本論文提出一個新型3-level調變技術的D類音頻放大器，最主要的目的為改善PWM技術及Sigma-Delta技術在輸入訊號小時所造成的快速切換，因而導致能量損失以及切換雜訊變大等問題；其電路結構包含由邏輯電路和H-bridge所組成的3-level Quantizer電路以及回授補償電路。論文中比較的對象主要是以2-level Sigma-Delta調變之D類音頻放大器，結果可得知新型3-level調變技術可得到較好的效率及性能。

This thesis presents a novel three-level modulation technique for a Class-D audio amplifier, attempting to improve the poor performance of the conventional two-level modulation scheme at low input levels. The main drawback of the conventional two-level PWM (pulse-width modulation) and SDM (sigma-delta modulation) Class-D amplifier is that, with a zero input or small input, the excessively fast switching action at the output causes unwanted switching loss and switching noise, resulting in unnecessary energy waste and SNDR degradation. The presented three-level modulation circuit mainly consists of a linear feedback compensator, two comparators, and a switching logic circuit. The simulation and experimental results shows that the proposed three-level modulation s cheme outperforms the two-level sigma-delta modulation scheme in both efficiency and performance.

目錄
第一章 緒論 1
1-1 研究動機與目的 1
1-2 技術分析與展望 2
第二章2-Level Sigma-Delta調變技術簡介 5
2-1 Sigma-Delta調變介紹 5
2-1.1 Sigma-Delta調變概論 5
2-1.2 Sigma-Delta調變應用於D類音頻放大器設計 6
2-2 Sigma-Delta調變之穩定度分析 9
2-2.1順滑模態控制 9
2-2.2穩定度分析 10
2-3 性能估測 15
2-3.1 e振幅估測 15
2-3.2輸入訊號振幅限制估測 16
2-3.3 SNDR估測 17
2-4討論 19
第三章 新的調變技術分析及設計 20
3-1新的調變技術介紹 20
3-1.1新的調變技術概論 20
3-1.2新的調變技術應用於D類音頻放大器設計 24
3-3性能估測與比較 28
3-3.1 e振幅估測 28
3-3.2輸入訊號振幅限制估測 28
3-3.3 SNDR估測 31
第四章 範例設計及模擬 33
4-1範例設計 33
4-2範例模擬與分析 38
4-3綜合比較 47
4-4結果分析 48
第五章 硬體電路設計與實驗結果 49
5-1硬體電路簡介 49
5-2實測結果與分析 53
第六章 結論與未來研究方向 59
參考文獻 60
附錄A 積體電路設計 61
A-1數位電路 61
A-1.1振盪器電路 61
A-1.2比較器電路 69
A-1.3取樣開關 72
A-1.4邏輯電路 75
A-2類比電路 79
A-2.1切換式電容濾波器設計 79
A-2.2整體Novel Three-Level Modulation電路 82

[1]R.W. Adams and R. Schreier, “Stability Theory for Sigma-Delta modulators” in Delta- Sigma Data Converter : Theory, Design and Simulation, S.R. Norsworthy, R. Schreier and G.C. Temes, eds. IEEE Press,1997.
[2]陳永平,張浚林,可變結構控制設計 ,全華 91年9月.
[3]S.H. Yu, “A novel noise-shaping feedback coder,” International Conference on Signals and Electronic Systems, pp. 541-544, Poznan, Poland, 2004
[4]B. P. Lathi, Signal Processing & Linear System, Oxford University Press,Inc 1998.
[5]Behzad Razavi, Design of Analog CMOS Integrated Circuit, Mc Graw Hill International Edition , 2001.
[6]Kendall Su, Analog Filters, Kluwer Academic Publishers Second Edition, 2001.
[7]R. J. Baker, H. W. Li and D. E. Boyce, CMOS Circuit Design, Layout, and Simulation. New York, NY: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc 1998.
[8]Allen and Holberg, CMOS Analog Circuit Design,電子書.
[9]Ronan van der Zee, “High Efficiency Audio Power Amplifiers Design and Practical Use”.
[10]Mike Score,“Class-D Promotes Efficiency in Audio Amplifiers, Texas Instruments.
URL:http://www.planetanalog.com/showArticle?articleID=12802437
[11]P.V. Ananda Mohan V. Ramachandran M.N.S. Swamy, Switched Capacitor Filters Theory, Analysis and Design, Prentice Hall International Ltd, 1995.
[12]Alan V. Oppenheim, Ronald W. Schafer and John R. Buck, Discrete-Time Signal Processing, Prentice Hall International Ltd Second Edition, 1999.
[13]Fernando Medeiro, Top-Down Design of High-Performance Sigma-Delta Modulators, Kluwer Academic Publishers.
[14]Vahid.M. Tousi,F. Sahandi,M. Atarodi and M.Shojaei , “A 3.3V/1W Class D Audio Power Amplifier with 103dB DR and 90% Efficiency,” Proc. 23rdInternational Conference on Microelectronics , vol.2 pp581-584, May 2002.
[15]Jun-Woo Lee , “A 2W BTL Single-Chip Class D Power Amplifier with Very High Efficiency for Audio Applications,” ISCAS2000-IEEE International Symposium on Circuit and Systems, vol.2 pp493-496, May 2000.
[16] Don Morgan , “PWM技術設計D類放大器,”電子工程專輯技術文庫.
URL:http://www.eettaiwan.com/ART_8800251892_622964_eced0aee.HTM
[17]Hassan K. Khalil ,Nonlinear Systems. Prentice Hall Third Edition.