提要
女聲合唱團在歷史中的發展，一直到十九世紀初才從修道院和學校中走出，成為與混聲合唱、男聲合唱團一樣，擁有公開表演機會的合唱團。作曲家因而開始為女聲合唱團創作合唱曲目，而舒伯特是最早為十九世紀初的女聲合唱團創作的作曲家之一，他為女聲合唱團創作了九首女聲合唱曲。九首女聲合唱曲中，包含學習期（1808-1813）的兩首作品為學生時代的作業，風格醞釀期（1814-1819）的三首樂曲織度簡單的作品。但即使在這些作品中，已經顯露出他對語文節奏的敏感和以音樂描寫歌詞的能力。在風格成熟期（1821-1828）所創作的三首女聲四部合唱曲《詩篇二十三》、《自然之神》和《小夜曲》，是舒伯特的女聲合唱作品的代表作。在這三首樂曲中，樂曲長度較前兩期增長四倍以上、使用各種調性以呈現不同的和聲色彩、使用對位模仿手法以豐富織度，展現出早期浪漫樂派的舒伯特希望運用更多的技巧，以便能更傳神地表達出歌詞中的意境。
本論文共分為五章，第一章為前言。第二章第一節按照音樂歷史的年代，介紹女聲合唱團的發展，如何在由男性為主流的合唱中，成為和混聲、男聲、童聲一樣重要的合唱編制。第二節探討十九世紀初的合唱歌曲，在歷史背景影響之下的風格。第三節則是介紹舒伯特的九首女聲合唱歌曲的創作背景。第三章則一一探討三首女聲四部合唱創作的背景和樂曲分析。第四章第一節提供三首女聲合唱歌曲的教學實施方案。第二節則為演出時的建議及指揮手勢的建議。第五章則為本論文研究後的結論。附錄三首女聲合唱曲的歌詞翻譯及德文發音音標，和目前出版舒伯特女聲合唱曲的出版社。

The women’s chorus has been a minor category in the bulk of western music history. It was not until the nineteenth century that a female chorus had the opportunity to perform as the same way that a male or mixed chorus had. Only then, did composers start to compose part-songs for female chorus, and Schubert is one of the pioneers. He composed nine pieces for female chorus. Two of them were done as assignments while a student when he was young (1812). Three short pieces were finished in 1815-16. Even in these early pieces his sensitivity to German text and gift for setting the text to music are clearly shown. In 1820-27, Schubert finished four female choral works. Three of them were four-part-- “Psalm 23”, “Gott in der Natur”, “Stänchen”. These three pieces are the best in all Schubert’s female choral works. The tonality is more fully developed, and the length is almost four times longer than before. More imitation is used, composed with homophonic texture than is used in the first five pieces. Schubert had demonstrated a strong desire to express the text freely with all types of musical techniques from the early Romantic Period.
This master’s thesis consists of five chapters. The first chapter is an introduction. The second chapter offers some historical background and can be divided into three sections. First is a concise report about female chorus’s development in western music history. The second part discusses the definition of 19th century style and how the contemporary background influenced the part-songs. The third section gives a general review of Schubert’s female choral works. Chapter Three is a detailed analysis of the final three four-part female works. Derived from Chapter Three (i. e. based on the analysis), Chapter four proposes a teaching procedure when a director or a school teacher wants to perform any of these three numbers. Some performance considerations and conducting suggestions are also included. The final Chapter is conclusion for the entire research. Two appendixes are included: one is the translations and IPA phonetics for the German texts; the other is a list of the publishers for Schubert female chorus works.

目錄
第一章 前言 1
第二章 舒伯特在女聲合唱發展的重要地位 6
第一節 女聲合唱在音樂歷史中的發展 6
第二節 十九世紀初的合唱歌曲 14
第三節 舒伯特女聲合唱作品 18
第三章 三首女聲合唱作品分析 31
第一節《詩篇二十三》 31
第二節《自然之神》 40
第三節《小夜曲 52
第四章 教學實施方案及演出建議 65
第一節 教學實施方案 65
排練技巧 65
德文歌詞教學 67
《詩篇二十三》教學實施方案 72
《自然之神》教學實施方案 83
《小夜曲》教學實施方案 95

第二節 演出建議及指揮手勢 104
《詩篇二十三》 106
《自然之神108
《小夜曲》111
第五章 結論 114

附錄一 歌詞翻譯及德文發音 116
附錄二 舒伯特女聲合唱歌曲單譜版本 123
參考書目 125

參考書目
外文書目
Badura-Skoda, Eva. “On Schubert’s Choral Works.” American Choral Review. Vol.24, no. 2( April 1982): 83-90.
Balmos, Donald C. “The Part-songs of Franz Schubert with Piano.” D. M.A., diss., The University of Texas at Austin, 1991.
Biba, Otto. “Schubert’s Position in Viennese Musical Life.” Nineteenth-Century Music. 3(November 1979): 106.
Branscombe, Peter. Music for Social Occasion. excerpts read by the auther, Philips 454 428-26,1997.
Brown, Maurice J. E. The New Grove Schubert. London: Papermac, 1990.
__________. Schubert: A Critical Biography. New Yorl: Da Capo Press, 1977.
__________. “Schubert: Discoveries of the Last Decade.” Music Quarterly, 57, 1971, 351-78.
Burnsworth, Charles C. Choral Music for Women’s Voices: An Annotated Bibliography of Recommended Works. New York: The Scarecrow Press, Inc., 1968.
Deutsch, Otto E. “Schubert the Man.” The Music of Schubert, ed. G. Abraham. Nre York: W. W. Norton & Company, Inc.,1947.
Durr, Walther. Franz Schubert’s Part-songs., experts read by the author, EMI 5661392, 1997, CD.
Ehmann, Wilhelm. Voice Building for Choirs. Chapel Hill: Hinshaw Music, 1981.
Erickson, Raymond ed. Schubert’s Vienna. London: Yale University Press, 1997.
Garretson, Robert L. Choral Music: History, Style, and Performance Practice. New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 1993.
_______. Conducting Choral Music. New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 1993.
Gibbs, Christopher H. ed. The Cambridge Companion to Schubert. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997.
Haasemann, Frauke . Group Vocal Technique. Chapel Hill: Hinshaw Music, 1991.
Hanson, Alice M. “Vienna, City of Music.” Schubert’s Vienna. R. Erickson ed. London: Yale University Press, 1997.
Harris, Robert L. “The Young Female Voice and Alto.” Choral Journal, vol.28, no.3 (October, 1987)
Heider, A. A Survey of Schubert Part-songs for Mixed Voices. American Choral Review, vol.22, no. 3,(1980),3-17.
Heindl, Waltraud. “People, Class Structure, and Society.” Schubert’s Vienna, R. Erickson ed. London: Yale University Press, 1997.
Henderson, Mark A. “The German Part-song in the First Half of the Nineteenth Century.” D. M. A., thesis, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1989.
Jacobson, Daniel Christopher. “Franz Schubert: Expanding the Realm of Harmonic and Formal Thought, c1810-1828.” Ph. D., thesis, University of California, Santa Barbara, 1986.
Lycan, Mary. “Repertoire for Women’s Choir.” Choral Journal, vol.40, no.9 (April 2000): 33-39.
Meredith, Victoria. “The Pivotal Role of Brahms and Schubert in the Development of the Women’s Choir.” Choral Journal, vol.37, no.7(Januuary, 1997): 7-10.
Newbould, Brian. Schubert: the Music and the Man. Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1997.
Notley, Margret. “Schubert’s Social Music: the Forgotten Genres.” The Cambridge Companion to Schubert. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997, 138-54.
Perkins, Timothy P. “The Development of the Early Romantic Choral Song and the Contribution of Franz Schubert.” Choral Journal, vol.21, no. 9,(May, 1987.): 21-24.
Plantinga, Leon. “Classic and Romantic, Beethoven and Schubert.” Schubert’s Vienna. R. Erickson ed. London: Yale University Press, 1997.
Pritchard, T. C. L. “The Schubert Idiom.” The Music of Schubert, ed. G. Abraham. Nre York: W. W. Norton & Company, Inc.,1947.
Quantz, Donald E. “ The Part-songs of Franz Schubert.” M. D., diss. University of Manitoba, 1992.
Randel, Don ed. The New Harvard Dictionary. London: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1986.
Reed, John. Schubert. New York: Oxford University Press, 1997.
Roe, Paul F. Choral Music Education. Illinois: Waveland Press, Inc., 1994.
Rosenthal, Carl A. and Abram Loft. “Church and Choral Music.” The Music of Schubert. G. Abraham ed. Nre York: W. W. Norton & Company, Inc.,1947.
Schubert, Franz. Franz Schuberts Werke: Kirtisch durchgesehene Gesamtausgabe. Ed. E. Mandyczewski, J. Brahms, et. Al. Leipzig, 1884-97. Reprint 1964-69.
Skoog, Alfred and David Niederbrach. “The Organization, Development, and Function of the Female Choir.” Choral Journal, vol.24, no.1, (September, 1983.): 19-26.
Stolba, K Marie, The Development of Western Music, Wm. C. Brown Publishers, 1990.
Stultz, Marie. “Work for Treble Voice by Brahms, Mendelssohn, and Schubert.” Choral Journal, vol.38, no.3(October, 1997.): 27-34.
The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musician. (1980) S. v. “Chorus” by James G. Smith and Percy M. Young. Vol.5, 341-357.
Wall, John, Robert Caldwell, Tracy Gavilanes, Sheila Allen. Diction for Singers. Dallas: Pst…Inc., 1990.
中文書目
佩姬．伍德福特著。 《舒伯特》，黃正喬譯。第二版。台北市：智庫文化股份有限公司，民國八十四年。
史耐德著。 《舒伯特》，陳鳳凰譯。台北市：大陸書店，民國七十六年。
席慕德譯詞、評注。 《舒伯特三大連篇歌曲》。台北市：世界文物出版社，民國八十四年。
馬革順著。 《合唱學》。香港：宣道出版社，民國八十一年。
麥可．雷朋和亞倫．肯道爾主編。 《西洋音樂百科全書：浪漫時期音樂》。 台北市：台灣麥克股份有限公司，民國八十三年。
劉志明著。 《西方歌劇史》。 台北市：全音樂譜出版社有限公司，民國八十一年。
林美江著。 《舒伯特鋼琴小品之研究》。 高雄市：中山大學音樂研究所，民國八十六年。
陳榮光著。 《舒伯特藝術歌曲研究》。 台北市：全音出版社，民國七十五年。
戴金泉。 《合唱學：理論與實際》。 台北市：東和音樂出版社，民國七十四年。
《世紀大歌曲全集：世界合唱曲集三》。 樂府出版社。