雲端運算是一個新興的概念。它融合許多過去既有的技術，如虛擬化，帶出新
的服務模式、新的議題、新的技術。虛擬化技術在雲端運算的成立上佔有十分重要
的一席之地,有虛擬化技術的支援才使雲端運算得以將底層的硬體資源統合以提
供使用者運用。這篇論文的內容一開始講述雲端運算的分類，像是以服務類型作
依據可以將雲端運算自底層開始分為 IaaS、PaaS 與 SaaS。接著對各種服務提供者的比較,如 PaaS 中會列舉 Amazon 的 Beanstalk、Google 的 Google App Engine 等，而在IaaS 中是 Amazon 的 CloudFormation、Microsoft 的 mCloud 等。再來是虛擬化平台的介紹並對 KVM、Xen 等虛擬化平台進行比較。接著敘述底層硬體資源實踐虛擬化的技術及兩家中央處理器廠商在硬體支援虛擬化上的努力，並且闡述儲存虛擬化及網路虛擬化。

Cloud computing is a new concept that incorporates many existing technologies, such as virtualization. Virtualization is important for the establishment of cloud computing. With virtualization, cloud computing can virtualize the hardware resources into a huge resource pool for users to utilize. This thesis begins with an introduction to how a widely used service model classifies cloud computing into three layers. From the bottom up, they are IaaS, PaaS, and SaaS. Some service provides are taken as examples for each service model, such as Amazon
Beanstalk and Google App Engine for PaaS; Amazon CloudFormation and Microsoft mCloud for IaaS. Next, we turn our discussion to the hypervisors and the technologies for virtualizing hardware resources, such as CPUs, memory, and devices. Then, storage and network virtualization techniques are discussed. Finally, the conclusions and the future directions of virtualization are drawn.

論文審定書 i
誌謝 iii
摘要 iv
Abstract v
List of Figures ix
List of Tables xi
Chapter 1 研 究背 景 1
1.1 研究動機 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.2 研究貢獻 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1.3 論文架構 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Chapter 2 雲 端 運算 的 定 義 5
Chapter 3 現 有 雲端 運 算 的類 型 8
3.1 服務提供類型分類. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8
3.1.1 架構即服務 (IaaS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
3.1.2 平台即服務 (PaaS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
3.1.3 軟體即服務 (SaaS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
3.2 建置類型分類 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
3.2.1 私有雲端 (Private Cloud) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
3.2.2 社群雲端 (Community Cloud) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
3.2.3 公共雲端 (Public Cloud) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
3.2.4 混合雲端 (Hybrid Cloud) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Chapter 4 平 台即服 務 (PaaS) 產品 介 紹 及 比較 14
4.1 Amazon Beanstalk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
4.2 Google App Engine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
4.3 Microsoft Azure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
4.4 VMware Cloud Foundry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Chapter 5 基 礎 建設 即 服 務 (IaaS) 產品 介 紹 及比 較 19
5.1 Amazon CloudFormation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
5.2 Microsoft mCloud . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
5.3 OpenStack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Chapter 6 虛 擬 化平 台 (Hypervisor) 產品 介 紹 及比 較 23
6.1 虛擬化平台的類型 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
6.1.1 第一類型的虛擬化平台 (Type I Hypervisor) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
6.1.2 第二類型的虛擬化平台 (Type II Hypervisor) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
6.2 Xen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
6.3 KVM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
6.4 VMware ESX/ESXi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Chapter 7 Intel 與 AMD 的 硬 體輔 助 比 較 33
7.1 中央處理器虛擬化 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
7.2 記憶體虛擬化 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
7.3 設備 I/O 虛擬化 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Chapter 8 儲 存 虛 擬化及 網 路虛 擬 化 45
8.1 儲存虛擬化 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
8.2 網路虛擬化 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
8.2.1 Flat Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
8.2.2 OpenFlow 及 Open vSwitch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Chapter 9 結 語 55
9.1 總結 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
9.2 未來展望 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
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