本研究樣品來自三艘我國籍遠洋鮪釣船於 2006 年四月至十二月在賽席爾海域所捕獲的93 條黃鰭鮪，尾叉長範圍為 80 至168 公分的黃鰭鮪樣品，分析其肌肉與肝臟的總汞與有機汞濃度，並比較其間的差異。結果顯示這些肌肉與肝臟中的總汞濃度與過去其他文獻相似，為鮪類中之較低值。

肌肉和肝臟中的總汞及有機汞濃度與尾叉長 113 公分以上的大魚組呈現顯著的線性正相關，而尾叉長80- 112 公分的小魚組，除了肌肉中的總汞濃度與尾叉長呈現顯著的線性負相關外，而其他如肌肉中的有機汞、肝臟中的總汞以及有機汞皆無線性關係存在。此現象為首次的發現，可能與其成長速率有關。

所有樣品中僅有一個肝臟樣品總汞濃度測值超過歐盟的總汞濃度限值（1 mg/kg THg wet wt.），其餘樣品皆符合歐盟總汞濃度限值與美國食品及藥物管理局之甲基汞濃度限值（1 mg/kg MeHg wet wt.）。依據行政院衛生署的飲食建議來估算，黃鰭鮪可取代民眾每週86%的動物性蛋白質的攝食來源。

Ninty three yellowfin tuna, Thunnus albacares, the fork length ranged from 80 to 168 cm were collected from the waters around Seychelles by two longline fishing vessels from April to December in 2006. The muscle and liver samples were analyzed for total mercury (THg) and organic mercury (OHg) concentrations.The concentrations of THg and OHg of the muscle were similar to previous studies.

The concentrations of THg and OHg form the muscles and livers were positive-linearly regressed with the fish of Fork Length larger than 113 cm (big fish group), but only THg concentration of muscle was negative- linearly regressed 80- 112 cm (small fish group). Such patterns were first found in yellowfin tuna. It might be related to the “growth rate” .

Only one THg concentration of liver were over the standard set by the European Commission Decision (1 mg / kg THg wet wt.), other samples were in accordance with standard set by the European Commission Decision and the US-FDA food safty standard (1 mg / kg MeHg wet wt.). According to the dietary recommendations set by the Department of Health, Executive Yuan, yellowfin tuna can replace 86% animal protein source per week of people.

目錄
中文摘要............................................................................................ I
英文摘要............................................................................................ II
目錄.................................................................................................... IV
內文目錄.............................................................................................IV
表目錄.................................................................................................VI
圖目錄.................................................................................................VII
內文目錄
壹、前言............................................................................................. 1
1.1 黃鰭鮪的介紹.............................................................................. 1
1.2 汞的生地化循環.......................................................................... 2
1.3 黃鰭鮪的汞濃度蓄積之文獻回顧.............................................. 3
1.4 實驗目的...................................................................................... 3
貳、材料與方法................................................................................. 5
2.1 樣品採集....................................................................................... 5
2.2 重金屬樣品前處理....................................................................... 5
2.3 樣品消化前處理........................................................................... 6
2.4 標準溶液配製................................................................................7
2.5 汞元素分析....................................................................................8
2.6 實驗分析之品保（QA, Quality Assurance）和品管（QC,
Quality Control） ............................................................................. 8
2.7 實驗器皿清洗程序....................................................................... 9
2.8 印度洋黃鰭鮪年齡資料............................................................... 9
2.9 數據處理....................................................................................... 10

參、結果............................................................................................... 11
3.1 標準樣品查核結果........................................................................ 11
3.2 印度洋黃鰭鮪樣品汞分析結果.................................................... 11
3.3 性別差異對肌肉與肝臟的汞蓄積之影響.................................... 11
3.4 肌肉與肝臟汞濃度與尾叉長、體重間的關係............................ 14
3.5 肌肉與肝臟的汞濃度與年齡成長的關係.................................... 15
3.6 黃鰭鮪肌肉組織與肝臟組織間汞濃度的關係............................ 17
肆、討論............................................................................................... 19
4.1 黃鰭鮪肌肉和肝臟組織中的汞濃度與性別之關係.................... 19
4.2 黃鰭鮪肌肉和肝臟組織中的汞濃度與體型（體長、體重）
的討論................................................................................................... 20
4.3 黃鰭鮪肌肉與肝臟組織中的汞濃度與成長速率及年齡的
關係....................................................................................................... 22
4.4 黃鰭鮪汞濃度與組織間的關係與差異........................................ 25
4.5 黃鰭鮪汞濃度與其他鮪類文獻比較............................................ 25
4.6 食用安全性.................................................................................... 27
伍、參考文獻....................................................................................... 30
表........................................................................................................... 36
圖........................................................................................................... 44

表目錄
表1、派船計畫樣品清單..................................................................... 36
表2、本研究同步分析之國際標準樣品（DORM-2；DOLT-2）
的總汞、有機汞的測值與回收率(R%) ............................................. 37
表3、總汞、有機汞濃度（mg/kg dry wt.）與有機汞佔總汞比
例的分析結果....................................................................................... 38
表4、38 個成對肌肉與肝臟的總汞、有機汞濃度（mg/kg dry
wt.）及有機汞佔總汞比例分析數據與統計結果............................. 39
表5、肌肉與肝臟組織的總汞與有機汞的乾重濃度（mg/kg
dry wt.）與溼重濃度（mg/kg wet wt.）及乾濕比. ........................ 40
表6、本研究與其他文獻的黃鰭鮪之總汞濃度與機汞濃度
（mg/kg wetwt.）數據比較................................................................41
表7、本研究與其他鮪類的總汞與有機汞濃度（mg/kg wet wt.）
數據比較...............................................................................................42
表8、本研究之黃鰭鮪與其他地區研究之黃鰭鮪的汞濃度
（mg/kg wetwt.）和迴歸方程式比較............................................... 43

圖目錄
圖 1、西元1999 至2008 年台灣地區黃鰭鮪產量產………...……44
圖 2、三大洋1997 至2006 年黃鰭鮪的產量百分比圖...........……45
圖 3、印度洋1997 年至2006 年鮪類產量變化圖……...............…46
圖 4、印度洋黃鰭鮪肌肉與肝臟樣品照片………………….……...47
圖 5、印度洋黃鰭鮪之樣品採樣地點………………………….…...48
圖 6、黃鰭鮪尾叉長與體重關係圖…………………………….…...49
圖 7、雌雄黃鰭鮪肌肉樣品的總汞、有機汞濃度對應尾叉長關
係圖.......................................................................................................50
圖 8、雌雄黃鰭鮪肝臟樣品的總汞、有機汞濃度對應尾叉長關
係圖.......................................................................................................51
圖 9、雌雄黃鰭鮪肌肉樣品的總汞、有機汞濃度對應體重關
係圖…...................................................................................................52
圖10、雌雄黃鰭鮪肝臟樣品的總汞、有機汞濃度對應體重關
係圖…...................................................................................................53
圖11、黃鰭鮪肌肉樣品的有機汞佔總汞比例與尾叉長、體重關
係圖.......................................................................................................54
圖12、黃鰭鮪肝臟樣品的有機汞佔總汞比例與尾叉長、體重關
係圖.......................................................................................................55
圖13、黃鰭鮪肌肉樣品的有機汞、總汞濃度對應尾叉長關係圖..56
圖14、黃鰭鮪肝臟樣品的有機汞、總汞濃度對應尾叉長關係圖..57
圖15、黃鰭鮪肌肉樣品的有機汞、總汞濃度對應體重關係圖…..58
圖16、黃鰭鮪肝臟樣品的有機汞、總汞濃度對應體重關係圖.….59
圖17、黃鰭鮪肌肉樣品總汞、有機汞濃度對應分組尾叉長關
係圖.......................................................................................................60
圖18、黃鰭鮪肌肉樣品總汞、有機汞濃度對應分組體重關係圖..61
圖19、黃鰭鮪肌肉樣品總汞、有機汞濃度對應分組年齡關係圖..62
圖20、黃鰭鮪肝臟樣品總汞、有機汞濃度對應分組尾叉長關
係圖.......................................................................................................63
圖21、黃鰭鮪肝臟樣品總汞、有機汞濃度對應分組體重關係圖..64
圖22、黃鰭鮪肝臟樣品總汞、有機汞濃度對應分組年齡關係圖..65
圖23、肌肉與肝臟組織間總汞、有機汞濃度關係圖……………..66

圖24、本研究數據與過去黃鰭鮪文獻數據比較一…………...…...67
圖25、本研究數據與過去黃鰭鮪文獻數據比較二…………....…..68
圖26、本研究數據與過去黃鰭鮪文獻數據比較三…………...…...69
圖27、肌肉中有機汞、總汞濃度頻度分布…………………....…..70
圖28、肝臟中有機汞、總汞濃度頻度分布…………………....…..71
圖29、國人每週黃鰭鮪食用量之有機汞攝入量…………….….…72

中文及網站部分

行政院農委會編，1999- 2008 漁業年報。行政院農業委員會漁業署。
台灣，台北。

財團法人中華民國對外漁業合作發展協會，中華民國九十五年度台灣
地區遠洋鮪延繩釣漁業漁獲統計年報。台灣，台北。

賴建成，2009，太平洋長鰭鮪及大目鮪白色肌肉中總汞與有機汞蓄積
之研究，國立中山大學海洋生物科技暨資源所碩士論文，116頁

台灣營養健康狀況變遷調查計畫。2010行政院衛生署，中央研究院版
權所有http://nahsit.survey.sinica.edu.tw/
中華民國行政院衛生署食品藥物管理局版權所有 c 2010
http://food.doh.gov.tw/foodnew/Default.aspx

Froese, R. and D. Pauly. Editors. 2010. FishBase. World Wide Web
electronic publication. www.fishbase.org, version（01/2010）.

英文部分

Adams, D. H. 2004. Total mercury levels in tunas from offshore waters of
the Florida Atlantic coast. Marine Pollution Bulletin 49, 659-667.
Anderson, J. L. and Depledge, M. H. 1997. A survey of total mercury and
methylmercury in edible fish and invertebrate from Azorean waters.
Marine Environment Research 44（3）, 331-350.

Alain, F. and Gascuel, D. 2008. Growth rates and apparent growth curves,
for yellowfin, skipjack and bigeye tagged and recovered in the
Indian Ocean during the IOTTP. IOTC-2008-WPTDA-08

Besada, V., Gonzalez, J. J. and Schultze, F. 2006. Mercury, cadmium,
lead, arsenic, copper and zinc concentrations in albacore, yellowfin
tuna and bigeye tuna from the Atlantic Ocean. Ciencias Marinas 32
（2B）, 439- 445.

Burane, B. M. 1987. Mercury accumulation in relation to size and age of
atlantic herring（Clupea harengus harengus）from the southwestern
bay of fundy, Canda. Archives of Environmental Contamination
Toxicology 16, 311-320.

Burger, J. and Gochfeld, M. 2007. Risk to consumers from mercury in
pacific cod（Gadus macrocephalus）from the Aleutians：fish age and
size effects. Environmental Research 105, 276- 284.

Chen, M. H., Chen, C. Y., Chang, S. K. and Huang, S. W. 2007. Total
and organic mercury concentrations in the white muscles of
swordfish（Xiphias gladius）from Indian and Atlantic Oceans. Food
Additives and Contaminants 24, 969- 975

Commission Regulation (EC). 2005. No 78/2005 of 19 January 2005
amending Regulation (EC) No 466/2001 as regards heavy metals.

EPA. 1997. Mercury study report to congress. EPA-452/R-97-003. USA:
US Environmental Protection Agency, Officeof Air Quality
Planning and Standards and Office of Research and Development.

Goldstein, R. M., Brigham, M. E., and Stauffer, J. C., 1996. Comparison
of mercury concentration in liver, muscle, whole bodies, and
composites of fish from the Red River of the North. Canadian
Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 53, 244-252.

Jarup, L., 2003. Hazards of heavy metal contamination. British Medical
Bulletin 68, 167-182.

Kojadinovic, J., Potier, M., Le Corre, M., Cosson, R. P. and Bustamante,
P. 2006. Mercury content in commercial pelagic fish and its risk
assessment in the Western Indian Ocean. Science of the Total
Environment 366, 688-700

Kojadinovic, J., Potier, M., Le Corre, M., Cosson, R. P. and Bustamante,
P.2006. Bioaccumulation of trace elements in pelagic fish from the
Western Indian Ocean. Environmental Pollution 146, 548-566

Kraepiel, A. M., Keller, K., Chin, H. B., Malcolm, E. G., and Morel, F. M.
2003. Sources and variations of mercury in tuna. Environmental
Science and Technology 37, 5551-5558.

Kumar, M., Aalbersberg, B. and Mosley, L. 2004. Mercury levels in
Fijian seafoods and potential health implications. Institute of
Applied Sciences Technical Report 3, 35 pp.

Licata, P., A., Trombetta, D.,Cristani, M., Naccari, C., Martino, D., Calo,
m. andNaccari , F. 2005. Heavy metals in liver and muscle of bluefin
tuna. （Thunnus thynnus）caught in the straits of Messina（Sicily,
Italy）. Environment Monitoring and Assessment 107, 239-248.

Maldeniya, R. 1996. Food consumption of yellowfin tuna, Thunnus
albacares, in Sri Lankan waters. Environmental Biology of Fishes 47,
101-107.

May, K., Stoeppler M. and Reisinger, K. 1987. Studied in the ratio of total
mercury/ methylmercury in the aquatic food chain. Toxicological
and Environmental Chemistry 13, 153- 159.

Menasveta, P. and Siriyong, P. 1977. Mercury content of several
predacious fish in the Andaman Sea. Marine Pollution Bulletin 8,
200- 204.

Morel, F. M. M., Kraepiel, A. M. L. and Amyot, M. 1998. The chemical
cycle and bioaccumulation of mercury. Annual Review of Ecology
Systematics 29, 543- 566.

Padula, D. J., Daughtry, B. J. and Nowak, B. F. 2008. Dioxins, PCBs,
metals, metalloids, pesticides and antimicrobial residues in wild and
farmed Australian southern bluefin tuna（Thunnus maccoyii）.
Chemosphere 72, 34–44.

Pentreath, R.J. 1976. THE Accumulation of mercury from food By the
plaice,Pleuronectes Platessal. Journal of Experimental Marine
Biology and Ecology 25, 51-65.

Potier, M., Marsac, F., Lucas V., Sabatie, R., Maury, O., Hallier, J-P and
Menard, F. 2004. Feeding partitioning among tuna taken in surface
andmid-water layers: the case of yellowfin (Thunnus albacares) and
bigeye (T. obesus) in the Western tropical Indian Ocean. Western
Indian Ocean Marine Science Association 3, 51–62.

Potier, M., Marsac, F., Cherel, Y., Lucas V., Sabatie, R., Maury, O. and
Menard F. 2007. Forage fauna in the diet of three large pelagic fishes
（lancetfish, swordfish and yellowfin tuna）in the western equatorial
Indian Ocean. Fisheries Research 83, 60–72.

Stequert, B., Panfili, J. and Dean, J. M. 1996. Age and growth of yellowfin
tuna, Thunnus albacares, from the western Indian Ocean, based on
otolith microstructure. Fishery Bulletin 94, 124-134.

Storelli, M. M., Stuffler, R. G. and Marcotrigiano, G. O. 2002. Total and
methylmercury residues in tuna-fish from the Mediterranean sea.
Food Additive and Contaminants 19, 715- 720.

Reuther, C. and Wheeler M. 1996. Measuring mercury. Environmental
Health Perspectives 104, 826- 831.

Sun, C. T. and Chang, W. H. 1972. A survey of mercury residue in fish
caught by Taiwan’s fishing vessels. Journal of the Fishries Society
of Taiwan 1, 31- 40.

U. S. Food and Drug Administration. 2001. Methymercury in fish and
fisheries products hazards and controls guidance. Retrieved April 27,
2010 from
http://www.fda.gov/Food/GuidanceComplianceRegulatoryInformation/
GuidanceDocuments/Seafood/ucm092041.htm

Wexler J. B., Scholey V. P., Olson R. J., Margulies D., Nakazawa A. and
Suter J. M. 2003. Tank culture of yellowfin tuna, Thunnus albacares:
developing a spawning population for research purposes.
Aquaculture 220, 327- 353.

WHO. 1990. Environmental health criteria 101. Methylmercury. World
Health Organization 145 p.

Wu, S. J., Chang, Y. H., Fang, C. W. and Pan, W. H. 1999. Food sources
of weight, calories and three macro-nutrients-NAHSIT 1993-1996.
Nutritional Sciences Journal 24（1）, 41- 58.

Voegborlo, R. B., Matsuyama, Akagi, A. H., Adimado, A. A. and.
Ephraim, J. H. 2006. Total mercury and methylmercury
accumulation in the muscle tissue of frigate（Auxis thazard thazard）
and yellowfin（Thunnus albacares）tuna from the gulf of guinea,
Ghana. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology.
76, 840–847.