論文使用權限 Thesis access permission:校內校外完全公開 unrestricted
開放時間 Available:
校內 Campus: 已公開 available
校外 Off-campus: 已公開 available
論文名稱 Title |
乳化液在彈液動潤滑接觸區之潤滑特性研究 Study on Lubricating Properties of Emulsions in EHL Contacts |
||
系所名稱 Department |
|||
畢業學年期 Year, semester |
語文別 Language |
||
學位類別 Degree |
頁數 Number of pages |
125 |
|
研究生 Author |
|||
指導教授 Advisor |
|||
召集委員 Convenor |
|||
口試委員 Advisory Committee |
|||
口試日期 Date of Exam |
2008-07-26 |
繳交日期 Date of Submission |
2008-09-07 |
關鍵字 Keywords |
乳化液、彈液動潤滑 emulsion, elastohydrodynamic lubrication |
||
統計 Statistics |
本論文已被瀏覽 5645 次,被下載 1232 次 The thesis/dissertation has been browsed 5645 times, has been downloaded 1232 times. |
中文摘要 |
本研究提出適用於彈液動潤滑之兩相可壓縮流體潤滑模型,以牛頓-瑞福遜法配合複式網格法同時求解油水兩相之等效雷諾方程式,並探討速度、負荷、材料參數、入口油相比、油滴半徑、表面張力群、混合物之彈性能、以及乳化液之等效黏度模型對於乳化液潤滑特性之影響。 本研究在低轉速、低濃度及高負載之應用範圍比以往的研究廣泛。結果顯示,在油滴半徑與速度效應方面,與Kimura等人及Zhu等人之實驗結果有良好的一致性,亦即油滴尺寸小於膜厚時,潤滑油膜厚度隨油滴尺寸之增加而增加;而低濃度乳化液於低轉速時,油相比在接近赫茲接觸區快速增加,亦即形成油池;隨著轉速增加,油池的範圍明顯地縮減,且在接觸區的油相比急遽下降,因而產生油膜厚度下降的情形;轉速愈高時,油水兩相皆進入接觸區而形成兩相流,此時在接觸區之油相比愈接近於入口之油相比。 |
Abstract |
In this study, a model has been developed for the elastohydrodynamic lubrication with binary mixtures of compressible fluids, which can be used to represent emulsions with suspended deformable particles. The coupled modified Reynolds, elasticity, and rheology equations are solved simultaneously by combining the advanced multilevel method and the Newton-Raphson method. The effects of speed, load, dimensionlesss materials parameter, inlet oil volume fraction, droplet radius, surface tension group, elasticity of mixture, and equivalent viscosity models of emulsions on the lubrication characteristics of the emulsions are investigated. The speed, load, and oil volume fraction combinations studied in this study represent a broad range of operating conditions previously not investigated. The results of this study are in good agreement with the tests conducted by Kimura et al. and Zhu et al. indicating the effects of droplet radius of oil phase and the speed on the film thickness. The film thickness increases with increasing droplet size for the droplet size smaller than the film thickness. At the low oil volume fraction and low speed, the oil volume fraction increases rapidly with coordinate x to form the oil pool in the region close to the Hertzian contact area. With the increase of speed, the extent of the oil pool decreases significantly so that the oil volume fraction at the contact area decreases rapidly. Consequently, the film thickness also decreases due to the decrease in the effective viscosity of the mixture. When the speed is getting higher, the oil and water phases enter the contact conjunction so that the oil volume fraction is closer to the inlet one. |
目次 Table of Contents |
總 目 錄 頁次 封面 i 學位論文審定書 ii 謝誌 iii 總目錄 iv 圖目錄 vii 表目錄 x 符號說明 xi 中文摘要 xiv 英文摘要 xv 第一章 緒論 1 1.1 乳化液概述 1 1.2 文獻回顧 2 1.2.1 乳化液之彈液動油膜實驗觀察 2 1.2.2 乳化液之潤滑理論分析 5 1.3 研究目的與方法 6 1.4 論文架構 6 第二章 理論分析 9 2.1 混合物之連體理論 9 2.1.1 運動學與基本方程式 10 2.1.2 平衡定律 13 2.1.2.1 質量平衡 13 2.1.2.2 線動量平衡 15 2.1.2.3 角動量平衡 17 2.1.2.4 能量平衡 18 2.1.2.5 熵生成不等式 21 2.1.3 構成分子理論 22 2.1.4 混合物的物理性質 25 2.2 線接觸彈液動潤滑理論 26 2.2.1 幾何形狀 27 2.2.2 雷諾方程式 28 2.2.3 潤滑膜厚方程式 31 2.2.4 負荷平衡方程式 33 2.2.5 潤滑流體性質 33 第三章 數值分析 37 3.1 複式網格法 37 3.1.1 修正法則 39 3.1.2 全近似法則 40 3.1.3 網格間運算子 42 3.1.4 全複式網格法則 44 3.2 統御方程式 45 3.2.1 無因次群 45 3.2.2 雷諾方程式 46 3.2.3 膜厚方程式 47 3.2.4 潤滑流體性質 48 3.2.5 負荷平衡方程式 48 3.3 修正牛頓-瑞福遜法 49 第四章 結果與討論 57 4.1 與實驗之比較 58 4.2 流體壓縮性之影響 60 4.3 乳化液入口油相比之影響 60 4.4 表面張力項 與彈性能 之影響 61 4.5 油水兩相黏度比例之影響 62 4.6 材料參數 之影響 62 4.7 負荷之影響 63 4.8 乳化液等效黏度模型 63 第五章 結論 104 5.1 結論 104 參考文獻 106 |
參考文獻 References |
1. Hamaguchi, H., Spikes, H. A. and Comeron, A., “Elastohydrodynamic Properties of Water in Oil Emulsions,” Wear, Vol. 43, 1977, p.17 2. Wan, G. T. Y., Kenny, P. and Spikes H. A., “Elastohydrodynamic Properties of Water Based Fire-Resistant Hydraulic Fluids,” Tribol. Int’l., Vol.17, 1984, p.309. 3. Spikes, H.A. and Macpherson, P.B., “Proving Candidate No.1 Oil and Other Lubricant Work,” MOD Final Report to Contract, 1979, K/A12/1237. 4. Kimura, Y. and Okada, K., “Lubricating Properties of Oil in Water Emulsions,” Tribol. Trans., Vol.32, 1989, p.524. 5. Kimura, Y. and Okada, K., “Film Thickness at Elastohydrodynamic Conjunctions Lubricated with Oil-in-Water Emulsions”, in Proc. IMechE, “Tribol.-Friction Lubrication and Wear Fifty Years On,” C176/87, IMechE, London, 1987, p.85. 6. Kimura, Y. and Okada, K., “A study on occurrence of heatstreaks in cold rolling (2nd report),” J. JTE Int’l Ed., Vol.7,1986, p.147. 7. Nakahara, T. M., Makino, T. and Kyogoku, K., “Observations of Liquid Droplet Behavior and Oil Film Formation in O/W Type Emulsion Lubrication,” ASME, J. Tribol., Vol.110, 1988, p.348. 8. Barker, D. C., Johnston, G. J., Spikes, H. A. and Bunemann, T., “EHD film Formation and Starvation of Oil in Water Emulsions,” Tribol. Trans., Vol.36, 1994, p.565. 9. Zhu, D., Biresaw, G., Clark, S. J., and Kasun, T. J., “Elastohydrodynamic lubrication with O/W emulsions,” Trans. ASME, J. Tribol., Vol.116, 1994, p.310. 10. Schmid, S. R. and Wilson, W. R. D., “Lubrication mechanisms for oil-in-water emulsions”, STLE, Vol.52,1995, p.168. 11. Sakaguchi, Y., Wilson, W. R. D. and Schmid, S. R., “A dynamic concentration model for lubrication with oil-in-water emulsions,” Wear, Vol.161, 1993, p.207. 12. Al-Sharif, A., Chamniprasart, K., Rajagopal, K. R., and Szeri, A. Z., “Lubrication with Binary Mixtures: Liquid-Liquid Emulsion,” ASME, J. Tribol., Vol. 115, 1993, p.46. 13. Wang, S. H., Al-Sharif, A., Rajagopal, K. R., and Szeri, A. Z., “Lubrication with Binary Mixtures: Liquid-Liquid Emulsion in an EHL Conjunction,” ASME, J. Tribol., Vol.115, 1993, p.515. 14. Dai, F., and Khonsari, M. M., “A Theory of Hydrodynamic Lubrication Involving the Mixture of Two Fluids,” ASME, J. Appl. Mech., Vol.61, 1994, p.634. 15. Yan, S., and Kuroda, S., “Lubrication with Emulsion: First Report, the Extended Reynolds Equation,” Wear, Vol.206, 1997, p.230. 16. Yan, S., and Kuroda, S., “Lubrication with Emulsion II. The Viscosity Coefficients of Emulsions,” Wear, Vol.206, 1997, p.238-243. 17. Benner, J., Sadeghi, Hoeprich R., Frank, C., “Lubricating Properties of Water in Oil Emulsions,” J. Tribol., Vol.128, 2006, p.296. 18. Szeri, A.Z., Wang, S.H., “An elasto-plasto-hydrodynamic model of strip rolling with oil/water emulsion lubricant,” Tribol., Vol.37, 2004, p.169. 19. Atkin, R. J., and Craine, R. E., “Continuum Theories of Mixtures: Basic Theory and Historical Development,” Q. J. Mech. Appl. Math., Vol.29, p.209. 20. Al-Sharif, A., “Hydrodynamic Lubrication with Emulsions,” Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, 1992. 21. Lipatov, Y. S., “Colloid Chemistry of Polymers,” Elsevier, New york, 1988. 22. Hughes, R. R., and Gilliland, E. R., “The Mechanics of Drops,” Chem. Eng. Progr., Vol.48 , 1952, p.497. 23. Oldroyd, J. C., “The Elastic and Viscous Properties of Emulsions and Suspensions,” Proc. Roy. Soc., Series A218, 1953, p.122. 24. Oldroyd, J. C., “The Effect of Interfacial Stabilizing Films on the Elastic and Viscous Properties of Emulsions,” Proc. Roy. Soc., Series A232, 1955, p.567. 25. Williams, W. O., and Sampaio, R., “On the Viscosities of Liquid Mixtures,” J. Appl. Math. Phy., Vol. 28, 1977, p.607. 26. Roelands, C. J. A., Vlugter, J. C. and Watermann, H. I., “The Viscosity-Temperature-Pressure Relationship of Lubricating Oils and Its Correlation with Chemical Constitution,” ASME, Journal of Basic Engineering, 1963, p.601. 27. Dowson. D., and Higginson, G. R., Elastohydro-dynamic Lubrication: The Fundamentals of Roller and Gear Lubrication, Pergamon, Oxford, 1966. 28. Kohlrausch, F., Praktische Physik, Band 3: Tafeln, Teubner , 1968. 29. Lubrecht, A. A., “The Numercial Solution of Elasto-hydrodynamically Lubricated Line and Point Contact Problem, Using Multigrid Techniques, Ph.D. thesis, Wente University, the etherlands, 1987. 30. Lee, R. T., and Hsu, C. H., “A Fast Method for the Analysis of Thermal- Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication of Rolling/Sliding Line Contact,” Wear, Vol.166, 1993, p.107. 31. Lee, R. T., and Hsu, C. H., “Advanced Multilevel Solution for Thermal Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication of simple Sliding Line Contact,” Wear, Vol.171, 1994, p.227. 32. Hsu, C. H., and Lee, R. T., “An Efficient Algorithm for Thermal- Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication Under Rolling/Sliding Line Contact,” Journal of Tribology, Vol.116, 1994, p.762. 33. Dowson. D., and Higginson, G. R., Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication, 2nd ed, Pergamon, 1977. 34. A. Cambiella, J. M. Benitoa, C. Pazos, J. Coca, M. Ratoi and H. A. Spikes, “The effect of emulsifier concentration on the lubricating properties of oil-in-water emulsions,” Tribology Letters, Vol.22, 2006, p.53 35. Mason, T. G., “Elasticity of Compressed Emulsions,” Phys. Rev. Lett., Vol. 75,1995, p. 2051. 36. Pan, P., and Hamrock, B. J., “Simple Formulae for Performance Parameters Used in Elastohydrodynamically Lubricated Line Contacts,” ASME, J. Tribol., Vol. 111, 1989, p. 246. 37. Jiang, X., Wang, W., and Gong, J., “Apparent viscosity of water-in-heavy crude oil emulsion,” J. Chem. Ind. Eng.(China), Vol.59, 2008, p.721. 38. Dalmaz, G., and Godet, M., “Film Thickness and Effective Viscosity of Some Fire Resistant Fluids in Sliding Point Contact,” ASME Journal of Lubrication technology, Vol. 100 (1978), p.304. 39. Barnea, E., and Mizrahi, J., “On the effective viscosity of liquid-liquid dispersions,” Ind. Eng. Chem. Fundam., Vol.15, 1976, p.120. |
電子全文 Fulltext |
本電子全文僅授權使用者為學術研究之目的,進行個人非營利性質之檢索、閱讀、列印。請遵守中華民國著作權法之相關規定,切勿任意重製、散佈、改作、轉貼、播送,以免觸法。 論文使用權限 Thesis access permission:校內校外完全公開 unrestricted 開放時間 Available: 校內 Campus: 已公開 available 校外 Off-campus: 已公開 available |
紙本論文 Printed copies |
紙本論文的公開資訊在102學年度以後相對較為完整。如果需要查詢101學年度以前的紙本論文公開資訊,請聯繫圖資處紙本論文服務櫃台。如有不便之處敬請見諒。 開放時間 available 已公開 available |
QR Code |