持久性有機污染物（persistent organic pollutants, POPs）廣泛分布於自然環境中，其中就包括了多環芳香烴(polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, PAHs)和多氯聯苯(polychlorinated biphenyls, PCBs)，而持久性有機污染物部分已被研究出對人體可能具有致癌性和致突變性。本研究主要分析二仁溪流域沉積物中多環芳香烴和多氯聯苯含量在不同區段分布的情形，並探討多環芳香烴和多氯聯苯與有機碳和粒徑之相關性，以及其來源探究。
研究結果顯示二仁溪流域沉積物中總多環芳香烴濃度分布介於12.1-1460（ng/g dry wt）之間，而總多氯聯苯濃度分布為0.45-591（ng/g dry wt）。多環芳香烴含量以測站SY1濃度最高，而多氯聯苯含量則以測站S9濃度最高。本研究之總多環芳香烴及總多氯聯苯濃度，與國內外文獻相比，多環芳香烴含量屬於低污染的範圍，而多氯聯苯含量屬於中低污染的範圍，而多氯聯苯含量與二仁溪過去的研究相較，污染程度已減輕。二仁溪流域沉積物中總多環芳香烴濃度與總有機碳有顯著相關，而和粒徑則無相關，總多氯聯苯濃度與總有機碳或粒徑均無顯著相關。在來源部份，二仁溪流域沉積物多環芳香烴主要為石油性燃燒來源。Perylene在二仁溪流域沉積物中屬於優勢化合物，依perylene特性可以作為判斷各個測站是屬於天然沉積物亦或是受污染沉積物。依群集分析（HCA）與主成分分析（PCA）結果顯示，多環芳香烴的分群會依據perylene所佔含量，而多氯聯苯則是以同族物組成不同來做分群。
以沉積物品質參考準則（Sediment Quality Guidelines, SQGs），多環芳香烴濃度對水域生態影響不大，而多氯聯苯濃度在15個測站中，可能有時會傷害與影響水體生物。而若以多環芳香烴總毒性當量和多氯聯苯總毒性當量顯示分別低於美國環保署和世界衛生組織所訂之標準值，顯示對水域底棲生物不至於有重大的危害。

Persistent organic pollutants (POPs), which include polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), are widely distributed in the environment. Some investigations have demonstrated that these pollutants will cause potential impacts such as carcinogenic and mutagenic for human health. In this study, we analyzed the concentrations and distributions of PAHs and PCBs in sediments of the Er-ren River, as well as the relations with total organic carbon (TOC) and particle sizes. Several molecular ratios were utilized to distinguish the major sources in this study.
Results showed that PAH and PCB concentrations in Er-ren River ranged from 12.1 to 1460 and 0.45-591 (ng/g dw), respectively. The maximum concentrations of PAHs and PCBs were mostly found in sediments from Sanyegong River. In comparison with other studies all over the world, the concentrations of PAHs in this study were between low and mid-low levels. PCB concentrations in sediments of the Er-ren River were lower than those reported from previous studies. PAH and PCB concentrations showed no significant correlation between TOC and particle size. Petrogenic and petroleum combustion origin were the main sources of PAHs in sediments of Er-ren River In addition, perylene was the most dominant compound in Er-ren River, suggesting that it could be a useful indicator to differentiate various PAH sources in sediments. The results of hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and principal components analysis (PCA) indicated that PAH groups were clustered based on the loading of perylene, while PCB groups were clustered by the compositional homologues of PCBs.
Comparing with sediments quality guidelines (SQGs), the PAH concentrations in all the sampling sites were below ERL value, suggesting that few adverse ecological effects would arise from the PAHs. However, the PCB concentrations in 14 sampling
sites ranged between TEL and PEL values, indicating that adverse effects could arise for benthic organisms. The ΣESBTUFCV of PAHs and the toxic equivalents (TEQ) of PCBs were both lower than quality values reported, suggesting that adverse ecological effects might be not expected.

目錄
摘要
Abstract
目錄 I
圖目錄 IV
表目錄 VI
附錄目錄 VII
第一章 前言 1
1-1 研究動機 1
1-2 研究目的 2
第二章 文獻回顧 3
2-1 持久性有機污染物 3
2-2 環境荷爾蒙 9
2-3 多環芳香烴之基本性質 10
2-4 多環芳香烴之產生及來源 13
2-5 多環芳香烴之化學指紋鑑識 14
2-6 多氯聯苯之基本性質 15
2-7 多氯聯苯之使用及來源 17
2-8 二仁溪 19
第三章 20
3-1 材料與儀器 20
3-1-1 材料 20
3-1-2 儀器 21
3-2 試藥及器材前處理 22
3-3 採樣與保存 22
3-4 分析方法 26
3-4-1 樣品前處理 26
3-4-2 粒徑分析 26
3-4-3 總有機碳（TOC）分析 26
3-4-4 多環芳香烴分析 27
3-4-5 多氯聯苯分析 28
3-5 品管及品保要求（QA/QC） 29
3-5-1 方法回收率 29
3-5-2 標準品查核分析 34
3-5-3 方法偵測極限 37
3-6 群集分析(Hierarchical Cluster Analysis, HCA) 37
3-7 主成分分析（Principal Components Analysis, PCA） 37
3-8 多環芳香烴總毒性當量 38
3-9 多氯聯苯毒性當量（Toxic Equivalent Quantities, TEQ） 44
第四章 結果與討論 46
4-1 含量分布 46
4-1-1 多環芳香烴之含量分布 46
4-1-2 多氯聯苯之含量分布 49
4-1-3 表層沉積物與深層沉積物含量之比較 51
4-2 與文獻結果比較 53
4-2-1 總多環芳香烴與文獻結果比較 53
4-2-2 總多氯聯苯與文獻結果比較 57
4-3 相關性分析 60
4-3-1 總多環芳香烴濃度、總有機碳及粒徑之相關性分析 60
4-3-2 總多氯聯苯濃度、總有機碳及粒徑之相關性分析 62
4-4 來源探討 64
4-4-1 多環芳香烴之來源探討 64
4-4-2 Perylene之來源探討 71
4-4-3 多氯聯苯之來源探討 73
4-5 統計分析 77
4-5-1 多環芳香烴之群集分析(HCA) 77
4-5-2 多環芳香烴之主成分分析（PCA） 81
4-5-3 多氯聯苯之群集分析(HCA) 85
4-5-4 多氯聯苯之主成分分析（PCA） 88
4-6 沉積物品質指標（Sediment Quality Guidelines, SQG） 91
4-7 多環芳香烴總毒性當量 97
4-8 多氯聯苯總毒性當量 98
第五章 結論與建議 107
5-1 結論 107
5-2 建議 109
參考文獻 110
附錄 120

圖目錄
圖2-1 美國環保署公佈之16種多環芳香烴結構圖(Witt, 1995) 11
圖2-2 多氯聯苯結構圖(維基百科(wikipedia), 2006) 16
圖3-1 二仁溪流域採樣圖 24
圖3-2 二仁溪下游採樣圖1 25
圖3-3 二仁溪下游採樣圖2 25
圖3-4（A） ΣESBTUFCV,TOT和ΣESBTUFCV,13的log- log迴歸分析 43
圖4-1 各測站表層沉積物之總多環芳香烴含量 47
圖4-2 各區域表層沉積物之多環芳香烴平均含量 48
圖4-3 各測站表層沉積物之總多氯聯苯含量 50
圖4-4 各區域表層沉積物之多氯聯苯平均含量 50
圖4-5 表層沉積物和深層沉積物之多環芳香烴含量 52
圖4-6 表層沉積物和深層沉積物之多氯聯苯含量 52
圖4-7 總多環芳香烴與總有機碳之關係圖 61
圖4-8 總多氯聯苯與總有機碳之關係圖 63
圖4-9 二仁溪表層沉積物isomer ratio 66
圖4-10 二仁溪流域深層沉積物isomer ratio 67
圖4-11 二仁溪流域沉積物多環芳香烴含量之LMW/HMW 68
圖4-12 二仁溪主流之Perylene/ΣPAHs百分比 72
圖4-13 二仁溪流域多氯聯苯同族物組成百分比 75
圖4-14 二仁溪流域深層沉積物多氯聯苯同族物組成百分比 76
圖4-15 二仁溪流域各測站多環芳香烴HCA分析結果 78
圖4-16 多環芳香烴群集分析之化合物相對濃度分布 79
圖4-17 多環芳香烴主成分負荷圖 83
圖4-18 多環芳香烴主成分分析因素分數圖PC2-PC1 84
圖4-19 多環芳香烴主成分分析因素分數圖PC2-PC4 84
圖4- 20 二仁溪流域各測站多氯聯苯HCA分析結果 86
圖4- 21 多氯聯苯群集分析之同族物相對濃度分布 87
圖4- 22 多氯聯苯主成分負荷圖 89
圖4- 23 多氯聯苯主成分分析因素分數圖PC1-PC2 90
圖4- 24 16種多環芳香烴化合物濃度與ERL值 94
圖4- 25 7種多氯聯苯同源物與ERL值及ERM值 95
圖4- 26 總多氯聯苯濃度與TEL及PEL值 96

表目錄
表2-1 斯德哥爾摩公約12種持久性有機污染物之我國列管情況 5
表2-2 12種持久性有機污染物毒性及致癌分類 5
表2-3 聯合國環境規劃署建議增列之16類持久性有毒物質及我國管理現況 7
表2-4 美國環境保護署所列之16種優先處理的多環芳香烴物化特性 12
表2-5 多氯聯苯之主要用途 18
表3-1 各測站之多環芳香烴擬似標準品回收率 30
表3-2 各測站之多氯聯苯擬似標準品回收率 32
表3-3 標準沉積物SRM 1941b之多環芳香烴分析結果 35
表3-4 標準沉積物SRM 1941b之多氯聯苯分析結果 36
表3-5 影響基準濃度計算資料(Hansen et al., 2003) 41
表3-6 多氯聯苯之毒性當量因子 45
表4-1 沉積物總多環芳香烴濃度與文獻上測值之比較 55
表4-2 沉積物總多氯聯苯濃度與文獻上測值之比較 58
表4-3 多環芳香烴相關係數矩陣表 61
表4-4 多氯聯苯相關係數矩陣表 63
表4-5 二仁溪流域各測站之isomer ratio 69
表4-6 Co-Eluting 多氯聯苯同源物在不同同族物之間分配比例 74
表4-7 Cluster 1 之perylene與燃燒來源化合物之相關性分析 80
表4-8 Cluster 2 之perylene與燃燒來源化合物之相關性分析 80
表4-9 多環芳香烴主成分變異數分析表 82
表4- 10 多氯聯苯主成分變異數分析表 88
表4- 11 沉積物品質指標與二仁溪流域測站PAHs和Total PCBs之值 93
表4- 12 二仁溪流域多環芳香烴校正後之總毒性當量 97
表4-13 二仁溪流域沉積物之總多氯聯苯毒性當量（pg-TEQ/g） 100
附錄目錄
附表 1 PAHs偵測極限（ng） 120
附表 2 PCBs偵測極限（ng） 123
附表 3 二仁溪流域各測站PAHs compound濃度（ng/g） 127
附表 4 二仁溪流域各測站PCBs congeners濃度（ng/g） 145

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