大自然反撲、氣候變遷、溫室效應，環保節能等議題儼然已成為與人類生存息息相關的問題，而冷氣產業也面臨產品創新與相關技術無法突破、與自身產業市場飽和等等成長困境，卻因於使用冷媒迫害臭氧層與耗費能源，成為破壞環境生態的殺手之一。在如此沉重的環保問題下，要如何抵抗外在環境壓力、如國際環保典則，與內在成長壓力－成為冷氣產業若要續存就無法不面對的嚴肅問題。而產業要如何在營業獲利與國際環保典則間取得平衡，且兼顧其社會責任。
本篇論文主要為探討冷氣產業應該如何應用原有內在資源、與多角化策略來創造產業的嶄新未來與方向，並將高污染產業成功轉型為商機無限的綠能產業未來。 因此，本文主要為探討內在環境、外在環境對產業決策的影響，並最終導致冷氣產業做多角化策略的轉型，並且成功克服其所處困境。本文以研究冷氣產業轉型的個案探討，當產業面臨外在環境迅速變動時該如何對應。而研究結果顯示：產業完成轉型更需仰賴政府政策、產學公學會、與業界等的利害關係人之間的合作、支持與溝通，共同發展熱泵熱水器，並在台灣地狹人籌的土地上創造新的機會與生機。

As environmental protection issue become the most hot global issues recently, Air Conditioning Industry has to face not only its own management and marketing problems, but also the responsibilities to environmental pollution. Thus, how to deal with the external pressure, the international regimes, and internal pressure become more and more important toward Air Conditioning Industry. How could Air Conditioning Industry take balance between international regimes and its own growth and profit? In addition, it also briefly discusses how Air Conditioning Industry could use its own resource and the strategy of diversification to create different road, making a high pollution industry transform to a green industry. Thus, this study is divided into external and internal factors which make AC industry have to change by strategy of diversification, and cases studying of how Air Conditioner transform itself to fit in the external rapidly changing world. The transformation relies on the effort and cooperation of stakeholders of government, association, and enterprises. Consequently, how these stakeholders achieve the goals on development of Taiwan's heat pump market might be more and more important on Air Conditioning Industry's future.

CONTENTS
誌 謝 iii
CONTENTS iv
FIGURES vi
TABLES vii
摘 要 viii
Abstract ix
Chapter I Introduction 1
1.1 Background History and Research Motivation 1
1.2 Research Purposes 4
1.3 Chapter Arrangement 5
Chapter II Literature Reviews 8
2.1 Industry Transformation 8
2.1.1 Product Life Cycle Theory 8
2.1.2 Industry Transformation 11
2.2 The External and Internal Environment, and Strategies. 12
2.2.1 The External and Internal Environment 13
2.2.2 Strategic Alliances 14
2.2.3 Supply Chain 16
2.3. Strategy of Diversification 18
2.3.1 The definition of diversification 18
2.3.2 The factors that form the strategy of diversification 20
2.3.3 Different types of diversification 21
2.4 Stakeholder 24
2.5 Conclusion of Literature Review 25
2.6 Theoretical Framework and Research Methods 26
2.6.1 Research Method and Research Design 26
2.6.2 Flow Chart 30
2.6.3 Theoretical Framework 32
Chapter III Air Conditioning Industry 33
3.1 Industry Background 33
3.2 External Environment 33
3.3 Internal Circumstances 35
3.4 Industrial Associated Policy 39
3.5 Conclusion 42
Chapter IV Case Study on Stakeholders of Heat Pump 43
4.1 Heat Pump and Worldwide Market: 43
4.1.1 A Brief Introduction on Heat Pump 43
4.1.2 Global Heat Pump Market 46
4.1.3 Heat Pump Market and Current Circumstance 49
4.2 The Stakeholders of Heat Pump 52
4.2.1 The Stakeholder of Government 52
4.2.2 The Stakeholder of Technology Associations 58
4.2.3 The Stakeholder of Enterprises of Air Conditioning Industry 63
4.3 Analysis and Highlights of Finding 65
Chapter V Conclusion 68
5.1 Summary and Conclusion 68
5.2 Recommendation 70
5.3 Research Limitation and Future Research Suggestion 72
Bibliography 73
Appendix 78

English Books:
Adams,J.D. (1984). Transforming Work. Alexandrix,VA: Miles Review Press.
Becker(Eds) (1992). What is a case? Exploring the foundations of social inquiry. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Berry, Charles H. (1975). Corporate Growth and Diversification, USA: Princeton University Press.
Bruch, K. and Denemark, R.A. (1997). Constituting International Political Economy, USA: Lynne Rienner Publishers, Inc.
Carraro, C.(1997). International Environmental Negotiations, UK: Edward Elgar Publishing Limited.
Chander, Parkash, and Tulkens, H. (2005). Cooperation, Stability and Self-enforcement in International Environmental Agreements: A Conceptual Discussion, Singapore: National University of Singapore Department of Economic.
Chang, C.(2003). Global Warming and the Asian Pacific, UK: Edward Elgar Publishing Limited.
DeSombre, Elizabeth R. (2006). Global Environmental Institutions, UK: Routledge Press.
Flannery, T.F.(2005). The Weather Makers: How Man Is Changing the Climate and what It Means for Life on Earth, New York: Atlantic Monthly Press.
Galloway, J.N. and Melillo, J.M. (1998). Asian Change in the Context of Global Climate Change, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Greenberg, M. (2006). Encyclopedia of Terrorist, natural, And Man-made Disasters, USA: Jones & Bartlett Publishers.
Grant, R. M. (1991), The Resource-Based Theory of Competitive Advantage: Implications for Strategy Formulation, USA: California Management Review, spring, pp.114-135.
Harris, P.G. (2001). International Equity and Global Environmental politics, England: Ashgate Publishing Limited.
Hill, C. (2007). International Business Competing in the Global Marketplace 6th ed.. New York: McGraw-Hill. pp. 168.
Hill, M.K. (2010). Understanding Environmental Pollution. UK: Cambridge University Press; 3 edition.
Icon Group International, (2010). HFC:Webster's Timeline History, 1928-2006, San Diego: ICON Group International, Inc.
Kazlowski, S. (2008). The Last Polar Bear: Facing the Truth of a Warming World, Seattle: Mountaineers Books.
Kotler, P.(1999). Marketing Management, USA: Prentice-Hall; 10th Ed.
Nagurney, A. (2006). Supply Chain Network Economics: Dynamics of Prices, Flows, and Profits, USA: Edward Elgar Publishing.
Rigsbee, Ed (2000). Developing Strategic Alliances, First Edition. USA: Library of Congress Cataloging.
Rumelt, R.P. (1974), Strategy, Structure, and Economic Performance. Boston: MA, Division of Research, Harvard Business.
Washington, D.C.,(2011). America's Climate Choices, Washington: The National Academies Press. p. 15.
Wieland, A. and Wallenburg, C.M. (2011). Supply-Chain-Management in stürmischen Zeiten. Berlin: Technische Uni Berlin .
Yin, R.K.(2009). Case Study Research: Design and Methods, California: SAGE Publications; Fourth Edition.

Journals:
Flyvbjerg, B. (2006). Five Misunderstandings About Case Study Research. Qualitative Inquiry, 12(2), 219-245.
Hill, C.W.L. and Jones, T.M. (1992). Stakeholder-Agency Theory, Journal of Management Studies, 29(3), 131-154.
Kamien and Schwartz(1975). Market structure and innovation: A survey. Journal of Economic Literature, 13, 1-37.
Kean, R.C., Niemeyer, S., Miler, N.J. (1996). Competitive strategies in the craft product retailing industry. Journal of Small Business Management, 34(1), 13-23.
Lajara, M.B., Lillo, F.G. (2004). SMEs and supplier alliances use: an empirical analysis, Supply Chain Management. An International Journal, 9(1), 71-85.
Liu, N. (2003). Environmental Diplomacy: the New Platform for International Power Interaction and comparison", International Forum, 5(6), 21-27.
Mowery, D.C, Oxley, J.E., Silverman, B.S. (1996) . Strategic Alliances and Interfirm Knowledge Transfer, Strategic Management Journal, 17, Special Issue: Knowledge and the Firm, 77-91.
Narasimhana, R., Nairb, A. (2005). The antecedent role of quality, information sharing and supply chain proximity on strategic alliance formation and performance. Int. J. Production Economics, 96,301-313.
Porter, M., Argyres, N., McGahan, A.M.( 2002). An Interview with Michael Porter. The Academy of Management Executive 16:2:44 at JSTOR.
Ramanujam, V. and Varadarajan, P. (1989). Research on corporate diversification: A synthesis. Strategic Management Journal, 10 (6), 523–551.
Shen, J.( 2004). Relate Research on the Performance and Influence of stakeholders on Strategy and Governance Mechanisms. Fu Jen Management Review, 11(1), 1025-4412.
Teece, D. (1982). Towards an economic theory of the multiproduct firm. Journal of Economic Behavior and organization, 3, 39-63.

Chinese Books and Journal:
Cai, Z. (n.d.) (2005). Electrical Industry Year Book 2005, Taiwan: Ministry of Economic Affairs publishing.
Chen, J. (n.d.) (2009). Analysis on sale of hydraulic product- case on heat pump. Taiwan Association of Hydraulic Engineer Science, 12, 152-158.
Su, J. (n.d.) (2010). 2010 Energy Industry Technology White Paper, Taiwan: Ministry of Economic Affairs publishing.
Yu, P. (n.d.) (2011). ITRI. The Development on R410 variable frequency heat pump. Refrigeration, Air-conditioning & Heat exchange Engineer, 103(5),23-28.
Yu, P. (n.d.) (2008). ITRI. The Development on household small CO2 heat pump. Refrigeration, Air-conditioning & Heat exchange Engineer, 87(5),09-17.

Website:
Cap Gemini website. Business Transformation,( 2011). Retrieved online from https://www.uk.capgemini.com/services-and-solutions/services/coo-agenda/solutions/business_transformation/. (April 23, 2012)
Clean Air Partnership. What is The Connection Between Air Pollution and Your Health?. Retrieved online from http://www.cleanairpartnership.org/air_pollution_and_your_health (April 8, 2012)
"Eco Cute" CO2 Heat Pump Water Heaters . Retrieved online from http://www.co2hp.com/iks/Eco_Cute_CO2.htm. (June 15, 2012)
eHow. Distric Heating & Cooling Systems. Retrieved online from http://www.ehow.com/facts_7693432_district-heating-cooling-systems.html. (June 15, 2012)
Enggcyclopedia. Types of Refrigerants, (2009). Retrieved online from http://www.enggcyclopedia.com/2012/01/types-refrigerants/l. (May 5, 2012)
Environmental Protection Administration, R.O.C. . Retrieved online from http://www.saveoursky.org.tw/epaper/indexe.php?lid=51. (March 5, 2012)
Gravity Wiki , Global Warming. Retrieved online from http://gravity.wikia.com/wiki/Global_warming. ( March 10, 2012)
Greenpeace(n.d.). HFCs: The Big Bad Greenhouse Gases You Probably Never Heard Of. Retrieved online from http://www.greenpeace.org/raw/content/china/en/reports (August 15, 2011).
Oxford City Council website. Business Transformation Strategy,(October 2008). Retrieved online from http://www.oxford.gov.uk/PageRender ( March 15, 2012)
Polar Bear Central. Polar Bears and Pollution (2008). Retrieved online from http://polarbearcentral.blogspot.com/2008/01 (March 5, 2012).
Taiwan Energy Service Association, ESCO Promotion Office. Retrieved online from http://esco.tgpf.org.tw/ . (June 25,2012).
Taiwan Heat Pumps Association. Heat Pump White Paper,(2009). Retrieved online from: https://sites.google.com/site/taiwanheatpumps/Resources. (June 22,2012)
Taiwan Heat Pumps Association. China Air to Air Heat Pump 2008's Events Review, (2009). Retrieved online from https://sites.google.com/site (June 22,2012)
Taiwan Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Engineering Association of Republic of China. Green Technology Events List, (2012). Retrieved online from http://www.hvac-net.org.tw/ ( June 24,2012)
Taiwan Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers. Retrieved online from http://www.acrt.org.tw/(May 08,2012)
The National Academies Press (2011). America’s Climate Choices. Retrieved online from http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=12781&page=1. (May 15, 2012)
The moment cannibal polar bear eats baby cub, (2009). Retrieved online fromhttp://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-1234066 (March 4, 2012)
WWF 2012 Living Planet Report finds. More than two planets needed by 2030 (2012) Retrieved online from http://www.wwf.org.za/?5960/lpr2012. (May 16, 2012)

Report and Conference Meeting Minute:
Chen, Yu. (2012). ITRI & IEK. The Seminar of 2012 Taiwan's Green Product: Intelligent Household Appliances. (Conference, June 7, 2012)
Gu, C. (2012). Chinese National Federation of Industries. 2012 CNFI white paper: Energy Policy Proposal. (Conference, May 15, 2012)
Huang, L. (2012). Bureau of Standards, Metrology and Inspection. The Seminar of Air Conditioning New Product and Refrigerant Product: Standard and technology of heat pump. (Conference, May 8, 2012)
Hsu, S. (2012). Chinese National Federation of Industries. The Seminar on Strategy of Energy and Development of Industry. (Conference, May 22, 2012)
Lao, J. (2011). ITRI. The Introduction of Worldwide Air Conditioning 's Development and Trend. (Conference, December 07, 2011)
Quail, R. and Wensley, D.N. (2012). Kaohsiung City Council . Seminar of Canada Green Society Experience Exchange. (Conference ,March 27, 2012)