本文探討維吉妮亞•吳爾芙對「女性句子」和「女性語言」的理解與表達。
西方文明是父權統治的，歷史敘述的是「他」的故事，文學是以男性為中心，語言是男性創造的，就連科學，吳爾芙認為也非中性，而是男性。文學史上獨斷、壓制、恫嚇的男性語言，已根深蒂固，雖然吳爾芙承認當代對女性的不公平和偏見，的確已漸漸消蝕，但她堅持這條路還很漫長，而且歧視女性的想法仍然存在
於男人心中。
女性作家能否找到足以表達自己的語言，而不要借用男性句子來表達她們截然不同的特質;我们可以說終其一生，吳爾芙都在找這個句子。對吳爾芙而言，陰性書寫(women’s writing/righting)的意義有二，一為撥亂返正，反威權反体制的抗爭，糾正男性不當的思維，為女性爭取應得的權利﹔二為銘刻女性特質的語言，玩句造詞，充分展現女性變化莫測之文類界限、語言律動和書寫空間。
　　本文藉由吳爾芙在其作品中所使用的「意識流」、「雌雄同體」與「水的意像」三項主要敘述技巧，指出她實驗和實踐銘刻女性特質的新書寫形式，有別於傳統的男性語言，展現多元、流動、多變的陰性書寫特質。

This dissertation explores Virginia Woolf’s concept of “a woman’s sentence” and the significance and possibility of “a woman’s language.” It demonstrates how Woolf finds a new way to write fiction that expresses women’s values and her resistance and disruption of a traditional discourse.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

I.Polyphony and Heteroglossia of the Feminine 1
II. Stream of Consciousness and Feminine Writing 36

III. Androgyny and Feminine Writing 77
IV. Water Imagery and Feminine Writing 118
V. Approximation of the Feminine 145

Works Cited 157

Works Cited
Abel, Elizabeth. Virginia Woolf and the Fictions of Psychoanalysis. Chicago: U of Chicago P, 1989.
Abrams, M. H. A Glossary of Literary Terms. 6th ed. Fort Worth: Harcourt, 1993.
Ardis, Ann and Bonnie Kime Scott, eds. Virginia Woolf: Turning the Centuries. Selected papers from the Ninth Annual Conference on Virginia Woolf. 10-13 June 1999. New York: Pace UP, 2000.
Bakhtin, Mikhail. Problems of Dostoevsky’s Poetics. Ed. & Trans. Carl Emerson Minneapolis: U of Minesota P, 1984.
---. The Dialogic Imagination. Ed. Michael Holquist. Trans. Carl Emerson & Michael Holquist. Austin: U of Texas P, 1981.
---. Rabelais and His World. Trans. Hélène Iswolsky. Bloomington: Indiana UP, 1984.
Barr, Marleen S. and Richard Feldstein, eds. Discontented Discourses: Feminism/Textual Intervention/Psychoanalysis. Urbana: U of Illinois P, 1989.
Barrett, Eileen, and Patricia Cramer, eds. Virginia Woolf: Lesbian Readings. New York: New York UP, 1997.
Bauer, Dale M. and Susan Jaret Mckinstry, eds. Feminism, Bakhtin, and the Dialogic. Albany: State U of New York P, 1991.
Beer, Gillian. Introduction. The Waves. By Virginia Woolf. Oxford: Oxford UP, _1992. xii-xxxvi.
Belsey, Catherine, and Jane Moore, eds. The Feminist Reader: Essays in Gender and the Politics of Literary Criticism. Houndmills: Macmillan, 1989.
Birkett, Jennifer. “French Feminists and Anglo-Irish Modernists: Cixous, Kristeva, Beckett and Joyce.” 1-20. 21 April 2004 <http://www.themodernword.com/ beckett/paper_birkett.html>.
Booth, Wayne C. The Rhetoric of Fiction. 2nd ed. London: Penguin, 1983.
Bowlby, Rachel. Feminist Destinations and Further Essays on Virginia Woolf. Edinburgh: Edinburgh UP, 1997.
Brooker, Peter, ed. Modernism/Postmodernism. London: Longman, 1992.
Buck, Claire, ed. Women's Literature A-Z. London: Bloomsbury, 1992.
Bulter, Judith. Gender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity. New York: Routledge, 1990.
Caramagno, Thomas C. The Flight of the Mind: Virginia Woolf’s Art and Manic-Depressive Illness. Berkeley: U of California P, 1992.
Caughie, Pamela L. Virginia Woolf & Postmodernism: Literature in Quest & Question of Itself. Urbana: U of Illinois P, 1991.
Caws, Mary Ann, and Nicola Luckhurst, eds. The Reception of Virginia Woolf in Europe. London: Continuum, 2002.
Charles, Nickie, and Felicia Hughes-Freeland, eds. Practicing Feminism: Identity, Difference, Power. London: Routledge, 1996.
Circlot, J. E. A Dictionary of Symbols. Trans. Jack Sage. New York: Philosophical, 1962.
Cixous, H&eacute;l&egrave;ne. “Castration or Decapitation?” Trans. Annette Kuhn. Signs 7.1 Autumn 1981): 41-55.
---. “The Laugh of the Medusa.” (1975) Trans. Keith Cohen and Paula Cohen. Rpt. in Feminisms: An Anthology of Literary Theory and Criticisms. Ed. Robyn R. Warhol and Diane Price Herndl. New Brunswick: Rutgers UP, 1991. 334-49.
---, and Catherine Cl&eacute;ment. The Newly Born Woman. Trans. Betsy Wing. Minneapolis: U of Minnesota P, 1986.
Cuddon, J. A. The Penguin Dictionary of Literary Terms and Literary Theory. 5th ed. London: Penguin, 1991.
Daugherty, Beth Rigel, and Eileen Barrett, eds. Virginia Woolf: Texts and Contexts. Proc. from the Fifth Annual Conference on Virginia Woolf. 15-18 June 1995. New York: Pace UP, 1996.
Davis, Laura, and Jeanette McVicker, eds. Virginia Woolf and Her Influences: Selected Papers from the Seventh Annual Conferences on Virginia Woolf. New York: Pace UP, 1998.
Dowling, David. Bloomsbury Aesthetics and the Novels of Foster and Woolf. New York: St. Martin’s, 1985.
DuPlessis, Rachel Blau. Writing Beyond the Ending: Narrative Strategies of Twentieth-Century Women Writers. Bloomington: Indiana UP, 1985.
Dusinberre, Juliet. Virginia Woolf’s Renaissance: Woman Reader or Common Reader? Houndmills: Macmillan, 1997.
Eagleton, Mary. Feminist Literary Criticism. London: Longman, 1991.
---. Working with Feminist Criticism. Oxford: Blackwell, 1996.
Eagleton, Terry. The Illusions of Postmodernism. Oxford: Blackwell, 1996.
---. Literary Theory: An Introduction. Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1983.
Ekins, Richard and Dave King, eds. Blending Genders: Social Aspects of Crossing-Dressing and Sex-Changing. London: Routledge, 1996.
Ezell, Margaret J. M. Writing Women's Literary History. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins UP, 1993.
Feder, Lillian. Madness in Literature. Princeton: Princeton UP, 1980.
Ferrer, Daniel. Virginia Woolf and the Madness of Language. London: Routledge, 1990.
Foucault, Michel. Madness and Civilization: A History of Insanity in the Age of Reason. Trans. Richard Howard. New York: Vintage, 1988.
Gillespie, Diane Filby. "Political Aesthetics: Virginia Woolf and Dorothy Richardson." Virginia Woolf: A Feminist Slant. Ed. Jane Marcus. Lincoln: U of Nebraska P, 1983.
---, ed. The Multiple Muses of Virginia Woolf. Columbia: U of Missouri P, 1993.
Goldman, Jane. The Feminist Aesthetics of Virginia Woolf: Modernism, Post-impressionism, and the Politics of the Visual. Cambridge, UK; New York: Cambridge UP, 1998.
Goodman, Lizbeth, ed. Literature and Gender. London: Routledge, 1996.
Gordon, Lyndall. The Rejected Body: Feminist Philosophical Reflections on Disability. New York: Routledge, 1996.
---. Virginia Woolf: A Writer’s Life. New York: Norton, 1984.
Gorsky, Susan Rubinow. Virginia Woolf. Boston: Twayne, 1989.
Gualtieri, Elena. Virginia Woolf’s Essays: Sketching the Past. Houndmills: Palgrave, 2000.
Heilbrun, Carolyn G. Toward a Recognition of Androgyny. New York: Norton, 1982.
Henry, Holly. Virginia Woolf and the Discourse of Science: The Aesthetics of Astronomy. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 2003.
Hite, Molly. “Virginia Woolf’s Two Bodies.” Genders 31 (2000): 22pp. 21 July 2004 <http://www.genders.org/g31/g31-jote.html>.
Holmesland, Oddvar. Form as Compensation for Life: Fictive Patterns in Virginia Woolf’s Novels. Columbia: Camden, 1998.
Humm, Maggie. A Reader's Guide to Contemporary Feminist Literary Criticism. New York: Harvester, 1994.
Humphrey, Robert. Stream of Consciousness in the Modern Novel. Berkeley: U of California P, 1965.
Hussey, Mark. Virginia Woolf A to Z. New York: Oxford UP, 1995.
Ingham, Patricia. The Language of Gender and Class: Transformation in the Victorian Novel. London: Routledge, 1996.
Irigaray, Luce. The Speculum of the Other Women. (1974) Trans. Gillian C. Gill. Ithaca: Cornell UP, 1985.
---. “This Sex Which Is Not One.” (1977) Trans. Claudia Reeder. Rpt. in Feminisms: An Anthology of Literary Theory and Criticisms. Ed. Robyn R. Warhol and Diane Price Herndl. New Brunswick: Rutgers UP, 1991. 350-56.
Jackson, Stevi, et al., eds. Women's Studies: A Reader. New York: Harvester, 1993.
Jackson, Tony E. The Subject of Modernism: Narrative Alternations in the Fiction of Eliot, Conrad, Woolf, and Joyce. Ann Arbor: U of Michigan P, 1994.
Johnson, George M. "`The Spirit of the Age': Virginia Woolf's Response to Second Wave Psychology." Twentieth Century Literature 40 (1994): 139-65.
Jones, Ann Rosalind. “Writing the Body: Toward an Understanding of l’Ecriture F&eacute;minine.” Rpt. in Feminisms: An Anthology of Literary Theory and Criticisms. Ed. Robyn R. Warhol and Diane Price Herndl. New Brunswick: Rutgers UP, 1991. 357-70.
Kaivola, Karen. All Contraries Confounded: The Lyrical Fiction of Virginia Woolf, Djuna Barnes, and Marguerite Duras. Iowa: U of Iowa P, 1991.
Kiely, Robert. Beyond Egotism: the Fiction of James Joyce, Virginia Woolf, and D.H. Lawrence. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard UP, 1980.
Kristeva, Julia. Desire in Language: A Semiotic Approach to Literature and Art. Ed. L&eacute;on S. Roudiez. Trans. Alice Jardine, Thomas Gora, and L&eacute;on Roudiez. New York: Columbia UP, 1980.
---. Interview with Xavi&egrave;re Gauthier. New French Feminisms: An Anthology. Ed. Elaine Marks and Isabelle de Courtivron. New York: Harvester, 1981. 165-67.
---. “Women’s Time.” Signs 7.1 (Autumn 1981): 13-35. Rpt. in Feminisms: An Anthology of Literary Theory and Criticisms. Ed. Robyn R. Warhol and Diane Price Herndl. New Brunswick: Rutgers UP, 1991. 443-62.
Kumar, Shiv K. Bergson and the Stream of Consciousness Novel. New York: New York UP, 1963.
Lane, Richard J. Literary Masterpieces: Vol. 11 Mrs. Dalloway. Farmington Hills: Gale, 2001.
Lawrence, Karen R. Penelope Voyages: Woman and Travel in the British Literary Tradition. London: Cornell UP, 1994.
Lawrence, Patricia Ondek. The Reading of Silence: Virginia Woolf in the English Tradition. Standford: Standford UP, 1991.
Lee, Hermione. The Novels of Virginia Woolf. London: Methuen, 1977.
Lehmann, John. Virginia Woolf. London: Thames and Hudson, 1975.
Lewis, Wyndham. “Virginia Woolf: ‘Mind’ and ‘Matter’ on the Plane of a Literary Controversy.” 8 pp. 21 July 2004 <http://mural.uv.es/jojise/ nar2mindand.html>.
Lodge, David, ed. Modern Criticism and Theory. London: Longman, 1988.
---. 20th Century Literary Criticism. London: Longman, 1972.
Marcus, Jane, ed. New Feminist Essays on Virginia Woolf. London: U of Nebraska P, 1981.
---. Virginia Woolf and the Languages of Patriarchy. Bloomington: Indiana UP, 1987.
Marder, Herbert. Feminism & Art: A Study of Virginia Woolf. Chicago: U of Chicago P, 1968.
Maze, John R. Virginia Woolf: Feminism, Creativity, and the Unconscious. Westport: Greenwood, 1997.
Mepham, John. Virginia Woolf: A Literary Life. New York: St. Martin’s, 1991.
Mezei, Kathy, ed. Ambiguous Discourse: Feminist Narratology & British Women Writers. London: U of North Carolina P, 1996.
Minow