數之影響..66
5.5 CPS1分數計算流程......................................................68
第六章結論與未來研究方向...............................................71
6.1 結論與建議....................................................................71
6.2 未來研究方向................................................................73
參考文獻...............................................................................75

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