此論文研究分為兩大主題：含二氮雜菲和冠狀醚的二苯并[a,c]二氮蒽和2,3-二苯基喹喔啉新型盤型液晶，以及含氟多鏈型液晶。以光學顯微鏡，差示掃描量熱法和粉末X-射線繞射等技術檢測新型液晶化合物的熱性質。本文第二章講述於二氮雜菲系列中，二氮雜菲核心合併了二苯并[a,c]二氮蒽部分，此分子結構具有六角柱狀的中間相，且寬度極廣。X-射線繞射研究中，此分子擁有低對稱性，在管柱中平行同向排列。此外，此一分子與不同的有機溶劑作用形成凝膠。第三A章講述在二聚體冠醚系列中，2,3-二苯基喹喔啉的核心引入了二苯並-18-冠醚-6，其產生的六角柱狀液晶相範圍非常窄，而因其與鉀金屬錯合，提高了液晶相的熱穩定性。隨著側鏈的增加，鉀金屬離子錯合分子由四角液晶相至六角液晶相。此外，無論在六角或四角矩形晶格裡，管柱單位薄片都由兩個冠醚分子組成。此盤狀液晶能在室溫下維持玻璃態長達一年。本文第三B章為單體冠醚系列，此化合物本身不具液晶相，但與鋰和鈉金屬錯合後，除分子熱穩定性增加外，形成的管柱液晶具有C2mm對稱的結構。管柱單位薄片由四個分子組成。第四章，為了探討疏氟-親氟效應對液晶相的影響，於合成的三條或四條取代的含氟多鏈型液晶的末端，混合了碳氫側鏈和半氟側鏈。其中三條側鏈的多鏈型液晶，即末端有一個半氟側鏈和另一端有兩個烷氧側鏈的分子，透過碳氫側鏈和半氟側鏈互不相容的作用力，排列成層型液晶。然而，非對稱的四條側鏈取代之多鏈型液晶則產生矩形管柱中間相。

In this PhD thesis, there are two major motifs: dibenzo[a,c]phenazine- and 2,3-diphenylquinoxaline novel discogens and fluorous polycatenar liquid crystals. The thermo properties of these new compounds were elucidated using optical microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and powder X-ray diffraction. In the phenanthroline series (Chapter 2), 1,10-phenanthroline core incorporated into dibenzo[a,c]phenazine structure exhibit columnar mesophases with extremely wide width. X-ray diffraction study pinpoints to that half-shaped mesogens with reduced symmetry has preferential intra-molecular parallel conformation in the mesophase. This molecule has gel ability with different solvents. In dimeric crown ether series (Chapter 3A), 2,3-diphenylquinoxaline-based mesogens containing dibenzo-18-crown-6 has hexagonal columnar mesophase with extremely narrow width. Incorporation potassium metal ion into crown moiety dramatically enhanced mesomorphic stability and for metal complexes, as side chain increases, hexagonal mesophases predominate over rectangular mesophases. Furthermore, both in hexagon or rectangle, per columnar slice consist of two molecules. All of prolonged long glassy formation up to one year at room temperature. In monomeric crown ether series (Chapter 3B), metal-free molecules fail to be mesomorphic, but complexation with lithium and sodium metals enhanced thermo stability and rectangular mesophase (C2mm) were found. Also, per columnar slice was comprised of four molecules. Last (Chapter 4), a series of tri- and tetra-catenar mesogens containing various combinations of hydrocarbon and semiperfluorocarbon chains has been prepared to elucidate the fluorophlic-fluorophobic effect on mesomorphism. Tricatenar with one terminal semiperfluoro- and two hydrocarbon chains are aligned into lamellar periodicity driven by the mutual incompatibility of the hydrocarbon and fluorocarbon portions. But unsymmetric tetracatenar mesogens show rectangular mesophase.

TABLE OF CONTENTS
論文審定書 I
中文摘要 III
ABSTRACT IV
LIST OF FIGURES IX
LIST OF TABLES XXI
LIST OF SCHEMES XXIII
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 General Introduction to Liquid Crystals 1
1.1.1 Discovery and History 1
1.1.2 Liquid Crystal Classifications 1
1.2 Liquid Crystal Characterization Techniques 8
1.2.1 Polarized Optical Microscopy (POM) 8
1.2.2 Thermal Behaviour in Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) 10
1.2.3 XRD of LC to Study the Packing -Bragg’s Law, Miller Indices and Reciprocal Lattice in Powder X-ray Diffraction (XRD) 12
1.3 Liquid Crystal Characterization of Mesophases 13
1.4 Reviews on Dibenzo[a,c]phenazine and 2,3-Diphenylquinoxaline Mesogens 33
1.4.1 Introduction 33
1.4.2 Past Literatures on Dibenzo[a,c]phenazine and 2,3-Diphenylquinoxaline Mesogens 33
CHAPTER 2: COLUMNAR MESOPHASES FROM HEMI-SUBSTITUTED DISCOID PHENANTHROLINE MESOGEN 41
2.1 Introduction 41
2.2 Results and Discussions 46
2.2.1 Synthesis 46
2.2.2 Mesophase Behavior 48
2.2.3 Photophysical and Electrochemical Properties 57
2.2.4 Gel Behavior 60
2.3 Conclusion 63
2.4 Experimental Section 64
2.4.1 General Experimental Methods 64
2.4.2 Material Synthesis and Characterization Data 65
CHAPTER 3A: CROWN ETHER DISCOGENS - DIMER 71
3A.1 Introduction 71
3A.1.1 Review on Metal-Free Crown Ether Discogens 71
3A.1.1 Review on Crown Ether Discogens with Metal 76
3A.2 Results and Discussions 78
3A.2.1 Synthesis 78
3A.2.2 Mesophase Behavior 79
3A.2.3 Photophysical Properties 95
3A.2.4 Gel Behaviour 96
3A.3 Conclusion 99
3A.4 Experimental Section 99
3A.4.1 General Experimental Methods 99
CHAPTER 3B: CROWN ETHER DISCOGENS - MONOMER 104
3B.1 Introduction 104
3B.1.1 Review on Metal-Free Crown Ether Discogens 105
3B.1.2 Review on Crown Ether Discogens with Metal 106
3B.2 Results and Discussions 112
3B.2.1 Synthesis 112
3B.2.2 Thermal Properties of CMs and Their Complexes with 1:1 Ratio 113
3B.2.3 Different Ratios of Lithium with Crown Ether Mesogens 127
3B.2.4 Mesomorphic Parameters and the Stacking 142
3B.3 Conclusion 143
3B.4 Experimental Section 144
CHAPTER 4: POLYCATENAR AMPHIPHILIC LIQUID CRYSTALS 148
4.1 Brief Introduction to Polycatenar Liquid Crystal 148
4.2 Introduction to Fluorous Polycatenar 151
4.3 Results and Discussions 153
4.3.1 Target Compounds 153
4.3.2 Thermo Properties 157
4.3 Conculsion 167
4.4 Material Synthesis and Characterization Data 168
CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION 184

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